初三英語《現(xiàn)在完成時》PPT課件

.,1,*現(xiàn)在完成時*,.,2,現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞have（has）+過去分詞構(gòu)成其否定句在Have/has后加not.一般疑問句把have/has提到主語前.動詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則變化（和過去時一樣）不規(guī)則變化：,.,3,不規(guī)則變化：am/is-was-beenare-were-beenbegin-began-begunbreak-broke-brokendo-did-donedraw-drew-drawndrink-drank-drunkdrive-drove-driveneat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallenfly-flew-flownforget-forgot-forgottengive-gave-givengo-went-gonegrow-grew-grownhide-hid-hiddenknow-knew-knownlie-lay-lainride-rode-riddenring-rang-rungshow-showed-shownsee-saw-seensing-sang-sungspeak-spoke-spokentake-took-takencome-came-comerun-ranrunbecome-became-become,.,4,1。表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,例如Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我剛洗過衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓)通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞just（剛剛）,already（已經(jīng)）,before,yet（一般疑問：已經(jīng)；否定句：還）never,ever等狀語連用Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.Haveyoueverriddenahorse?Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.Ivejustfinishedmyhomework.Hehasnotcomeyet.,.,5,2。表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。通常和for（段時間）,since（點時間）引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用.以及sofar,bynow,thesedays,inthelasttenyears等連用。Ihavebeenhereforjustovertwoyears.Hehasworkedheresince1989.從1989年，,Ihaventseenherthesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?,.,6,注意點一：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去?，F(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,lastnight,twoweeksago等試比較：Theplanehasarrived.飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒）Theplanearrivedaquarterago.飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）Itaughthereforayear.我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）,.,7,PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.A:火車已經(jīng)開走了.B:什么時候開走的?A:半個小時之前開走的.A:這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩年了.B:你在哪兒買的?A:在我老家買的.A:你看過這部電影嗎?B:看過.A:什么時候看的.B:上周星期天看的.,A:Thetrainhasleft.,B:Whendiditleave.,A:Itlefthalfanhourago.,A:haveyouseenthefilm?B:Yes,Ihave.A:Whendidyouseeit?B:IsawitlastSunday.,A:Ivehadthebookfortwoyears.B:Wheredidyoubuyit?A:Iboughtitinmyhometown.,.,8,注意點二、非延續(xù)性動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞have，keep等來代替非延續(xù)性動詞。他入黨五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears.itisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty電影開始五分鐘了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan,.,9,瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,come/gobe(in)leavebeawayborrowkeepbuyhavediebedeadgettoknowknowbeginbeongooutbeoffgooutbeoffarrivebehere/theremarry/getmarried(to)bemarried(to)begintowork/study/livework/study/leavefallasleep/gettosleepbeasleepjointhePartybeintheParty/beamemberof,.,10,.,11,1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks.()2.Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes.(),ABC,ABC,Bkept,Bbeenon,3.這輛自行車我買了兩年了。Ive_thebike_twoyears.,4.HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago.He_Nanjingfortwoyears.,5.Themonkeydiedlastmonth.Themonkey_foramonth.,6.A:Honglong_you_()B:Twoweeks.A.did,getillB.have,fallenillC.were,illD.have,beenill,hadfor,hasbeenawayfrom,hasbeendead,D,.,12,注意點三：havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多長時間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他們到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust,ever,never等連用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛才去郵局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過長城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？Have(has)beento后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。3、have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如：-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到書店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。,.,13,練習(xí)：用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空A:Where_1_LiFei_1_?B:He_2_toHainanIsland.A:Howlong_3_he_3_there?B:He_4_thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:Imafraidhewontcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_5_never_5_there.A:Howmanytimes_6_LiFei_6_tothatplace?B:He_7_thereonlyonce.,.,14,用括號中所給的動詞的適當形式完成下列句子。1.Mary_(lose)herpen._you_(see)ithereandthere?2._you_(find)yourwatchyet?3.-Areyouthirsty?-NO,I_just_(have)someorange.4.We_already_(return)thebook.5._they_(build)anewschoolinthevillage?6.-HasTomtaughtyouEnglish?-Yes,he_(teach)usEnglishfortwoyears.7.I_(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.Canyouhelpme?8.What_they_(do)withthenewaper?Theyhavereadthem.9.-Thedoorisopen.Who_(open)it?Doyouknow?-Sorry,Idontknow.10.Myfather_(read)thenoveltwice.11.WuDong_(be)asoldierforoneyear.12.Thestudents_(study)inthemiddleschoolsincelastmon