現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語有幾種形式

Theing-formusedasadverbial,2,現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語有四種形式1.一般形式，由動詞原形ing構(gòu)成2.完成形式，由having+過去分詞3.進(jìn)行被動式：由being過去分詞4.完成被動式：由havingbeen過去分詞構(gòu)成,3,-ing短語作狀語稱為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語時，通常都表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動作，來對謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或作為陪襯,4,Relyingonourownefforts,weovercameallthedifficulties.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.Dontjuststandtheredoingnothing.,5,1.現(xiàn)在分詞何時用一般形式?,當(dāng)分詞的動作是由主語發(fā)出，而且和謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，則用分詞的一般形式Hewasillanddidntattendthemeeting.=Beingill,hedidntattendthemeeting.,6,Whenhesawthosepicture,hecouldnthelpthinkingfthosememorabledaysinthewar.=Seeingthosepictures,hecouldnthelpthinkingofthosememorabledaysinthewar.,7,如果分詞表示的是一個極短暫的動作,這動作一發(fā)生,謂語表示的動作立即發(fā)生,也用分詞的一般形式.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.,8,Reachinghome,hebeganwritingamelodyforit.Walkingoutoftheroom,hefoundtheboystillthere.Arrivingatthehotel,shefoundthembusylayingtables.,9,2.現(xiàn)在分詞何時用完成形式？,當(dāng)分詞的動作是由主語發(fā)出，而且發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，則用分詞的完成形式Havingfinishedtheclass,shewenthome.=Aftershefinishedtheclass,10,Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.=Ashehadworked,11,3.現(xiàn)在分詞何時用進(jìn)行被動式？,當(dāng)分詞的動作由主語承受，而且分詞的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生時Beingcriticizedbytheemployer,thenewemployeehunghishead.,12,4.現(xiàn)在分詞何時用完成的被動式？,當(dāng)分詞表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，且分詞表示的動作由主語承受Havingbeenbeatenbythefarmer,thehorsewentaway.Havingbeenpraisedforhisjob,Tomworkedharder.,13,Havingbeencutofffromtheirsourceofsupply,theguerrillascampedintheopenandliveonwildplants.,14,現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句可表時間，原因，方式，伴隨情況，結(jié)果或條件等,15,(1)相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句,a.Beingill,shedidntgtoschooltoday.=Assheisill,b.Havingseenthefilm,hedidntgotothecinemawiththem.=Becausehehadseenthefilm,16,c.Feelingtired，Iwenttobedearly.=BecauseIfelttired,d.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.Becausewedidntknowheraddress,17,Greatlyinterested,Iaskedtohaveatrymyself.Delighted,thegirlsthoughtupmanygoodideas.,18,a.Walkinginthestreet(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet),Icaughtsightofatailorshop.b.Turningaround(Whensheturnedaround),shesawanambulancedrivingup.,（2）相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句,19,c.Whenleavingtheairport(Whentheylefttheairport),theywavedagainandagain.D.Dontmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim(whileyouaretalkingtohim).,20,(3)表示行為方式，伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明等,a.Holdingthenoteinhishand,hestoodtheredumbfounded.b.Thestudentswentaway,runningandlaughing.c.Staving,hewanderedabout.,21,(4)表示結(jié)果,a.Theoldmandied,leavingnothingbutdebts.b.wehurriedtoschool,findingtherewerenostudentsintheschool.c.Theyopenedfire,killingoneofourpatrolmen.,22,(5)表示條件,a.Stayinghereforsometime,youllfindthepeopleherearefriendly.b.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.,23,注意1：不是每個狀語從句都能用分詞替換只有當(dāng)分詞和句子的主語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，才能用分詞替換,24,BeforeIcameintothelab,thestudenthadbeenseated.Comeinto的動作既不是students發(fā)出的也不是students承受，所以不能這樣說Comingintothelab,thestudentshadbeenseated.,25,注意2：分詞作狀語時，分詞和句子的主語一定要有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系即分詞的動作由句子的主語發(fā)出或承受,26,Wearesittinghere,makingnotes.make的動作由主語我們發(fā)出Beingscoldedbyhismother,theboyhunghishead.Scold的動作由theboy承受,27,注意3：如果分詞和句子沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則不能用單個的分詞作狀語，可以用分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或狀語從句,28,現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)為名詞或代詞分詞，名詞或代詞是分詞的邏輯主語Timepermitting,IllcallonyouthisSunday.Therebeingnomoney,hecouldbuynothing.,29,Heenteringtheoffice,aletterwasfoundontheground.ProfessorZhanghavingfinishedthelecture,hisdriverdrovehimhome.,30,分詞作狀語時,在少數(shù)情況下,其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致,分詞用來修