湖北省宜昌第一中學(xué)高中英語 Unit 3 A Healthy Life導(dǎo)學(xué)案（必修6）（無答案）

必修6 Unit 3 A Healthy Life 導(dǎo)學(xué)案閱讀欣賞What We Still Dont Know About AIDS？In the 20 years since the first cases of AIDS are detected，scientists say they have learned more about this viral disease than any other.Yet Peter Piot，who directs the United Nations AIDS program，and Stefano Vella of Rome，president of the International AIDS Society，and other experts say reviewing unanswered questions could prove useful as a measure of progress for AIDS and other diseases.Among the important broader scientific questions that remain：1What route does HIV take after it enters the body to destroy the immune system?When HIV is transmitted sexually，the virus must cross a tissue barrier to enter the body. How that happens is still unclear. The virus might invade directly or be carried by a series of different kinds of cells.2How does HIV destroy the immune system?Although HIV kills the immune cells sent to kill the virus，there is widespread variation in the rate at which HIV infected people become ill with AIDS. So scientists ask：Can the elements of the immune system responsible for that variability be identified？If so，can they be used to stop progression to AIDS infected individuals and possibly prevent infection in the first place?3What is the most effective anti-HIV treatment?In theory，early treatment should offer the best chance of preserving immune function. But the new drugs do not completely eliminate(消除) HIV from the body so the medicines，which can have dangerous side effects，will have to be taken for a lifetime and perhaps changed to combat resistance. The new policy is expected to recommend that treatment be deferred(推遲) until there are signs the immune system is weakening.4Is a vaccine possible?There is little question that an effective vaccine is crucial to controlling the disease. Yet only one has reached the stage of full testing，and there is wide controversy over the degree of protection it will provide. HIV strains that are transmitted in various areas of the world differ genetically. It is not known whether a vaccine derived from one type of HIV will provide protection against other types.5In the absence of a vaccine，how can HIV be stopped?Without more incisive，focused behavioral research，prevention messages alone will not stop the global disease.科學(xué)家說，在第一批艾滋病例被發(fā)現(xiàn)以后的20年里，他們對(duì)這種病毒性疾病的了解，已超過其他任何一種病毒性疾病。但是，聯(lián)合國艾滋病規(guī)劃署的負(fù)責(zé)人彼得皮奧和國際艾滋病學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)長羅馬的斯特凡諾韋拉及其他一些專家都認(rèn)為，全面考察那些未決問題，可能對(duì)艾滋病和其他疾病治療的進(jìn)展是一項(xiàng)有益的舉措。這些較廣泛的重要科學(xué)問題包括：1、艾滋病病毒侵入人體后通過什么途徑摧毀免疫系統(tǒng)?當(dāng)艾滋病病毒通過性接觸傳播時(shí)，病毒必須穿過組織屏障進(jìn)入人體。這個(gè)過程目前尚不清楚。病毒可能直接侵入，或許由一系列不同種類的細(xì)胞帶入。2、艾滋病病毒是怎樣破壞免疫系統(tǒng)的?艾滋病病毒能殺死對(duì)付自己的免疫細(xì)胞，但艾滋病病毒攜帶者患艾滋病的快慢卻大不相同。因此科學(xué)家提出問題：免疫系統(tǒng)中那些使人患艾滋病時(shí)間出現(xiàn)差異的因素能否被識(shí)別出來?如果能，它們能否用于制止艾滋病患者病情的惡化，甚至在最初就可能防止人們感染艾滋病病毒?3、最有效的艾滋病療法是什么?從理論上來說，盡早治療可以提供維護(hù)免疫功能的最佳時(shí)機(jī)。但是新藥物無法徹底清除體內(nèi)的艾滋病病毒，因此患者不得不終身服用這些具有危險(xiǎn)副作用的藥物，而且還可能在產(chǎn)生抗藥性時(shí)改服別的藥物。因此新的方法可能建議在免疫系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)衰退跡象時(shí)才開始治療。4、可能研制出疫苗嗎?毫無疑問，一種有效的疫苗是控制這種瘟疫的關(guān)鍵。但是目前只有一種疫苗進(jìn)入了全面檢驗(yàn)的階段，而對(duì)其會(huì)有多大的保護(hù)功能，卻有著很大的爭議。世界各地流行的艾滋病在遺傳類型上各不相同，目前還不清楚，從某種艾滋病病毒獲得的疫苗能否防止其他類型的艾滋病。5、如果沒有疫苗，能否阻止艾滋病病毒的傳播?如果沒有深入集中的行為研究，僅靠宣傳是無法阻止這種全球性瘟疫的。Period I Vocabulary Study【自主預(yù)習(xí)】根據(jù)漢語意思及詞性寫出單詞，然后借助工具書，結(jié)合學(xué)過的類似詞匯，了解這些詞的詞性變化，并寫出其正確形式。1. _ (n. & vt.) 濫用；虐待_ (vt.) 誤用_ (a.) 有用的 _ (a.) 無用的_ (a.) 用過的2. _ (v.) 符合,適合，合身_ (a.) 健康的；適合的_ (a.) 不適合的 _ (n.)恰當(dāng)；健康，健身3. _（n.）強(qiáng)調(diào)；壓力_ (v.) 強(qiáng)調(diào)；使緊張_(a.)有壓力的；緊張的_ (a.)感到壓力的，緊張的4. _ (n. & a.) 青少年；青春期的_ (n.) 青春期5. _ (vt.) 使沉溺，使上癮_ (n.) 上癮者 _ (a.) 入迷的，上癮的_ (a.) 讓人著迷的6. _ (v.) 使習(xí)慣于_ (a.) 習(xí)慣了的7. _ (v.) 撤退，收回，?。ㄥX）_ (n.) 撤退，收回，取款8. _ (n.)結(jié)果；效力；影響；作用；效應(yīng)_(a.)有效的，起作用的_(ad.)有效地，實(shí)際上_(n.)有效性9. _ (a.) 精神的，智力的_ (ad.) 精神上，智力上_(n.)心態(tài)，智力10. _ (n.) 規(guī)范，基準(zhǔn) _ (adj.) 正常的，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 _(a.)畸形的。異常的11._ (n.)呼吸，氣息_ (v.)呼吸，低語_ (a.)氣喘吁吁的12. _ (a.) 堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，強(qiáng)壯的_ (ad.) 強(qiáng)烈地，堅(jiān)強(qiáng)地 _ (n.) 力量，力氣，長處_ (v.) 加強(qiáng)，鞏固13. _ (v.) 下決心；解決_ (a.) 下定決心的 _ (a.) 決議，決心14. _ (a.) 絕望的；拼命的；不顧一切的；極度渴望的_ (ad.) 拼命地；絕望地 _ (n.) 絕望的境地_ (n.) 絕望15. _ (vt.) 使失望_ (n.) 失望，沮喪 _ (a.) 失望的，沮喪的_ (a.) 令人失望的16. _ (a.) 弱的，虛弱的_ (n.) 弱點(diǎn)，軟弱，癖好 _ (ad.) 虛弱地，無力地_ (v.) 動(dòng)搖，削弱，使變?nèi)?7. _ (n.) 羞恥，羞愧；憾事_ (a.) 可恥的，不道德的 _ (a.) 無恥的，不要臉的_ (a.) 慚愧的，難為情的18. _ (v.) 判斷，審判_ (n.) 法官，裁判 _ (n.) 看法；判斷；判決19. _ (v.) 幸存；幸免于；比.活得長_ (n.) 幸存者，生還者 _ (a.) 繼續(xù)存在的_ (n.) 幸存20._ (vt.) 使尷尬_ (n.) 尷尬,難堪 _ (a.) 尷尬的_ (a.) 令人尷尬的【重點(diǎn)詞匯】1. abuse v.t. & n【例句】 He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power.他因被控腐敗和濫用職權(quán)而被捕。 She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends. Before liberation, they were physically and emotionally abused in the jail. She suffered years of physical abuse.【歸納】1. 酗酒、嗜毒 _2. 虐待兒童 _3. 濫用職權(quán) _【拓展】ab-為否定前綴，類似的還有abnormal【活用】(1) 濫用能源會(huì)給我們的子孫后代(offspring)帶來可怕的未來。_(2) 根據(jù)最新的法律，家長不允許虐待兒童。_2. stress n. 壓力；重音；強(qiáng)調(diào) v. 強(qiáng)調(diào)【例句】1. Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.2. We worked on pronunciation, stress and intonation.3. I think the company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality.4. She lays great stress on punctuality.她特別強(qiáng)調(diào)守時(shí)。5. He stressed the importance of a good education.6. I must stress that everything Ive told you is strictly confidential.7. It must be stressed that this disease is very rare.stressful adj.有壓力的: She finds her new teaching job very stressful.【歸納】1. 強(qiáng)調(diào) _2. 必須強(qiáng)調(diào)的是 _【活用】1. She found her new job very _ (stress)，so she was feeling very _ (stress) and tired. In other words，she was under great _ because of her _ (stress) new job.3. ban (-banned)v. 取締 (forbid sth officially)Chemical weapons are banned internationally.a campaign to ban smoking in public places禁止做Shes been banned from leaving Greece while the allegations(指控) are investigated.He was banned from driving for six months.n. (on sth) 禁令; 禁止: （an official rule that says that sth is not allowed）The government put a ban on the import of alcohol 政府禁止酒類進(jìn)口.Some places have lifted the ban on lighting firecrackers during the Spring Festival.【歸納】1. 取締某事/做某事 _2. 禁止某人做 _3. 禁止 （n.） _4. 解除對(duì)的禁令 _【活用】(1)從去年6月份開始禁止超市無償提供塑料袋。From last June offering plastic bags for free in supermarket (there)(2) 在英國許多公共場所禁止吸煙。People in many public places in England. (ban v. )4. due adj. 欠款的；預(yù)定的；到期的【例句】The teams success was largely due to her efforts.The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding.Rose is due to start school in January.The bands first album is due for release later this month.Payment is due on 1 October. “到期的” (when a sum of money is due, it must be paid immediately)Have they been paid the money that is due to them?Our thanks are due to the whole team. 我們要向全隊(duì)致謝?！就卣埂慷陶Z “因?yàn)椤眀ecause ofowing tothanks toas a result ofon account oftherefore/thus ad. 因此so conj. 因此【歸納】(1). 由于，因?yàn)?2). 預(yù)定，預(yù)期(3). （欠款）到期(4). 應(yīng)歸于某人；應(yīng)給予某人；應(yīng)支付給某人【活用】(1) 由于這次全球性的金融危機(jī)，他被解雇了。He was fired the global financial crisis. (due)(2) 這次峰會(huì)(summit)將在一個(gè)非洲國家舉行。The summit in an African country. (due; hold)5. addicted (adj.)【例句】She helped him fight against his drug addition.His son is addicted to reading detective novels.【歸納】對(duì)有癮 _影迷 _【拓展】addictn. 有癮的人；入迷的人 drug addict/a video game addictaddition n. 癮; 沉溺addictive adj. 使人上癮的；使人入迷的【活用】He liked playing online games so much that it didnt take him long to become _(染上，上癮) them.The _ (癮) to games is taking over his life. So he is really a _.6. accustom v. 使習(xí)慣于【例句】He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life. He took his accustomed seat by the fire. 他坐在火爐旁他常坐的座位上.It is clear that caged animals have been accustomed to living with animals.【歸納】1.使自己習(xí)慣于 _2. 習(xí)慣于_【活用】(1) 她的眼睛很快適應(yīng)了黑暗。Her eyes quickly the dark. （accustomed）(2) 鑰匙放在慣常的地方。The keys were in . （accustomed）(3) 我感覺到了每個(gè)人的緊張，并且他們習(xí)慣了被欺騙。I sensed that everyone was nervous and they were accustomed . (lie)7. effect n. 作用；效應(yīng)；影響【例句】The children were taught to distinguish between cause and effect.The new system will soon be put into effect. 新系統(tǒng)即將啟用.The new seat-belt regulations came into effect last week. 新的安全帶規(guī)定上周開始實(shí)施.The two systems are, in effect, identical.這兩種制度實(shí)際上一模一樣.The aspirins soon took effect. 服下的阿司匹林藥片很快見效了.The new law takes effect from tomorrow. 新法令明日起實(shí)行.Almost all conduct has some effect on other people. 幾乎所有行為都對(duì)他人有一定影響?！練w納】1. 因果_2. (尤指法律規(guī)則等)實(shí)行, 實(shí)施_3. 實(shí)際上; 事實(shí)上; 有效_4. 生效; 實(shí)施; 實(shí)行; 起作用_5. 對(duì)有影響_6. 副作用_【活用】為了評(píng)估電腦對(duì)人們的生活的影響。他們向1000人發(fā)放了調(diào)查問卷，所有人都是隨機(jī)挑選的。_8. desperate a.不顧一切的；拼命的，絕望的；極度渴望的；【例句】Somewhere out there was a desperate man, cold, hungry, hunted.那外面有個(gè)男人又冷又餓，還有人抓他，走投無路了。His increasing financial difficulties forced him to take desperate measures.不斷增加的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難迫使他采取了鋌而走險(xiǎn)的辦法。Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girls life醫(yī)生們不惜一切地奮力搶救小女孩的生命。He was so desperate for a job that he would have done anything.他當(dāng)時(shí)太想找份工作了，什么事都愿意干?！就卣埂克臉O度短缺a desperate shortage of water作孤注一擲的努力a desperate attemptdesperately adv.He took a deep breath, desperately trying to keep calm. 他深深地吸了口氣，竭盡全力保持鎮(zhèn)定。【歸納】1. 渴望得到2. 渴望去做3. 急需要【活用】1. 她在四下里找，急于弄到一點(diǎn)吃的。(desperately)_.2. 這些孩子非常需要愛心和關(guān)懷。(desperate)_.9. ashamed adj. 感到慚愧或羞恥的【例句】You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.你應(yīng)該為說這些謊話而感到羞恥.He felt ashamed of having done so little work.他因只做了這麼一點(diǎn)兒工作而感到慚愧.The boy was ashamed to tell his mother that he had failed the exam.那男孩兒不好意思告訴他的母親他考試沒及格。I feel ashamed that I havent written for so long.我很久未曾寫點(diǎn)東西, 甚為慚愧.【拓展】shame n. 羞愧shameless adj. 不知恥的shameful adj. 可恥的；不體面的比較ashamed/shameful：ashamed感到羞恥的；感到慚愧的。指事情使人感到羞恥，慚愧，難為情等。只能用作表語。shameful可恥的；丟臉的。指事情或行為本身不道德。既可用作表語又可用作定語。He was ashamed to cheat，because he realized that it was shameful to cheat in the exam.翻譯：他為作弊而羞愧，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)識(shí)到考試作弊是可恥的?！練w納】1. 因(做了)某事兒感到慚愧_2. 恥于去做某事_3. 對(duì)感到慚愧_【活用】選詞填空(ashamed，shame，shameful，shameless)(1) I was _of having lied to my teacher.(2) If he does anything _，I wont forgive him.(3) He is a _ liar.(4) The football riot(騷亂) made me _ to be English.(5) How can you do such a thing? Have you no _？10. in spite of不管，不顧，盡管【例句】In spite of /Despite his age, he still leads an active life.English became the official language for business in spite of the fact that the population was largely Chinese.【歸納】1. in spite of _2. in spite of/despite/regardless of后跟 、 、代詞、名詞短語等3. regardless of 表示“不管；不顧；不理會(huì)”?！净钣谩?1) 不管別人說了什么，我仍認(rèn)為他這個(gè)人很好。, I think hes a very nice person. (say)(2)盡管天氣不好，他們的假期還是過得極為愉快。They had a wonderful holiday, . ( spite)= , they still had a wonderful holiday. (although)11. risk n. /vt. 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)；冒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) risky adj. 冒險(xiǎn)的【例句】Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease.Patients should be made aware of the risks involved with this treatment.As with all diseases, certain groups will be more at risk than others.If we go to war, innocent lives will be put at risk.We dont want to run the risk of losing their business.Thats a risk Im not prepared to take.You have no right to take risks with other peoples lives.He risked his life to save her.They knew they risked being arrested.【歸納】(1). 冒險(xiǎn)去做(2). 冒的危險(xiǎn)(3). 在危險(xiǎn)中(4). 在的危險(xiǎn)中；冒 的危險(xiǎn)(5). 冒險(xiǎn)做某事 (v.)(6). 冒生命危險(xiǎn)去做某事 (v.)【活用】(1)為了尋找失蹤的小孩，他冒著被困風(fēng)雪中的危險(xiǎn)。In order to search for the lost child, he risked a storm. (catch)(2)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了，許多無辜的民眾處于失去生命的危險(xiǎn)之中。The war broke out, and many innocent people losing their live. (risk)Period 2 Reading Advice From Grandad【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1. 熟練掌握文中重點(diǎn)單詞和短語，并了解重要句型的表達(dá)法。2. 運(yùn)用略讀和掃讀策略迅速獲取信息,并能夠精讀文章獲取信息和分析信息?！局攸c(diǎn)句型】句型1 It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.【翻譯】像我這樣的年紀(jì)，身體健康而且能在一個(gè)下午騎車跑20公里，感到驚奇吧?！窘馕觥縄t 在句子作_ 主語，代替that引導(dǎo)的主語從句?！就卣埂縄t 充當(dāng)形式主語的常見結(jié)構(gòu)：1. 代替不定式：Sometimes, it is difficult to give up smoking.2. 代替動(dòng)名詞: Its no use crying spilt milk. 覆水難收。3. 代替主語從句:It has been proved again and again that repeated advertising increases product sales.【活用】1. _.(it)如果你繼續(xù)吸煙的話，你很有可能遭受不健康之苦。2. _. (it)你有必要服藥來控制血壓。句型2 When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking.(P18)【翻譯】當(dāng)因?yàn)槲也辉龠m合而被學(xué)校足球隊(duì)開除以后，我意識(shí)到自己是時(shí)候戒煙了?！窘馕觥縄t is (high / about) time for sb. to do sth.It is (high / about) time that .其意義為： 。 前句為簡單句，后句為復(fù)合句，且從句中必須使用 。It is high time for us to say goodbye. It is high time .【拓展】翻譯下列有關(guān)“time”的句型：(1) It is high time the teacher dismissed the class.(2) It was the second time that the teacher had been interrupted.(3) The first time I met her in Shanghai, I fell in love with her.(4) By the time I got home, my family had finished supper.(5) There was a time when I was often bullied by my classmates.句型3 I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.【翻譯】我的確希望你把它戒掉，因?yàn)槲蚁Ｍ隳芟裎疫@樣活得健康長壽。【解析】（1）句中的do是謂語動(dòng)詞的一種強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，表示“ ”。英語中，特別是在祈使句或肯定句中，需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須在謂語動(dòng)詞前加上助動(dòng)詞do，does或did，用以加強(qiáng)語氣。Do come here tomorrow morning! 明天上午務(wù)必要來！Do you mean it sounds strange? I will tell you something that does sound strange.你是說這聽起來很奇怪嗎？ 我來告訴你一些聽起來真的很奇怪的事情。【活用】If you have a job，_(一定要致力于)it and finally youll succeed.（2）“as/so.as.” 如果與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，它們的順序是： 。This is as good an example as the other is.這是一個(gè)像其它的一樣好的例子。Im not so good a player as any of you.我不是一個(gè)像你們?nèi)魏我粋€(gè)一樣好的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。如果與不可數(shù)名詞連用，它們的順序是： 。I can carry as much paper as you can. 我可像你一樣能夠帶一樣多的紙?！練w納】as.as.；not so.as.；so.that.；too.to/for；how如果與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，它們的順序一律是：_【活用】 She is that everyone likes her.她是那樣一個(gè)可愛的女孩，以至于每個(gè)人都喜歡她。 This is for me. 這是一個(gè)對(duì)我來說太長的旅程。 it is！多么熱的一天?。?Although he was disabled，he tried to lead _ as possible. (盡可能正常的生活)(normal) Hurry up！Well miss the train. Cant you run any faster?Sorry，Im going _(盡可能快地)(fast)【短語加油站】1. 足夠健康去做be fit enough to do9. 感到煩躁feel bad-tempered2. 在痛苦中be in pain10. 多次；反復(fù)over and over again3. 嚴(yán)重?fù)p害do terrible damage to11. 停止吸煙quit smoking4. 設(shè)法做.manage to do12. 對(duì)做出決定decide on5. 列舉make a list of.13. 扔掉throw away6. 一包香煙a packet of cigarette14. 決心做be determined to do7. 想要做feel like doing15. 破除舊習(xí)break the habit8. 做一些放松運(yùn)動(dòng)do some relaxation exercises16. 感到緊張feel stressedPeriod 3Grammar Focus【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】(1) 學(xué)生能發(fā)現(xiàn)、理解、歸納課文中代詞it的各種用法。(2) 學(xué)生能熟練運(yùn)用it到各種場合，能夠解答與之相關(guān)的習(xí)題；學(xué)會(huì)使用it有關(guān)的高級(jí)句型尤其是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、it作形式主語?！咀灾黝A(yù)習(xí)】一作代詞。 代替上文中提到過的人或事物。指代人時(shí)，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。1) Who is the baby? Its my teachers son2) Who is that gentleman? Its my friend TomHe wants to see you區(qū)別： one 與 it不定代詞one 指代前文提到的同類事物之一，而 it 特指上文中提到的同一事物。試對(duì)比：This pair of shoes is small. May I have another one？（泛指的另一雙）這又鞋子太小了，再拿一雙給我看看好嗎?My pen is missing.I cant find it.我的鋼筆丟了找不到了(it指my pen)二. it 作為無人稱動(dòng)詞的主語，表示天氣 ，時(shí)間，距離，環(huán)境情況等等。這時(shí)的it 不指某個(gè)具體的東西。沒有明確的含義。如1).Its half an hours walk from here to our school從這兒到我們學(xué)校是步行一個(gè)小時(shí)的路程。2) Its nice and warm here這里非常暖和。3) But its two oclock now, and its time for us to go to school兩點(diǎn)了，該是上學(xué)的時(shí)間了。4) Its quite close in the room . Lets open the window for a while。房間里太悶，把窗子打開一會(huì)兒吧。三.“It” 可以代替指示代詞this ,that 。例：-Whose dictionary is that? -It is mine.四用作形式主語或形式賓語。1. 當(dāng)充當(dāng)主語的不定式、v-ing短語或從句太長時(shí)，往往用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語移至句末，以避免句子頭重腳輕。it作形式主語的常見句型：it替代動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的常見句型為:1) It is necessary /important /p