外文翻譯--提高水泥廠電除塵器除塵效率措施的研究與應(yīng)用.doc

附錄A譯文提高水泥廠電除塵器除塵效率措施的研究與應(yīng)用2003年，我國水泥產(chǎn)量達(dá)8億噸，是目前世界上水泥產(chǎn)量最大的國家。水泥廠中有許多生產(chǎn)過程容易產(chǎn)生粉塵，如果不加以控制，這些粉塵會(huì)對工作人員的身體健康造成一定的隱患，特別是在礦山與生料磨系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)生的活性二氧化硅，可導(dǎo)致硅肺病等職業(yè)病的發(fā)生。粉塵如果落到機(jī)器上，會(huì)加速各種機(jī)件的磨損，縮短設(shè)備的使用壽命，降低控制設(shè)備的精度及可靠性，建筑物中積灰過多會(huì)造成增加負(fù)荷，影響外觀，農(nóng)作物如果受到粉塵污染會(huì)造成減產(chǎn)。粉塵如果不進(jìn)行回收，會(huì)增加原料、燃料及動(dòng)力消耗，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，水泥生產(chǎn)中粉塵的含量大約為612%左右。由此可見做好水泥廠收塵工作，對保護(hù)人體健康、提高生產(chǎn)效率、降低生產(chǎn)成本、保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境有著非常重要意義。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，目前，水泥工業(yè)廢氣治理常用設(shè)備主要有電除塵器、袋式除塵器、旋風(fēng)除塵器及濕式除塵器幾類。其中，電除塵器以其具有除塵效率高、凈化氣體量大、可凈化高溫?zé)煔?、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、壓力損失小和自動(dòng)化程度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，被廣泛地用于水泥廠煙氣除塵。由于電除塵器的除塵效率受粉塵物理性質(zhì)及其它因素影響較大，特別是粉塵比電阻的影響更為突出，許多水泥廠存在著除塵器的除塵效率不穩(wěn)定的現(xiàn)象，如何使電除塵器在水泥廠中穩(wěn)定高效運(yùn)行是許多水泥廠一直未能很好解決的技術(shù)問題。研究認(rèn)為，從理論上講，影響水泥廠電除塵器除塵效率的因素主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面：粉塵的比電阻、氣體溫度、濕度、含塵氣體的流量和流速、含塵濃度、氣流分布均勻性以及除塵器本身的結(jié)構(gòu)等11?；谏鲜鲈?，研究針對提高電除塵器在水泥廠除塵效率的措施及其應(yīng)用問題提出了具體辦法。提高水泥廠電除塵器除塵效率的措施主要包括：對煙氣進(jìn)行調(diào)質(zhì)處理，采取噴霧增濕、加入化學(xué)添加劑，降低粉塵比電阻，以適合電除塵器工作；改變電除塵器供電方式，采用新型電除塵器結(jié)構(gòu)；利用電除塵器處理水泥磨產(chǎn)生的含塵氣體時(shí)，電除塵器的極板會(huì)因煙氣侵襲而在金屬表面產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重腐蝕，極板應(yīng)選用不含硅的優(yōu)質(zhì)碳素鋼制造，在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)減少除塵器漏風(fēng)的可能性；對于由于電暈封閉導(dǎo)致電除塵器除塵效率下降的現(xiàn)象，可以采取二次除塵的辦法來解決，降低電除塵器入口的含塵濃度，在含塵氣體進(jìn)入電除塵器之前，先經(jīng)過旋風(fēng)除塵器或其它除塵設(shè)備進(jìn)行預(yù)處理，以降低電除塵器的含塵濃度；除塵器應(yīng)處于微負(fù)壓狀態(tài)下工作，以減少電除塵器的漏風(fēng)率；鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的殼體在鋼板安裝時(shí)要采用連續(xù)焊接，焊縫的密閉性應(yīng)采用煤油滲透法進(jìn)行檢查，任何不合格的部位均應(yīng)重新補(bǔ)焊。殼體上的檢查門上密封壓條需選用耐熱性能良好的硅橡膠，檢查門上應(yīng)有保溫夾層，為防止漏風(fēng)，應(yīng)采用雙層檢查門；電除塵器內(nèi)部構(gòu)件應(yīng)涂以導(dǎo)電性能良好的耐腐蝕涂料等。通過上述措施的實(shí)施，可達(dá)到提高電除塵器除塵效率的目的。研究認(rèn)為，增濕塔噴水后，電除塵器除塵效率提高的主原因是由于噴水后，增大了廢氣粉塵濕度，降低了廢氣溫度，改變了粉塵的物理性質(zhì)，降低了粉塵比電阻值，適應(yīng)了電除塵器技術(shù)要求。增濕塔工作性能的好壞是干法回轉(zhuǎn)窯窯尾除塵系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵，增濕塔噴水是一種簡單易行的方法，對于提高電除塵器的除塵效率起到重要的作用。由于經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，水平有限、時(shí)間倉促，許多問題可能闡述不夠清楚，這些都有待于在進(jìn)一步的研究中加以改進(jìn)，本人愿在本次研究的基礎(chǔ)上，繼續(xù)探索，尋找更多有效提高電除塵器除塵效率的方法。附錄B外文文獻(xiàn)StudyandApplicationonImprovingDustCollectionEfficiencyofElectrostaticPrecipitationsintheCementPlantIn2003,thecementproductionofourcountryamountedto800milliontons,whichuptonowwasthelargestoutputofcementofthecountriesintheworld.Dusthasbeeneasilyproducedatmanyplacesinacementplant,which,ifnotcontrolledwouldcausemanyhiddendangerstothehealthoftheworkers；Especially,occupationaldiseasessuchassilicosisdiseasewouldbecausedbyactivatedproducedfrommineandnowmaterialpolishsystems.Ifthedusthasfallenonthemachine,itwouldquickenthewearandtearofallkindsofworks,wouldshortenthelifespanandrunningrateoftheinstrument,andwouldreduceprecisionandreliabilityofthecontrollinginstrument；Iftherewasmuchdustinthebuildings,theshoulderwouldincreaseandtheoutwardappearancewouldbeaffected；Ifcropswerepollutedbydust,theoutputwouldbereduced.Ifdustwerenotretrieved,ifwouldincreasetheconsumptionsofrawmaterial、fuelandmotivepower.Onthebasisofstatistics,thecontentofdustintheproductionofcementisabout6to12percent.Theseshowthatdoingwellinthesuckingupworkofcementplantshasveryimportantmeaningforprotectingpeopleshealthy,improvingproductionefficiency,reducingproductioncostandprotectingecologyenvironment.ResearchMethodologyTheresearchmethodologyisonthebasisofdustremovingefficiencyofelectricitydustremoverislargelyinfluencedbythephysicalpropertiesandotherfactorsofdust,especiallytheinfluenceofdustproportionresistanceismoreprotruding,thedustremovingefficiencyforthedustremoverinmanycementplantsappearsunstable.Howtomaketheelectricitydustremoverrunningwithstabilityandwithhighefficiencyisathroughoutunsolvedtechnicalprobleminmanycementplants.Theresearchthoughttheoreticallythatthemainfactorsinfluencingthedustremovingefficiencyofelectricitydustremoverofcementplantswere:volumeandvelocityofflowofdustgas,consistencyofdust,proportionresistanceofdust,temperatureofgas,humidifier,homogeneityoftheaircurrentdistribution,structureofthedustremoverandetc11.Themainmethodstoimprovedustremovingefficiencyoftheelectricityprecipitationincementplantsinclude:handlethesmokewithmodulationadoptsprayingtoincreasehumidifier,addinchemicaladditives,reduceratioelectricresistanceofdust,soastofittheworkofelectricityprecipitation；Changethewayofsupplyingelectricityofelectricityprecipitation,adoptsomenewstructuresoftheelectricityprecipitation；Whenthedustgasevolvedincementpolishistreatedwithelectricityprecipitation,itsplatewouldreceivehitofsmokethusemergingseriouscorrosiononthesurfaceofthemetal,sotheplatemustbemadefromthehighgradecarbonsteelwithnosiliconinit,anditmastdecreasethepossibilityofprecipitationleakairwhendesigningitsstructure；Forthedecreasingphenomenonofdustremovingefficiencyoftheelectricityprecipitationowingtoelectricityseal,onewouldadoptthesecondmanyofremovingdusttosolve,reducethedustconcentrationintheentranceofelectricityprecipitation,andbeforethedustgascomesintotheelectricityprecipitation,itmustbepretreatedbypassingtheprecipitationofwhirlwindorotherdustremovinginstrumentssoastoreduceconsistencyofdustofelectricityprecipitation；Theprecipitationshouldbeinastateofminutenegativepressuretoworktodecreaseleakairrateofelectricityprecipitation；Theshellofsteelstructureshouldadoptsoldercontinuouslywhenthesteelplateissetup,itshouldadoptthewayofkerosenepermeatetocheckuptheairtightofweldingseam,andanyunqualifiedparthastobesolderedagain.Theinspectiondoorontheshellairtightlay