外文翻譯 土木工程 英文文獻(xiàn) 文獻(xiàn)翻譯

外文原文STAGEOFCONSTRUCTIONCOSTCONTROLCONSTRUCTIONENTERPRISESINENGINEERINGCONSTRUCTIONOFACONSTRUCTIONPROJECTCOSTMANAGEMENTISTHEFOUNDATIONOFTHEENTERPRISESURVIVALANDTHEDEVELOPMENTANDTHECOREOFTHECONSTRUCTIONSTAGEDOESWELLTHECOSTCONTROLTOACHIEVETHEPURPOSEOFINCREASINGEARNINGSISTHEPROJECTACTIVITIESMOREIMPORTANTLINK,THISPAPERWILLCARRYONTHEELABORATIONTOTHISQUESTION,SOTHATINENTERPRISEPRODUCTIONANDMANAGEMENTPLAYADIRECTIVEROLESOINTHEPROJECTCONSTRUCTIONCOSTCONTROLWHATARETHECONTENTTHEAUTHORTHROUGH10YEARSOFWORKEXPERIENCE,ANDANALYSISHASTHEFOLLOWINGASPECTSCONTRACTASPECTSACCORDINGTOCONSTRUCTIONDRAWING,CONTRACTINGCONTRACTASTHEBASIS,ACCORDINGTOTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHECONTRACTPROJECT,QUALITY,PROGRESSINDEX,COMPILEDINDETAILTHECONSTRUCTIONORGANIZATIONDESIGN,THISASTHEBASISOFCOSTPLANTHEPROJECTISINTHECONTRACTANDTHEEXISTENCEOFTHECHANGEOFCOMPONENTPROJECT,REPORTTOASFARASPOSSIBLEINCREASESTHEPROJECTINCOMEUSECONTRACTRIGHTSGRANTEDREASONABLEINCREASEINCOMEANDREDUCEEXPENDITURETECHNICALASPECTSFIRSTOFALL,ACCORDINGTOTHEACTUALSITUATIONOFCONSTRUCTIONSITE,SCIENTIFICPLANNINGOFTHECONSTRUCTIONSITELAYOUT,TOREDUCETHEWASTEANDSAVEMONEYTOCREATECONDITIONSBASEDONITSTECHNICALSUPERIORITY,FULLYMOBILIZETHEENTHUSIASMOFMANAGEMENTPERSONNEL,ANDCARRYOUTTHEMENTIONREASONABLESUGGESTIONACTIVITIES,THEEXPANSIONOFNEARLYMAYCOSTCONTROLOFSCOPEANDDEPTHQUALITYANDSECURITYINSTRICTACCORDANCEWITHTHEENGINEERINGTECHNICALSPECIFICATIONSANDRULESOFSAFEOPERATIONMANAGEMENT,REDUCEANDELIMINATEQUALITYANDSAFETYACCIDENTS,MAKEALLSORTSOFLOSSISREDUCEDTOTHEMINIMUMMACHINERYMANAGEMENTACCORDINGTOTHEREQUIREMENTSOFPROJECTSCIENTIFIC,REASONABLESELECTIONOFMACHINERY,GIVEFULLPLAYTOTHEMECHANICALPERFORMANCEBEREASONABLEARRANGEMENTCONSTRUCTIONINORDERTOIMPROVETHEUTILIZATIONRATEOFTHEMACHINERY,REDUCEMACHINEFEECOSTREGULARMAINTENANCEMACHINERY,IMPROVETHEINTEGRITYRATEOFTHEMACHINERY,PROVIDEGUARANTEEFORTHEWHOLEPROGRESSFORTHERENTMUSTBETHEMECHANICALEQUIPMENT,TOIMPROVEMARKETRESEARCHTOUCHBOTTOMTHEMATERIALASPECTSMATERIALPURCHASINGSHOULDBEABIDEDBY“QUALITY,LOWPRICEANDSHORTDISTANCEOFTHEPRINCIPLEOF“APPROACHTOCORRECTMATERIALSMEASUREMENT,SERIOUSACCEPTANCE,THEMAXIMUMLIMITREDUCEDPURCHASINGMANAGEMENTINTHEPROCESSOFCONSUMPTIONACCORDINGTOTHECONSTRUCTIONSCHEDULESCIENCEORGANIZATIONTHEUSEOFMATERIALPLAN,AVOIDDOWNTIMESHOULDPHENOMENONMATERIALDRAWINGSHALLBESTRICTLYCONTROLLED,REGULARINVENTORY,GRASPSTHEACTUALCONSUMPTIONANDTHEPROGRESSOFTHEPROJECTSCONTRASTDATAFORINTHERECOVERYTURNOVERMATERIALS,SORTING,COMPLETEDWITHTIMELYANDEXITS,LIKETHISISADVANTAGEOUSTOTHETURNOVERUSEANDREDUCETHELEASEFEES,ANDREDUCETHECOSTANDADMINISTRATIVEMANAGEMENTFIRSTTOSTREAMLINEMANAGEMENTINSTITUTIONS,AVOIDOVERSTAFFING,REDUCEUNNECESSARYSALARYEXPENSESCONTROLBUSINESSEXPENSESANDSOONEACHUNPRODUCTIVESPENDINGNUMBERSTHEADMINISTRATIVEOFFICEOFTHEMATERIALSWITHPROPERTY,ALLONTHECARDUSES,PREVENTDAMAGEANDLOSS,ANDFINANCIALASPECTSTHEFINANCIALDEPARTMENTISANIMPORTANTPARTOFTHECOSTCONTROL,MAINLYTHROUGHTHESPENDINGREVIEWALLTHEEXPENSES,BALANCESCHEDULINGFUNDSANDESTABLISHINGVARIOUSAUXILIARYRECORDSANDHARDWORKINGWITHALLDEPARTMENTCOSTIMPLEMENTATIONMETHODSUCHASTHEINSPECTIONANDSUPERVISION,ANDTHEENGINEERINGCOSTANALYSISOFALLROUNDANDPROVIDEFEEDBACKTODECISIONMAKINGDEPARTMENTS,INORDERTOTAKEEFFECTIVEMEASURESTOCORRECTTHEDEVIATIONOFTHEPROJECTCOSTMOREFROMSEVENASPECTSOFSIMPLEDESCRIBEDTHECONTENTOFTHERESPONSIBILITYCOSTMANAGEMENT,SOINTHECONSTRUCTIONOFHOWTOSPECIFICIMPLEMENTATION,WHICHWENEEDTOMASTERTHEDYNAMICCONTROLOFTHECONSTRUCTIONPROJECTCOSTINSHORT,THECONSTRUCTIONPROJECTCOSTCONTROLISACOMPLICATEDSYSTEMENGINEERINGCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTCOSTCONTROL,THENEEDFORFLEXIBLEUSEOF,THEACTUALOPERATIONSHOULDADJUSTMEASURESTOLOCALCONDITIONS,DIFFERENTPROJECTSIZE,DIFFERENTCONSTRUCTIONENTERPRISE,DIFFERENTMANAGEMENTSYSTEMHAVEDIFFERENCES,BUTNOMATTERHOWCONSTRUCTIONENTERPRISETOMANAGEPRODUCTIONISTHECONSUMPTIONOFHUMANRESOURCES,MATERIALRESOURCESANDCOST,GUIDANCE,SUPERVISIONANDREGULATIONANDRESTRICTIONS譯文施工階段成本控制建筑施工企業(yè)在工程建設(shè)中實(shí)行施工項(xiàng)目成本管理是企業(yè)生存和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)和核心，在施工階段搞好成本控制，達(dá)到增收節(jié)支的目的是項(xiàng)目經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)中更為重要的環(huán)節(jié)，本文將對(duì)這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行論述，以便在企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)中起指導(dǎo)作用。那么在工程建設(shè)中成本控制都有哪些內(nèi)容呢分析總結(jié)有以下幾方面合同方面依據(jù)施工圖，承包合同為依據(jù)，根據(jù)合同要求的工程項(xiàng)目、質(zhì)量、進(jìn)度等指標(biāo)，詳細(xì)地編制好施工組織設(shè)計(jì)，以此作為制定計(jì)劃成本的基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)合同中的暫定項(xiàng)目和存在變更的分項(xiàng)工程，及時(shí)申報(bào)。盡可能的增加工程收入。用合同賦予的權(quán)利合理的增加收入，減少支出。技術(shù)方面首先根據(jù)施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的實(shí)際情況，科學(xué)規(guī)劃施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的布置，為減少浪費(fèi)，節(jié)約開(kāi)支創(chuàng)造條件；依據(jù)自身的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，充分調(diào)動(dòng)管理人員的積極性，開(kāi)展提合理化建議活動(dòng)，近可能的擴(kuò)大成本控制的范圍和深度。質(zhì)量和安全方面；嚴(yán)格按照工程技術(shù)規(guī)范和安全操作規(guī)程辦事，減少和消滅質(zhì)量和安全事故的發(fā)生，使各種損失減少到最低限度。機(jī)械管理方面根據(jù)工程的需要科學(xué)、合理的選用機(jī)械，充分發(fā)揮機(jī)械的效能；要合理的安排施工段落，以期提高現(xiàn)場(chǎng)機(jī)械的利用率，減少機(jī)械費(fèi)成本；定期保養(yǎng)機(jī)械，提高機(jī)械的完好率，為整體進(jìn)度提供保證。對(duì)于必須外租的機(jī)械設(shè)備，要搞好市場(chǎng)調(diào)查摸底材料方面材料采購(gòu)要遵循“質(zhì)量好、價(jià)格低、運(yùn)距短”的原則，進(jìn)場(chǎng)材料要正確計(jì)量，認(rèn)真驗(yàn)收，最大限度的減少采購(gòu)過(guò)程中的管理消耗。根據(jù)施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃科學(xué)組織材料的使用計(jì)劃，避免停工待料現(xiàn)象發(fā)生；材料的領(lǐng)用應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制，定期盤點(diǎn)，隨時(shí)掌握實(shí)際消耗和工程進(jìn)度的對(duì)比數(shù)據(jù)；對(duì)于周轉(zhuǎn)材料要及時(shí)回收、整理，使用完畢及時(shí)退場(chǎng)，這樣有利于周轉(zhuǎn)使用和減少租賃費(fèi)用，從而降低成本。行政管理方面首先要精簡(jiǎn)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，避免人浮于事，減少不必要的工資性支出；控制業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)等各項(xiàng)非生產(chǎn)性開(kāi)支的數(shù)量。行政辦公用的財(cái)產(chǎn)物資，一律登卡使用，防止損壞和流失；財(cái)務(wù)方面財(cái)務(wù)部門是成本控制的重要組成部分，主要是通過(guò)審核各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用的支出，平衡調(diào)度資金以及建立各項(xiàng)輔助記錄和配合經(jīng)理部對(duì)各部門成本