wn英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法詳解fb

虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法薈萃一概念虛擬語(yǔ)氣是指和現(xiàn)實(shí)情況相反的假設(shè)，是對(duì)真實(shí)情況的主觀臆想或是一種主觀愿望。二虛擬語(yǔ)氣涉及的情況1用在由IF引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中。條件句分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句。A真實(shí)條件句即條件是可實(shí)現(xiàn)的客觀事實(shí)或者真實(shí)情況。如IFYOUHEATICE,ITMELTS融化IFIMAKEAPROMISE,IKEEPITIFWECATCHTHEEARLYBUS,WEWILLSHALL,CAN,MAY,GETTHEREBYLUNCHTIMEIFITISFINETOMORROW,WECANPLAYBASKETBALL客觀事實(shí)IFITRAINS,IGOTOSCHOOLONFOOTBIF引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中，即虛擬條件句中。主要涉及到對(duì)三種情況的虛擬對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬；對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬；對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)變化符合“倒退一步法”。對(duì)過(guò)去真實(shí)情況的虛擬，或者對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)完全相反的假設(shè)公式IFHADVED分詞（從句）,WOULD（COULD,MIGHT,SHOULD）HAVEVED分詞（主句）如IFWEHADSTARTEDEARLIER,WESHOULDNOTHAVEMISSEDTHETRAINIFSHEHADNTBEENILL,SHEMIGHTHAVECOMEIFTHEYHADHELPEDUS,WEWOULDHAVEFINISHEDTHETASK實(shí)際上沒(méi)幫IFIHADMADEGOODPREPATATION,IWOULDNTHAVELOSTTHEJOB對(duì)現(xiàn)在真實(shí)情況的虛擬，或者對(duì)現(xiàn)在真實(shí)情況相反的假設(shè)公式IFV過(guò)去式BE多用WERE,WOULD/SHOULD/COULD/MIGHT動(dòng)詞原形IFIWEREABIRD,IWOULDFLYTOTHETOPOFMOUNTHUAIFIHADTIME,IWOULDGOTOTHEMOVIESWITHYOU實(shí)際上沒(méi)時(shí)間IFIHADENOUGHMONEY,IWOULDBUYTHATNEWTOYFORYOU對(duì)將來(lái)情況相反的假設(shè)公式IF。動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/SHOULD動(dòng)詞原形/WERETO動(dòng)詞原形,。WOULD/SHOULD/COULD/MIGHT動(dòng)詞原形IFITSHOULD/WERETO/RAINTOMORROW,IWOULDSTAYATHOME下雨的可能性很小IFKOBESHOULDCOMETOOURVILLAGE,IWOULDTAKEPHOTOSWITHHIM注意虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝語(yǔ)序上述1,2,3三種時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬句中,如果IF從句里含有SHOULD,HAD,WERE或其他助動(dòng)詞,則可將從屬連詞IF省去,將助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞BE或HAVE放在句首形成部分倒裝IFIHADTIME,IWOULDHAVEDONETHATYESTERDAYHADIHADTIME,IWOULDHAVEDONETHATYESTERDAYIFIWEREYOU,IWOULDGOTOTHEPARTYWEREIYOU,IWOULDGOTOTHEPARTYIFITSHOULDRAINTOMORROW,IWOULDSTAYATHOMESHOULDITRAINTOMORROW,IWOULDSTAYATHOME2）錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間IF虛擬條件句通常情況下,在非真實(shí)條件句中主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間是一致的,但有時(shí)也可能指不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式如IFIWEREYOU,IWOULDHAVETAKENHISADVICE從句指一般情況,主句指過(guò)去IFIHADTAKENMYRAINCOATWITHMETHISMORNING,IWOULDNOTBEWETNOW從句指過(guò)去,主句指現(xiàn)在IFIHADBOUGHTTHATTICKETLASTNIGHT,IWOULDGOTOTHETHEATER劇院WITHYOUTOMORROW3）THAT從句及其他特殊句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣A在SUGGEST,ORDER（命令）DEMAND（要求）,REQUEST（要求），REQUIRE（要求），PROPOSE（建議）,MOVE（提議），COMMAND,（指揮）,RECOMMEND（推薦）,DECIDE,INSIST（堅(jiān)持）,DESIRE（渴望）,URGE（督促）等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中要用“SHOULD動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示愿望,建議,命令,要求等注意由上述動(dòng)詞派生或轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞形式，如SUGGESTION,PROPOSAL,PLAN,MOTION,RECOMMENDATION,DEMAND,ORDER,DESIRE,REQUEST,REQUIREMENT,INSISTENCE,ADVICE,DECISION,）等的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中也要用相應(yīng)的虛擬形式如賓語(yǔ)從句如下表HEORDERED（THAT）ALLTHEBOOKSSHOULDBESENTATONCEIPROPOSETHATHESHOULDBECHOSENASTHEMONITOR班長(zhǎng)THETEACHERDEMANDEDTHATALLTHESTUDENTSSHOULDHANDINTHEIRNOTEBOOKSAFTERCLASSTHEDOCTORINSISTED/DECIDEDTHATHESHOULDNOTEATMEAT表語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)從句如下表HISORDERWASTHATALLTHEBOOKSSHOULDBESENTATONCE表語(yǔ)從句HEGAVETHEORDERTHATALLTHEBOOKSSHOULDBESENTATONCE同位語(yǔ)從句MYPROPOSEWASTHATHESHOULDBECHOSENASTHEMONITOR表語(yǔ)從句THETEACHERSDEMANDWASTHATALLTHESTUDENTSSHOULDHANDINTHEIRNOTEBOOKSAFTERCLASS（表語(yǔ)從句）THEDOCTORSDECISIONTHATHESHOULDNOTEATMEATWASREASONABLE合理的B在ITIS/WAS某些形容詞THAT從句的句型中,THAT從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即“SHOULD動(dòng)詞原形”。這些形容詞有IMPORTANT,NECESSARY（必要的）,ESSENTIAL（關(guān)鍵的，及其重要的）,IMPERATIVE（必需的）,NATURAL,STRANGE,ADVISABLE（可取的，明智的）,DESIRABLE（可取的）,POSSIBLE,PROBABLE（很可能的）,ASTONISHING（令人震驚的）,SURPRISING,DESIRED,SUGGESTED（被建議的）,REQUESTED,（被要求的）RECOMMENDED（被推薦的）,ORDERED,PROPOSED,DECIDED,OBLIGATORY（義不容辭的,必須的,MOVED（被提議的）等如ITISNECESSARY/ESSENTIAL/IMPERATIVE/IMPORTANTTHATHESHOULDBEGIVENTHECHANCEITSORDEREDTHATHESHOULDCOMEBACKWITHOUTDELAY他被命令不許回來(lái)遲了。ITSVERYESSENTIALTHATWESHOULDLEARNTOSPEAKENGLISHUNDERTHEBACKGROUNDOFECONOMICGLOBALIZATIONITSADVISABLETHATHESHOULDTAKEPARTINTHEPARTY注意SHOULD動(dòng)詞原形或完成形式”可表示驚奇,遺憾,懷疑,不滿等。I用于EXPECT,BELIEVE,THINK,SUSPECT等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問(wèn)形式后的賓語(yǔ)從句中如INEVEREXPECTEDTHATTHENEWAPARTMENTSHOULDBESOSMALLII用于“ITISAPITY,ITISASHAME,ITISNOWONDER等THAT”等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句中如ITISAPITYTHATHESHOULDBESOCARELESSIII在由FORFEARTHAT,INCASE,LEST（以防）等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,用“SHOULD動(dòng)詞原形”表示“惟恐，防備，推測(cè)”的意思SHOULD可以省略。EGHEHANDLEDTHEINSTRUMENTWITHCAREFORFEARTHATITSHOULDBEDAMAGEDHEWALKEDOUTOFTHEROOMQUIETLYLESTHISMOTHERSHOULDNOTICEHIM4）用在WISH之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。表示現(xiàn)在的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，BE換成WEREIWISHIWERENOTATTHEPARTY我希望現(xiàn)在自己沒(méi)在這個(gè)晚會(huì)上。表示過(guò)去的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或COULDHAVEVEDIWISHIHADSTUDIEDHARDERLASTTERM我希望上學(xué)期我學(xué)習(xí)更努力就好了。表示將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句謂語(yǔ)用WOULDVIWISHHEWOULDINVITEMETOTHEPARTYTHISWEEKEND5用在ITISABOUTHIGHTIMETHAT從句中（表示應(yīng)該做，但還沒(méi)做）。THAT從句的謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，THAT可省略。如ITSHIGHTIMEWEWENTTOBED6在WOULDRATHER,WOULDSOONER寧愿,WOULDJUSTASSOON寧愿的賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種情況表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)虛擬時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如IWOULDRATHERYOUCAMENEXTWEEKINSTEADOFTODAY表示過(guò)去虛擬用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如；IWOULDRATHERTHATIHADNTFINISHEDTHETASK7在“ASIF/ASTHOUGH”引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與WISH的賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬形式相同如HEWORKSWITHSUCHENTHUSIASM（熱情）ASIFHENEVERKNEWFATIGUE（疲勞）HESPEAKSENGLISHASTHOUGHHEWEREANAMERICAN注意若ASIF從句表示的是真實(shí)情況，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，照常用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如ITSEEMSASIFTHEYKNOWEACHOTHER真實(shí)情況ITSEEMSASTHOUGHITWEREALREADYSPRING虛擬語(yǔ)氣8）用在IFONLY（要是。就好了）引起的感嘆句中EGIFONLYTH