非謂語動詞復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn).ppt

1、The Non-Predicate Verbs,非謂語動詞形式,非謂語動詞種類 非謂語動詞定義 在英語中，不作句子謂語，而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞，叫做非謂語動詞。 非謂語動詞形式有 動詞不定式(the Infinitive) - to do 動名詞(the Gerund) - doing 現(xiàn)在分詞(the Present Participle) - doing 過去分詞(the Past Participle) - done,非謂語動詞的句法功能,一、作主語 1. 不定式 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 動詞不定式短語作主

2、語時, 常用形式主語 it 作形式主語 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It is + 形容詞 (+ of / for sb.) + to do sth. 通常用of 的詞有 brave, clever, careful, hopeless, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, naughty, kind, good, generous, nice, considerate, thoughtful 等。 It is very hard for those who have never been to

3、the small village to describe its beauty. It was generous of Rick to donate $1,000 to the Hope Project.,一、作主語 2. 動名詞 Taking exercise early in the morning has become part of her retired life. He recognized that donating blood requires little work and virtually no pain while helping save lives. 當(dāng)動名詞短語

4、作主語時常用it作形式主語。 Its no use quarrelling with them. 有時加上該動名詞的執(zhí)行者或承受者作其邏輯主語，邏輯主語通常是名詞的所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞 Peters coming late made the president angry. Your passing the exam will please all your family.,二、作表語 1. 不定式 The only difficulty is to get more orchids. He appears to have caught a cold. Many problems sti

5、ll remain to be solved. What he could do then was (to) find a doctor. 2. 動名詞 The only difficulty is getting more orchids. One of the ways would be moving the concert hall to another place.,二、作表語 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞 The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. The present situation is inspiring. 4. 過去分詞 They

6、were frightened at the terrible sight. The window is broken. 現(xiàn)在分詞表“令人” ，過去分詞表“感到” amazing / amazed; confusing / confused 只用過去分詞，表示狀態(tài)、特點(diǎn)等 upset, distinguished, married, experienced, crowded, unexpected,三、作賓語 1. 常跟不定式的動詞 afford, agree, aim, ask, appear, choose, dare, decide, decline, desire, determine

7、, expect, fail, happen, hope, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, undertake, volunteer, wish, hesitate, long, bother, tend, trouble 等 2. 常跟動名詞的動詞 acknowledge, admit, advocate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, fancy, forgive, f

8、inish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, resist, risk, suggest, understand 等,The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ (catch). I would appreciate _ (you, call) back this afternoon. We have to do something to stop wild animals _ (kill). Were considering _ (practis

9、e) _ (speak) English in pairs after class. I dont want _ (sound) like Im speaking ill of anyone, but the managers plan is unfair. I hadnt expected _ (give) such a warm welcome.,being caught,your calling,being killed,to be given,to sound,practising,speaking,3. 兩者均可，差異不大(多用to do) attempt, begin, conti

10、nue, hate, intend, learn, like, love, prefer, start等 4.兩者均可，意義不同 forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean, cant help, be used to, go on 等動詞 He forgot _ (tell) me to post the letter. I shall never forget _ (find) that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. Remember _ (write) to us when you get there. S

11、he reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.,to write,finding,to tell,to rest,In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ (wait) for another hour. I regret _ (tell) you that I cant go to your birthday party. They regretted _ (agree) to the plan. He tr

12、ied _ (pretend) to share in the pleasure with his friend. She tried _ (read) a novel, but that couldnt make her forget her sorrow. I didnt mean _ (hurt) you. A friend indeed means _ (help) others for nothing in return. She didnt remember_ (meet)him before.,waiting,to tell,agreeing,to pretend,reading

13、,to hurt,helping,having met,9. She cant help _ (clean) the house because shes busy making a cake. 10. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ (persuade) into buying something they dont really need.,being persuade,(to) clean,5. 在SVOC句型中，用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語(不定式)后置，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面 We feel it our duty to help

14、 the needy. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見的人合作。(it) I find it hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. 他沒有說清楚他回來的時間. (it) He hasnt made it clear when he is coming back. 6.動名詞作need, want, require, be worth的賓語時，用主動式代替被動式。 The washing-machine needs repairing / to be repaired. The point want

15、s referring to.,常跟動名詞的短語 cannot stand be absorbed in congratulate sb. on have trouble (in) prevent sb. from spend time or money in waste time or money in There is no point in give up be worth feel like insist on keep on succeed in dream of accuse sb. of,to是介詞的常用固定結(jié)構(gòu) look forward to devoteto / be dev

16、oted to be / get used to get down to pay attention to be limited to amount to contribute to lead to refer to point to object to equal to belong to,The little boy entered the classroom without _ (notice). I apologize for _ (not, keep) my promise. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (s

17、et up) some schools for poor children. She looks forward every spring to _ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. He did nothing last Sunday but _ (repair) his bike. Only one of these books is worth _ (read).,setting up,not having kept,being noticed,walking,repair,reading,四、賓語補(bǔ)足語 1. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + to do st

18、h. want, wish, expect, desire, ask, tell, order, beg, advise, allow, permit, help, persuade, prepare, cause, force, oblige, invite, require, remind, inform, call on, wait for, arrange for, appeal to, depend on等 不用于此句型的動詞：demand, suggest, hope, agree 2. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + do sth. make, let, have, feel, hear

19、, listen to, see, look at, watch, notice, observe 等 I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.,四、賓語補(bǔ)足語 3. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + doing sth. have, get, keep, leave, feel, hear, listen to, find, see, look at, watch, notice, observe, catch等。 Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kep

20、t the car waiting at the gate. 4. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + done I heard the song sung several times last week.,He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ (interest) in his lectures. In the dream Peter saw himself _ (chase) by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. The sale

21、sman scolded the girl caught _ (steal) and let her off. They knew her very well. They had seen her_ (grow)up from childhood. John was made _ (wash) the truck for a week as a punishment. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ (invent) the first computer. The patient was warned _ (not, eat)oily foo

22、d after the operation.,interested,chased,stealing,grow,to wash,to have invented,not to eat,四、賓語補(bǔ)足語 5. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. Sorry. With my mind _ (fill) with so much work, I almost break down. Jo

23、hnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhis work _ (finish), hegladly acceptedit. With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,filling,filled,finished,to settle,五、定語 1.不定式 與所修飾名詞有動賓關(guān)系： I have an important meeting _ (attend). The child has nothing _ (w

24、orry). Have you got anything to be taken to your father? 說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容： We have made a plan _ (finish) the work this week. intention, promise, invitation, way, time, wish, idea chance, opportunity 等 被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語： China is the third country _ (send) a man into space.,to attend,to worry about,to ,to sen

25、d,五、定語 2.動名詞 He cant walk without a walking-stick. Is there a swimming pool in your school. The cave, his hiding-place, is secret. His habit, listening to the news on the radio, remains unchanged.,五、定語 3.現(xiàn)在分詞 單個分詞做定語時，放在名詞前，如果是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后。一般說來，having done, having been done 不作定語。 In the following ye

26、ars he worked even harder. The man speaking to the teacher is Toms father. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個定語從句的句法功能，如： in the following years 也可用 in the years that followed the man speaking 可改為 the man who is speaking There was a terrible noise _ (follow) the sudden burst of light. At present, there is a new supermark

27、et _ (build) in the south of the town.,following,being built,五、定語 4.過去分詞 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. Those elected as committee members will attend tomorrows meeting. Language experts claim that children _ (expose) to the English-speaking environment will pick up English quickly

28、. Look at his _ look. It seems as if he had met a _ tiger. (frighten),exposed,frightened,frightening,請用動詞 build 的適當(dāng)形式填空: The beautiful house over there _ last year _ now _ next year is intended for the aged people.,built,being built,to be built,The Town Hall _ (complete) in the 1800s was the most di

29、stinguished building at that time. The old man, _ (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. She is the only one to think there is no need _ (carry) out the plan. Were looking forward to attending the opening ceremony of the art festival _ (hold) tomorrow. When I got back

30、home I saw a message pinned to the door _ (say) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” Most of the people _ (invite) to the party were famous scientists. His anxiety _ (leave) the office was obvious.,completed,having worked,to carry,to be held,saying,invited,to leave,五、狀語 1. 不定式 (1) 表示目的 To keep us i

31、n good health, we should spare some time to do exercise every day. She sold her ring to buy her husband a present. 注意不定式放句首時，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致 Wrong: To save money, every means has been tried. right: To save money, he has tried every means. In order not to disturb his parents, he got up early and cooked

32、breakfast himself. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ (not, lose) his job.,in order not to lose,(2) 表示結(jié)果(常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)) He arrived at the airport, only _ (tell) the actress had left. The differences between American and British English are so trivial as hardly _ (notice). (3) 與形容詞連用 Its too dark

33、 for us _ (see) anything. The question is simple for him _ (answer).,to be told,to be noticed,to see,to answer,五、狀語 2. 分詞 While watching television, _. A. the doorbell rang B. we heard the doorbell ring C. the doorbell rings D. we heard the doorbell rings _ more attention, the trees could have grown

34、 better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given He dropped the glass, _ (break) it into pieces. Though _ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. Though _ of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.,told,breaking,raining,五、狀語 3. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) The children went home from the grammar school

35、, their lessons _ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished The field _ (plough), he began to spread seed. Time _ (permit), well do another two exercises. There _ (be) no bus, I had to walk home.,ploughed,permitting,being,五、狀語 4. 特殊形式作狀語 分詞類： Generally speaking 總的說來， Str

36、ictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說， Judging from / by 從判斷， Talking of 說到， Allowing for / Considering 考慮到， Counting 算上， Given 考慮到,不定式類： To tell (you) the truth, 老實(shí)說， To begin with, 首先， To be exact/ brief, 精確地說/簡言之， To conclude, To sum up, 總而言之， To do him justice, 說句對他公道的話， To make / cut a long story short, 長話短說， To make matters / things worse, 更糟的是， To say no