專題復(fù)習(xí)——連詞

1、專題復(fù)習(xí)：連詞(一) 知識(shí)概要連詞是一種在句子與句子之間，短語(yǔ)之間以及名詞等其他詞語(yǔ)之間起連接作用的虛詞，它不能單獨(dú)作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞連接的雙方是對(duì)等的。從屬連詞在初中范圍內(nèi)常常用來(lái)連接名詞性從句，如：that, if, whether, 其次用來(lái)連接狀語(yǔ)從句。其中有原因狀語(yǔ)從句，常用的連接詞有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 連接條件狀語(yǔ)的連詞有：if, unless, as long as 等，而原因狀語(yǔ)的連接詞有because, since,

2、 as, now that (既然)。目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點(diǎn)等狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：so that, sothat, suchthat, asas, than, where 它們?cè)诰渥优c文章中幾乎無(wú)處不見(jiàn)。一并列連詞和連詞短語(yǔ) 并列連詞用來(lái)連接平行的詞、詞組或從句。常見(jiàn)的連詞有and ,but ,or ,so ,bothand , eitheror ,neithernor , not only but also 等。1. and 1).and 表示 “和、且”在肯定句中連接并列的成分。 He is laughing and talking . 2).祈使句+ and , “and” 表示“

3、那么”之意。= If Study hard , and you will succeed .= _ _ study hard , you will succeed . 3).adj / adv + and + adj /adv 表示“漸漸”。 He makes mistakes again and again .2.but 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞，意為“但是” He is poor ,but honest .3.or 1).or 有 “或”的意思，表示一種選擇 Would you like tea or water ? 2). “祈使句,or ” or 表示否則。= If not , . . St

4、udy hard , or you will fail. = _ you _study hard , you will fail . 3).or 用在否定句中表示并列關(guān)系。 He cant read or write .4.both 1).both “兩者都”, 后面的名詞、動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)。 Both the answers are right . 2).both of . Both of us are students . 3).both and Both you and she are right .5.either/ either or 1).either “兩者當(dāng)中任何一個(gè)”,后有of

5、時(shí)接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，無(wú)of時(shí)接單數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。You may wear either of the hats. 2).either or “不是就是,或者 或者.”動(dòng)詞與臨近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。即 “就近原則”.Either you or he has to go = Either he or you have to go .6.neither /neither nor 1).neither “兩者當(dāng)中都不”,后有of 時(shí)接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，無(wú)of時(shí)接單數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Neither of the answers _(be) right . 2).neither .nor “既不

6、.也不”動(dòng)詞與臨近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。即 “就近原則”. Neither you nor I am right .= Neither I nor you are right .二從屬連詞從屬連詞是引導(dǎo)從句的連詞。1.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞1）.that 連接由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)變而來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句。2).who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how連接由特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)變而來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句。3).if/ whether 連接由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)變而來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句。2.引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞1).時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：when ,before ,after, until ,as soon as (主將

7、從現(xiàn))2).條件狀語(yǔ)從句：if , unless 3).原因狀語(yǔ)從句：because 4).方式狀語(yǔ)從句：than5).結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：so that ,such that6).讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：though /although 7).目的狀語(yǔ)從句：so that 3.不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中的連詞。 1).because ,so 不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里，只用其中之一。 Because in our school knew him ,so we had no trouble in finding him. 2).though /although ,but不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里，只用其中之一。但t

8、hough 可以與yet，still 同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中。 Though Australia is very large ,but the population is quite small.4.必須用whether 的情況。1).discuss 和介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句用whether . We are discussing _ well hold a meeting. Im worried about _she can come to the meeting 2).和不定式、or not 連用必須用whether . I dont know _ to leave or not . (二) 正誤

9、辨析誤 Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now.正 Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now.析 在英語(yǔ)中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意義也不同于漢語(yǔ)，如：Both of us are not right. 在英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)被理解為我們倆不都對(duì)。而Neither of us is right。才能被理解為我們倆無(wú)一正確。誤 He or his parents has some tickets for the f

10、ilm.正 He or his parents have some tickets for the film.析 由or 連接兩主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。誤 You should study hard, and you wont pass the exam.正 You should study hard, or you wont pass the exam.析 or作為連詞，這里的意思為否則。又如：Hurry up, or youll be late for school.誤 Though he is poor, but he is ready to help other

11、s.正 Though he is poor, he is ready to help others.正 He is poor, but he is ready to help others.析 雖然但是是中文中的常用結(jié)構(gòu)，但在英文中用了雖然則不要用但是，用了但是則不能再用雖然，二者只可用其一。誤 Either you or I are on duty.正 Either you or I am on duty.析 eitheror 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與相臨近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)，這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有or, neither nor, not onlybut also等。誤 Tom

12、is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now.正 Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now.析并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重復(fù)，但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。當(dāng)你連接的是兩個(gè)系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面的那個(gè)系動(dòng)詞不可省略，也就是講連接的部分不可省略。誤 My father likes swimming and to collect stamps.正 My father likes swimming and collec

13、ting stamps.析由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)部分要保持相等的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。如是動(dòng)名詞則都用動(dòng)名詞，如用不定式則都應(yīng)用不定式，這是初學(xué)者要注意的一點(diǎn)。誤 My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework.正 My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework.析 兩個(gè)并列句中間不可用逗號(hào)連接，要用并列連詞來(lái)連接。誤 My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive.正 My father asked

14、 me if I wanted to learn how to drive.析 賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞只能有一個(gè)不能重復(fù)使用。誤 We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai.正 We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai.析 用bothand作連接詞時(shí)，其相連接的部分結(jié)構(gòu)也要相同。誤 Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance.正 Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance.析 由not only b

15、ut also連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其重點(diǎn)在其后面的那一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)形式應(yīng)采用就近原則。誤 The teacher as well as his students are coming.正 The teacher as well as his students is coming.析 由as well as 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與as well as 后面的名詞無(wú)關(guān)，而與前面的名詞相一致。誤 Tom does not swim nor play football.正 Tom does not swim or play football.析 nor主要用于連接句子的對(duì)等連詞，如在否定句中連接某

16、一部分時(shí)要用or, 但要注意句子的含意，如：This animal does not like a cow or a horse. 這個(gè)動(dòng)物既不像牛也不像馬。This animal does not like a cow but a horse. 這個(gè)動(dòng)物不像牛而像馬。誤 For there is no light in the classroom. The students must have gone home.正 The students must have gone home, for there is no light in the classroom.析 由for引出的原因狀語(yǔ)從句

17、在使用時(shí)要注意不能將該從句置于句首，而應(yīng)置于主句之后，并在主句與從句之間加一逗號(hào)。更要注意的是because, as, since與for 4個(gè)表示原因的連詞中because是因果關(guān)系，是最強(qiáng)的一個(gè)，而for是最弱的一個(gè)。有些語(yǔ)法書(shū)中干脆把for叫做并列連詞誤 My brother will pass the English exam is no question.正 That my brother will pass the English exam is no question.析 主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that是不可省略的。這一點(diǎn)不要和賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞相提并論。誤 This map will

18、show you how will you get to the hotel.正 This map will show you how you will get to the hotel.析 名詞性從句作賓語(yǔ)從句使用時(shí)，最重要的一點(diǎn)是要用陳述語(yǔ)句。特別要注意的是那些使用雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如：tell, ask, show誤 While the clock struch ten, all the lights went out.正 When the clock struck ten, all the lights went out.析 while是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在同時(shí)進(jìn)行中，如：While I am

19、doing myhomework, my father is reading a newspaper. 而這里的when是正當(dāng)某某時(shí)刻，就在這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上，其重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一特定時(shí)刻某動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。誤 While I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend.正 When I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend.析這里用when表達(dá)在一個(gè)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行中，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生了。正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作用一進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而突然發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)態(tài)。誤 Whil

20、e I heard the bad news I felt sad.正 When I heard the bad news, I felt sad.析 while不能表達(dá)一點(diǎn)兒的時(shí)間，即瞬時(shí)某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。誤 After school some students play football, or others go to the library.正 After school some students play football, while others go to the library.析 while在此處意為而，然而。誤 She sang when she walked along th

21、e dark street.正 She sang as she walked along the dark street.析 as用于句中時(shí)，其要點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)進(jìn)行。這里用when雖然不能講是語(yǔ)法上的錯(cuò)誤，但則看不出來(lái)小女孩因獨(dú)自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。誤 I finished my homework until twelve oclock last night.正 I didnt finished my homework until twelve oclock last night.正 I did my homework until twelve oclock last ni

22、ght.析 until用在句中時(shí)其含義是某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某時(shí)結(jié)束，那么句中的動(dòng)詞則一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如果要用瞬間，或截止性動(dòng)詞時(shí)一定要用否定句式。因截止性動(dòng)作的否定式應(yīng)看作是持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。如離開(kāi)leave是瞬間動(dòng)作，因一出門即為離開(kāi)了，而不離開(kāi)則是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的。誤 I have studied English when I was twelve.正 I have studied English since I was twelve.析 since引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是表達(dá)了一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，而這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)是主句動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn)，所以主句一般要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。誤 Because he didnt study ha

23、rd, so he didnt pass the exam. 正 He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hard.析 because 與 so在英文中兩者不能并用的，只能在句中用其一。誤 He was such excited that he could not speak.正 He was so excited that he could not speak.析 so與such的用法可以分為四種情況，用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，其格式是such+不定冠詞+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，如：It is such a beautiful book that

24、 every child likes it. 也可以用so, 其格式是so+形容詞+不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，如：It was so beautiful a book that every child likes it. 在不可數(shù)名詞前或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前這時(shí)只能用such, 如：It is such good weather that we want to swim. 又如：They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. 在few, little， much, many 這4個(gè)字前只能用so而不能用such, 如：I

25、have so much money that I can buy everything I want. 當(dāng)that前只有形容詞或副詞時(shí)，這時(shí)只能用so, 如：She is so beautiful that every one likes her. He ran so fast that I couldnt keep up with him.誤 He got up earlier this morning so as to that he could catch the first bus.正 He got up earlier this morning so as to catch the

26、 first bus.正 He got up so earlier that he could catch the first bus.析 sothat與so that的用法有相同之處，那就是其后接從句，而so as to 其后要接不定式，即動(dòng)詞原形。這樣的詞組還有：in order to。誤 I want to buy same stamp that you have.正 I want to buy the same stamp as you have.析 the sameas (that)這是個(gè)固定用法，在same前的定冠詞是不能少的。而the samethat意為我要的就是那一個(gè)。而th

27、e sameas為要的是和一樣的東西。誤 Before I do not give you the answer, Ill ask you some questions.正 Before I give you the answer, Ill ask you some questions.析 這種錯(cuò)誤是由于受中文的影響。在中文中可以講我沒(méi)給你答案前。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。(三) 例題解析1 We bought Granny a present, she didnt like it.A. but B. andC. or D. so 答案 A. 析 由于句意的原因，應(yīng)選擇轉(zhuǎn)折連詞

28、。2 Run quickly, well miss the early train.A. and B. butC. so D. or 答案 D. 析 or這里應(yīng)譯為：否則。3 Ill give the book to him he comes back.A. since B. as soon asC. before D. until 答案 B. 析 as soon as 引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。4 Dont cross the road the light turns green.A. when B. whileC. until D. as 答案 C. 析 unt

29、il應(yīng)譯為直到才，因?yàn)榍懊娴钠硎咕錇榉穸ň洹Ｓ秩纾篠he did not go to bed until her mother came back. 應(yīng)譯為直到她媽媽回來(lái)她才睡覺(jué)。5 Miss Gao has been a teacher 1990.A. before B. afterC. since D. in 答案 C. 析 因?yàn)橹骶錇橥瓿蓵r(shí)，所以應(yīng)用 since表示該動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn)。6 - Which would you like better, tea milk?- Tea, please.A. but B. andC. or D. with 答案 C. 析 在疑問(wèn)句與否定句中應(yīng)用or來(lái)

30、表示一種選擇。7 We love spring theres beautiful flowers every where.A. though B. butC. or D. because 答案 D. 析 因?yàn)檫@里表示的是因果關(guān)系。8 Please leave 7, then youll be able to get there earlier.A. till, in B. from, /C. before, / D. behind, to 答案 C. 析 before為在之前離開(kāi)。9 The teacher didnt begin the lesson all the students sto

31、pped talking.A. until B. afterC. if D. because 答案 A. 析 這句應(yīng)譯為直到所有的學(xué)生都停止講話老師才開(kāi)始上課。因begin為瞬間動(dòng)詞，所以應(yīng)用否定句。10 Betty didnt go to see the film yesterday she was ill.A. but B. untilC. if D. because 答案 D. 析 這里是表示因果關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用because。因?yàn)樗×怂晕慈タ措娪啊?1 You must start right now, youll miss the train.A. for B. andC. so

32、D. or 答案 D. 析 or譯為否則。本句句意為：你必須馬上走了，否則要趕不上火車了。12 he is a child of six, he can read and write.A. Whose B. IfC. Though D. Because 答案 C. 析 這種狀語(yǔ)從句在英語(yǔ)中稱為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)譯為：雖然他才是個(gè)6歲的孩子，他卻可以讀書(shū)和寫(xiě)字。13 I like fish, chicken, eggs.A. and, and B. and, withC. /, and D. and, / 答案 C. 析 在有若干個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，每一個(gè)詞之間只用逗號(hào)連接，只在最后兩個(gè)詞之間加a

33、nd。如：The old man passed the street, went into a shop and bought some food。14 Take this dictionary with you you may use it in class.A. when B. in order toC. but D. so that 答案 D. 析 so that應(yīng)譯為為的是。本句句義為：帶上字典，為的是在上課時(shí)可能有用。而in order to 其后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Take this dictionary with you in order to use it in class。1

34、5 I hope will be fine tomorrow.A. it B. whatC. whether D. when 答案 A. 析 hope后接的是賓語(yǔ)從句，而且賓語(yǔ)從句中少主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用it來(lái)代替天氣。16 she was not well, I decided to go without her.A. Though B. AsC. When D. Because of 答案 B. 析 as這里應(yīng)譯為由于。全句意為：由于她不舒服，我決定不帶她去了。而because of 其后不能接從句只能接賓語(yǔ)。如： Because of the heavy rain, we decided not

35、to go。17 My aunt bought me many story books that I spent a lot of time them.A. suchon B. suchinC. tooin D soon 答案 D. 析 因many前只能用so來(lái)修飾，所以只能選擇D選項(xiàng)。而spendon something 為在某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢。如：She spent a lot of money on her clothes。18 Mother was cooking she a knock at the door.A. when, listen to B. while, listened

36、 toC. while, heard D. when, heard 答案 D. 析 when在這里應(yīng)譯為：就在那時(shí)，那一刻，那一瞬間。19 Speak slowly, we can understand you.A. and B. orC. if D. because 答案 A. 析 and這里是并列連詞，應(yīng)譯為：請(qǐng)講慢些這樣我們就會(huì)明白你的意思。20 Youll learn English well you put your heart into it.A. if B. soC. until D. or 答案 A. 析 本句譯為：如果你將心放在學(xué)習(xí)上，你就會(huì)將英語(yǔ)學(xué)好。這里的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象是從句中

37、用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。21 I wont let you in you show me your pass.A. until B. forC. since D. because 答案 A. 22 She didnt go to school she was ill.A. why B. becauseC. where D. but 答案 B. 練 習(xí)( )1._ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man. A. On B. At C. In( )2.Many people work _ the day and sleep _ night.A. on

38、 ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at( )3.He speaks Japanese best _ the boy students.A. between B. with C. among( )4.A wolf _ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy. A. with B. in C. on( )5.Joan hopes to come back _ three days.A. after B. for C. in( )6.They sent the letter to me _ mistake.A. by B. for C. with( )

39、7.He left home _ a cold winter evening.A. at B. on C. in( )8.Shanghai is _ the east of China.A. in B. on C. to( )9._ my fathers help, I have finished my composition.A. Under B. On C. with( )10.Hes very strict _ himself and hes very strict _ his work.A. with ; in B. in ; with C. with ; with( )11.I re

40、ally cant agree _ you.A. to B. on C. with( )12.The shop wont open _ nine in the morning.A. until B. at C. during( )13.How about _ the flowers now?A. watering B. are watering C. watered( )14.She spent all his money _ books.A. in B. with C. on( )15.They are talking _ low voices.A. with B. in C. on( )1

41、6.Its very kind _ you to help us.A. for B. to C. of( )17.What will you have _ breakfast this morning?A. with B. for C. by( )18.A plane is flying _ the city.A. on B. over C. above( )19.You are free to speak _ the meeting.A. at B. in C. on( )20.Mr. Green will stay in China_ Friday.A. to B. on C. till(

42、 )21.Its wrong to play tricks _ other people.A. on B. of C. with( )22.Which color do you like? I prefer blue _ red. A. for B. as C. to( )23.The student will give us a talk _ how to use our spare time. A. for B. on C. in( )24.I paid two hundred yuan _ that kind of bicycle. A. in B. for C. on( )25.The

43、 doctor is very kind _ his patients A. to B. on C. at( )26.We cant live _ air. A. in B. with C. without( )27.The child was afraid _ the strange sound.A. at B. for C. of( )28.He was very angry _ her for being late. A. for B. with C. at( )29.What do you think _ the play? A. about B. like C. of( )30.I

44、think its the right way to work out the problem, but I am not sure _ it. A. do B. for C. of( )31.Reading _ the sun isnt good _ you A. under ; for B. in ; for C. in ; to( )32.I wont ask about it, Im going to see it _ my own eyes. A. by B. for C. with( )33.We go to school every day _ Sunday. A. except

45、 B. without C. on( )34.There is a small river _ the two towns. A. in B. between C. among( )35.Li Lei sometimes falls asleep _ the lesson. A. for B. through C. during( )36.Mr. Black went to Paris _ a few days. A. for B. in C. after( )37.They will leave _ London next month. A. to B. from C. for( )38.A

46、re you going to the zoo _ bus or _ my car? A. on ; by B. by ; in C. on ; in( )39.He woke up several times _ the night A. in B. at C. on( )40.No one can stop her _ going away. A. of B. from C. out of( )41.What do you mean _ “bao zhi”? A. on B. with C. by( )42.Youll get a nice present _ your parents_

47、your birthday. A. from ; on B. for ; at C. frm ; in( )43.Light comes in _ the window. A. from B. across C. through( )44.There are many apples _ the tree. A bird _ the tree is picking an apple. A. in ; on B. on ; in C. in ; at( )45. “Who are you going to play _?” “Grade Two.” A. about B. by C. agains

48、t( )46. Dont go _ the street. The bus is coming. A. cross B. across C. past( )47.He lives _ the twentieth floor _ No. 154 Zhongshan Street. A. on ; at B. in ; in C. on ; in( )48.He found a piece of useful information _ the Internet. A. at B. on C. in( )49._ my surprise, he lost the game. A. With B.

49、To C. On( )50.The blind man knows the money _ touching and feeling it. A. with B. by C. through( )51. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on( )52. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her. A. beside B. about C. except D. with( )53. She

50、sent her friend a postcard _ a birthday present. A. on B. as C. for D. of( )54. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by( )55. -What is a writing brush, do you know? -Its _ writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by( )56. English is widely used _ travellers and business people all over the world. A. to B.