主謂一致三個(gè)原則;

1、agreement between subject and verb主謂一致主要有以下三個(gè)原則：1、語(yǔ)法一致原則（5種情況）2、意義一致原則（10種情況） 3、就近原則語(yǔ)法一致原則1and連接不同的人或事時(shí)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果連接的名詞指的是同一人或物, 或同一概念時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。 the singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. the knife and fork _on the table. 2. 不定式, 動(dòng)詞ing形式或主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。what he is doing seems very

2、important. collecting stamps is his hobby. 3. 定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 those who enjoy singing may join us. tom, who is your friend, should help you. i, who am a teacher, lack humor.4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, includin

3、g 如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語(yǔ)連用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化而變化。例如：the teacher together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 5. many a, more than one與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。many a boy has seen it. more than one student is required to redo the homework.意義一致原則1. 不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。all of the appl

4、es _rotten. all of the apple _rotten. 2. the rest of; half of; part of; the majority of等以及分?jǐn)?shù)、百分比 在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。half of the students _finished their composition. half of the water _(pollute). 3. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, audience, tea

5、m, government, group。his family _already_(move)to france. his family _all music lovers. 4. 某些名詞如people, police, cattle等,形式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指“民族”時(shí)是例外。the police_ searching for a thief. the cattle_eating grass on the hill.5. 不定代詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody等someone

6、 is asking for you. 6. 某些名詞如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses, pants, shorts等, 通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但當(dāng)它們被a pair of 修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。here _ a new pair of shoes for you.7 某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。 physics is a very interesting subject. 8. 以a number of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù); 以the number o

7、f 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。a number of new books are on the desk. the number of students in you class is 50.9. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞, 作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候, 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, chinese, japanese等。not every means is useful.。 not all means are useful. 10. 如果主語(yǔ)由“the + 形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有: the brav

8、e, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等就近原則either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:1. 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:between the two windows _（hang）a picture.2.a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語(yǔ)

9、作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)看后面的名詞。a large quantity of people _needed here.quantities of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:quantities of food (nuts)_ on the table.3. 表示數(shù)量的one and a half 后, 名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：one and a half bananas is left on the table.4. 書(shū)刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。thirty years i

10、s not a long time. roots is a famous american novel5. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短語(yǔ)中and連接的單數(shù)名詞, 整個(gè)短語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常使用單數(shù)。 each man and each woman is asked to attend. no sound and no voice is heard. 請(qǐng)用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。1. three years _ (have) passed since they met last time, an

11、d for them, three years_ (be) really a long time. 2. _ (be) everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon?3. my family _ (be) the largest one in our village. besides, my family _ (be) all party members.4. the whole class _ (be) now listening to the teacher attentively.5. the news _ (be) ve

12、ry exciting.6. to learn one or two foreign languages _ (be) very important nowadays.7. the last and most difficult lesson _ (be) lesson 14.8. i, who _ your friend, will try my best to help you.9. the scientist and engineer _ (have) invented a new machine. 10. alice，together with her friends，_ (be) p

13、unished for having broken the school rules. 11. every girl and every boy _ (have) the right to join the club. 12. _ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?neither she nor i_(be).13. ancient and modern history _ (be) the subjects we are studying.14. many a scientist _ (have) devoted thei

14、r lives to science.15. the old _ (be) respected in our country.選擇題：1one or two days _ enough to see the city ais bare c.am dbe2neither my wife nor i myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind ais bare cam dbe3not only i but also jane and mary _ tired of having one examination after ano

15、ther ais bare c.am dhave4not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film ais bare c.am dbe5nobody but betty and mary _ late for class yesterday awas bwere chas been dhave been6a woman with some children _ soon ais coming bare coming chas come dhave come7no one except my parents

16、 _ anything about this。 aknow bknows cis known dare known8the teacher as well as the students _ the book alreadyahas read bhave read care reading dis reading9all but one _ in the accident awas killed bwere killed cwill be killed dare killed 10. not only i but also jane and mary _ tired of having one

17、 examination after another. a. is b. are c. am d. be 11. a library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. a. is offered b. has offered c. are offered d. have offered12. when and where to build the new factory _ yet. a. was not decided b. are not decided c. has not decided d. have not decided 13. the number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. a. were; was b. was; was c. was; were d. were; were14. e-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. a . is playing b. have pl