研究生英語(yǔ)精讀教程 Eight.ppt

1、研究生英語(yǔ)精讀教程(第三版下),中國(guó)人民大學(xué)出版社,Unit Eight,l Am a Highbrow,1. Text,2. Exercise,3. Supplementary Reading,l Am a Highbrow*,Aldous Huxley,highbrow n. person with tastes and interests considered to be superior to those of most people雅士, 紳士, 自命不凡的人,Menu,Translation,Menu,Translation,1To a great extent, of cours

2、e, it is just a matter of taste. I am a highbrow for the same reason that I am an eater of strawberries. I enjoy the eating of strawberries and I enjoy the processes and experiences which are commonly qualified by the name of highbrow.,2Conversely, I am not a lowbrow*, because I do not enjoy lowbrow

3、 processes and experiences. Thus I derive a great deal less pleasure from jazz and thrillers* than from the music, let us say, of Beethoven or the novels, for example, of Dostoevsky;,lowbrow n. person having or showing little taste for or interest in intellectual things平民, 俗民, 庸俗的人 thriller n. one t

4、hat thrills, especially a sensational or suspenseful book, story, play or movie驚險(xiǎn)讀物,Menu,and the sex appeal of the girls on the covers of magazines seems to me less thrilling than the more complicated appeal to a great variety of feelings made by a Rubens, an EI Greco, a Constable, a Seurat.,Menu,Tr

5、anslation,3Again, I find the watching of horse racing or football matches less agreeable as an occupation than the acquisition* and co-ordination* of knowledge. Reading seems to me more entertaining than bridge or cross-word puzzles*.,acquisition n. the act of acquiring or getting獲得 co-ordination n.

6、 state of being brought or put into proper relation協(xié)調(diào), 調(diào)和 cross-word puzzles puzzles in which words have to be written縱橫字謎(一種填字游戲),Menu,And the slaughtering* of animals for fun is a pastime that leaves me either cold with disgust or hot with indignation.,slaughter vt. to kill cruelly or wrongly殘殺, 屠

7、殺,Menu,Translation,4There is no disputing, says the proverb*, about taste - though, in fact, human beings spend at least half their leisure doing nothing else - and if highbrowism and lowbrowism were exclusively (as it is certain that they are in great part) matters of individual taste, there would

8、be no more to say about them than what I have said in the preceding lines.,proverb n. a short well-known saying in popular language格言, 諺語(yǔ),Translation,Menu,5But more than mere taste is at stake; and, realizing this, the supporters of either party have rationalized* their preferences in terms of argum

9、ents that involve an appeal to more objective standards than those of a simple personal preference.,rationalisze v. treat or explain in a rational manner使合理；使合理化,Menu,Translation,6Thus lowbrows are never weary* of condemning highbrows for their inhumanity*, nor of admiring themselves for being so ad

10、mirably* human.,weary adj. (of)疲倦的, 勞累的 inhumanity n. harming other human beings殘酷, 暴虐 admirable adj. very good; excellent極好的;可敬佩的,Menu,At the same time they argue that they must be in the right because they are so much more numerous than the highbrows. To the attacks of the lowbrows (attacks which

11、have grown increasingly vocal* and violent in the course of the last few years) the highbrows generally reply in a tone of patronizing* contempt.,vocal adj. with or using the voice有聲音的 patronisze v. be condescending toward; act as patron towards對(duì)擺出屈尊俯就的樣子；光顧, 贊助,Menu,Translation,7They start, like th

12、e Pharisee in the parable*, by thanking God that they are not as other men are, and proceed to paint a picture of those other men, hardly more flattering than that which Swift painted of the Yahoos.,parable n. a short simple story which teaches a moral or religious lesson寓言,Menu,Then explicitly* or

13、implicitly*, they associate their highbrowism with virtue, and speak of their own learned refinements* as good and of their adversaries ignorance and crudity* as bad.,explicit adj. clear and fully expressed明確的 implicit adj. meant though not plainly expressed含蓄的 refinement n. the quality of being ref

14、ined優(yōu)雅，文雅 crudity n. the state or quality of being crude粗魯, 粗野,Menu,Translation,8Each partys arguments seem to me equally futile* and each partys emotional attitude equally deplorable*. Thus the lowbrows appeal to numbers cuts no ice at all. In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe becau

15、se the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella Wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.,futile adj. useless無(wú)用的 deplorable adj. very bad可悲的, 不幸的,Translation,Menu,9As for the lowbrows claim to be specially human, I for one have never been able to understand

16、why it should be inhuman to use the faculties that distinguish us from pigs and geese and human to use those which we share with the lower animals.,Menu,10The highbrows reverse the numerical argument and imply that, because they are so few, they must therefore be right. But where they chiefly offend

17、 is in their pharisaical* self-congratulation and contempt for others. In the past, the highbrows were alone in expressing a feeling of superiority; the lowbrows humbly accepted the position assigned to them.,pharisaic(al) adj. making a show of being good and religious(貶義)偽裝虔誠(chéng)的, 偽善的,Translation,Menu

18、,11Recently, however, there has been a change, and lowbrows now adopt towards highbrows exactly the same attitude as highbrows have always adopted towards them. Each highbrow did and does congratulate himself on being unique in his unlikeness to other men; and conversely each lowbrow now congratulat

19、es himself on being in some mystical way unique in his likeness - on being, so to say, outstandingly average and extraordinarily ordinary.,Menu,The snarlings* of their respective egotisms* add yet another discordant* note to the contemporary babel*.,snarl v. to make a low angry sound while showing t

20、he teeth咆哮, 嗥叫 egotism n. selfishness自我, 利己主義 discordant adj. not in agreement不和諧的 babel n. scene of noisy and confused talking混亂,Menu,Translation,12In point of fact, the question of rightness or wrongness simply does not enter into the dispute. The difference between highbrows and lowbrows is essen

21、tially quantitative, not qualitative. In certain respects (though not, perhaps, in others) the life of the highbrow is fuller than that of the lowbrow.,Menu,13He is interested in a greater number and a greater variety of things; and his knowledge enables him rationally to co-ordinate more facts of e

22、xperience than the lowbrow can do. The lowbrow lives in a world where events are isolated and unconnected; the highbrow, in one where knowledge has fused these isolated happenings into what is at least a partially comprehensible whole.,Menu,Translation,14In a certain sense, even the works of art adm

23、ired by highbrows are quantitatively more considerable than the works admired by lowbrows. A Dostoevsky novel contains, explicitly or by implication, all that a thriller contains, plus a great deal more.,Menu,Translation,15The emotionalism* which makes popular music popular is there in the best musi

24、c, but transformed, refined and given a general significance by its association with other things.,emotionalism n. the quality of feeling or showing too much emotion易動(dòng)感情, 感情主義,Menu,The works of art appreciated by highbrows are in general qualitatively superior to those appreciated by lowbrows; and t

25、he effort to comprehend qualitatively superior work leads to an enrichment*, a filling out of experience. 16But even if these works were not qualitatively superior, they would still contribute to a fullness of experience by being quantitatively more substantial and extensive.,enrichment n. the act o

26、f enriching or the state of being enriched豐富,Translation,Menu,17Now the fuller life is not, as such, good; nor, as such, is the emptier life bad. Any kind of life is only the raw material out of which individuals can make goodness or badness. Whether the relatively full life of highbrows is a more s

27、uitable material or of which to manufacture goodness than the relatively empty life of lowbrows, I do not know; but I think that, on the whole, it may be.,Menu,18That its content, judged by aesthetic* and scientific standards, is intrinsically* richer and more significant than the content of the typ

28、ical lowbrow life, seems to me to be unquestionable*.,aesthetic adj. concerned with beauty(藝術(shù)上的)美感的, 審美的；美學(xué)的 intrinsical adj. in itself內(nèi)在的, 本身的 unquestionable adj. which cannot be questioned毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的，毋庸置疑的，千真萬(wàn)確的,Translation,Menu,19No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constitu

29、ted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences which result in a rich, significant life, as they can get out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning. 20We are back again where we started, among the tastes and capacitie

30、s of the individual.,Menu,Translation,Exercise,. Comprehension,. Vocabulary,. Close,. Translation (English to Chinese),. Translation (Chinese to English),. Writing,Menu,. Comprehension,Answer the following questions or complete the following statements by choosing the best alternative A, B, C or D u

31、nder each. You are allowed 2 minutes 30 seconds for this part.,1.This passage is mainly concerned with _. my being a highbrow individual taste highbrowism and lowbrowism personal preference,Menu,Answers,. Comprehension,2.The author regards himself as a highbrow because of all the following reasons E

32、xcept that _. he likes eating strawberries he enjoys highbrow processes and experiences he does not enjoy lowbrow processes and experiences he does not enjoy jazz and thrillers at all,Answers,Menu,3.It can be inferred from Par.2 and Par.3 that, the author thinks that highbrows can get more pleasure

33、from _. jazz and thrillers than from the music of Beethoven the sex appeal of the girls on the covers of magazines than from the paintings of famous artists watching of horse racing than from learning reading than from bridge of cross-word puzzles,. Comprehension,Menu,Answers,4.According to the auth

34、or, it is true that _. highbrowism and lowbrowism are totally matters of individual taste highbrowism and lowbrowism have nothing to do with individual taste highbrowism and lowbrowism involve more than mere taste there are no objective standards for highbrowism and lowbrowism,. Comprehension,Answer

35、s,Menu,5.Which of the following characteristics are given to lowbrows by highbrows? Crudity and ignorance Humanity, virtue and learned refinement Inhumanity, crudity and ignorance Virtue but ignorance,. Comprehension,Menu,Answers,6.The author thinks that _. the lowbrows must be right because highbro

36、ws are inhuman the lowbrows must be right because there are more lowbrows than highbrows the lowbrows appeal to numbers is of no use at all the lowbrows are outstandingly average and extraordinarily ordinary,. Comprehension,Answers,Menu,7.The author, in the 4th paragraph, considers the reason why hi

37、ghbrows and lowbrows dispute is that _. human beings spend at least half their leisure doing nothing else highbrowism is conlusively matters of individual taste there would be something else important besides matters of individual taste lowbrowism is exclusively matters of individual taste,. Compreh

38、ension,Menu,Answers,8.According to the author, _. highbrows can enjoy fuller life than lowbrows in all respects highbrows can not co-ordinate with others because they think they are superior to other men highbrows live in an isolated and unconnected world there are more works of art for highbrows to

39、 admire than that for lowbrows,. Comprehension,Answers,Menu,9.What enables highbrows to have a more comprehensive point of view on things than lowbrows? A. Interest.B. Knowledge. C. Experience.D. Taste. 10.On the whole, the authors attitude toward the relatively full life of highbrows is _. A. posit

40、iveB. negative C. doubtfulD. unclear,. Comprehension,Menu,Answers,. Vocabulary,A. Identify one of the four choices A, B, C, or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.,1. He spent hundreds of hours in the acquisition of skill with a rifle. A. development B. familiarity C. gai

41、ning D. experience 2.There was an implicit understanding between them that the subject should not be mentioned. A. a mutualB. an implied C. a deepD. an obvious,Answers,Menu,. Vocabulary,A. Identify one of the four choices A, B, C, or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.,3

42、.All his attempts to argue to save the business were futile. A. valuableB. worthwhile C. uselessD. unnecessary 4.He lives by the proverb Early to bed and early to rise. A. a short simple sayingB. a short famous saying C. a popular short saying D. a wise short saying,Menu,Answers,. Vocabulary,A. Iden

43、tify one of the four choices A, B, C, or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.,5.Thousands of cattle are slaughtered here every year. A. killedB. transported C. exhibitedD. enclosed 6.At four oclock my mother returned, weary and exhausted. A. elegantB. mysterious C. tiredD

44、. curious,Answers,Menu,. Vocabulary,A. Identify one of the four choices A, B, C, or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.,7.Mary couldnt help snarling at him for his disrespecting of her privacy. speaking to him in a low voice speaking to him in a loud voice speaking to hi

45、m in a soft voice speaking to him in a harsh voice,Menu,Answers,. Vocabulary,A. Identify one of the four choices A, B, C, or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.,8.A good deal of discord has arisen in the university over this question. A. discussionB. argument C. disagree

46、mentD. contradiction 9.You could tell she was a woman of refinement by her behavior. A. eleganceB. graciousness C. perfectionD. kindness,Answers,Menu,. Vocabulary,A. Identify one of the four choices A, B, C, or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.,10.When Frank had found

47、a movie he liked, what others said cut no ice with him. had much effect on had no effect on made a deep impression on made a slight impression on,Menu,Answers,. Vocabulary,B. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.,11. If we _ our efforts we should be able to defeat the enemy. A. spar

48、e B. coordinate C. cooperate D. correlate 12. Lowbrows are likely to have _ of speech and behavior. A. originalities B. cruelties C. crudities D. specialities,Answers,Menu,. Vocabulary,B. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.,13. His right to the property is _. A. perceptible B. mea

49、surable C. disreputable D. unquestionable 14. The team played hard because the championship of the state was _. A. at hand B. at stake C. at large D. at best,Menu,Answers,. Vocabulary,B. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.,15. _, I dont know what we should have done without him. A

50、. In principle B. In general C. In theory D. In point of fact 16. Your proposal that the money should be used to build a nursery school is _. A. imaginable B. admirable C. negligible D. predictable,Answers,Menu,. Vocabulary,B. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.,17. The _ treatmen

51、t of mental patients shocked the public. A. sensible B. sensational C. inhuman D. human 18. The family lived in a _ slum. A. comfortable B. modern C. ancient D. deplorable,Menu,Answers,. Vocabulary,B. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.,19. The highbrows have _ their preferences i

52、n terms of argument that their lives are fuller than that of the lowbrows. A. patronized B. rationalized C. emotionalized D. egotized 20.American culture has been _ by European immigrants. A. enlargedB. enriched C. evaluatedD. expanded,Answers,Menu,. Close,Read the passage through and choose one sui

53、table word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage.,Sports of all kinds are wining support from American enthusiasts from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Soccer, 1 many countries just call football, is 2 enjoyed sport in the world. More than 20 million people in 140 nations 3 th

54、e game.,A. whichB. whatC. thatD. Who A. wideB. Widely C. the most widelyD. more widely A. performB. operateC. makeD. play,Menu,Answers,. Close,It requires patience more than strength. 4 American football and baseball, where long pauses are built into the game, soccer 5 almost constant motion. It req

55、uires little else: one ball, two goals and a field 6 boundaries. Despite its worldwide appeal and easy access, 7 it has been slow to catch on in the United States.,A. LikeB. UnlikeC. AsD. Despite A. intendsB. inventsC. requiresD. suggests A. ofB. atC. withD. On A. furthermoreB. Therefore C. moreover

56、D. however,Answers,Menu,It has now arrived. 8 that miserable Washington Sunday, 57 318 people 9 Washingtons DC United beat Colorado 21 in Major League Soccers championship 10 The Robert F Kennedy Stadium was sold out.,A. On B. In C. During D. At A. watchedB. saw C. looked D. noticed A. meeting B. ga

57、me C. gathering D. competition,Menu,Answers,Basketball, an American invention 11 played around the world, these days 12 large crowds back home. Likewise, hockey, a game largely 13 to the United States 14 neighboring Canada.,A. decreasing B. decreasingly C. increasing D. increasingly A. draws B. push

58、es C. pulls D. forces A. transferred B. invented C. imported D. exported A. by B. from C. through D. among,Answers,Menu,Lacrosse(長(zhǎng)曲棍球)，a version of which was played by Native Americans before the Europeans arrived, is also 15 a keen national following.,A. receiving B. increasing C. having D. gaining

59、,Menu,Answers,. Translation (English to Chinese),The situation has indeed been reached in many fields where, owing to this chaos in publication and communication, it is easier to find out a new fact or build up a new theory than to find out whether these have been observed or deduced before. This does not, of course, prevent the exercise of scientific ingenuity.,Answers,Menu,. Translation (English to Chinese),What it does is to reduce that exercise to social futility, and although the individual pleasure