高中英語 Module 3 Foreign Food Section Ⅲ Grammar-復(fù)習(xí)定語和定語從句教學(xué)案 外研版選修8

1、Module 3 Foreign Food Section Grammar-復(fù)習(xí)定語和定語從句語法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)I thought this vast wave of food was the totalnumber of dishes to be served.Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks down, continuing to chat.I still remember what I ate: a tuna fish and cheese sandwich.Do you k

2、now the girl singing over there?He is always the first personto leave the office.One evening he was entertaining the ruler of a small island in the Pacific.However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me to accept.But one thing I do admire is the polite mannerin which British p

3、eople eat, even if it is just a potato.As we all know, Putin was elected President of Russia a third time.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.我的發(fā)現(xiàn)(1)句中，黑體部分在句中均作定語，且句中作前置定語，作后置定語。(2)由句可知，形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)要放在不定代詞后面。(3)句中，黑體部分均為定語從句。(4)句中，黑體部分為非限制性定語從句。一、定語1概念修飾名詞或者代詞的詞、短語或者從句稱為定語。形容詞、名詞、代

4、詞、數(shù)詞、不定式(短語)、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語以及從句等都可用來作定語。A bright future shines before my eyes.光明的未來展現(xiàn)在我的面前。(形容詞作定語)His rapid progress in English made us surprised.他在英語方面的快速進(jìn)步使我們很吃驚。(代詞作定語)Our monitor is always the firstto enter the classroom.我們的班長(zhǎng)總是第一個(gè)進(jìn)教室。(動(dòng)詞不定式作定語)He walks with the help of a walking stick.他在手杖

5、的幫助下行走。(動(dòng)名詞作定語)There is nothing that worries him.沒有什么事使他煩惱。(從句作定語)2位置定語的位置有兩種：一種是前置定語，位于中心詞之前，此時(shí)定語多為單個(gè)的詞或復(fù)合詞；另一種是后置定語，位于中心詞之后，此時(shí)定語多為詞組或從句。China is a developingcountry; America is a developed country.中國是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，美國是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國家。(單個(gè)詞作前置定語)Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher?和我們老師握手的那個(gè)人是誰？(分詞短語作后置定語

6、)名師點(diǎn)津something, anything, nothing等復(fù)合不定代詞的修飾詞，即使是單個(gè)詞，也要后置。There is something wrong with my watch.我的手表出毛病了。3多個(gè)詞作定語時(shí)的順序當(dāng)多個(gè)詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，這些詞的順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~性質(zhì)(描繪/觀點(diǎn))大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低(矮)形狀年齡、新舊顏色國籍、地區(qū)、出處物質(zhì)、材料用途、類別名詞。a charming small round old brown Chinese wooden table一個(gè)迷人的、小而圓的、老式的、棕色中式木質(zhì)桌子4名詞作定語名詞作定語時(shí)，往往是說明中心名詞的材料、功能、目的、時(shí)間

7、、地點(diǎn)、種類等。a stone bridge石橋a motor car 摩托車peace conference 和平大會(huì)winter vacation 寒假sea fight 海戰(zhàn)science fiction 科幻小說即時(shí)演練1畫出下列句子中的定語The bicycle shop is just around the corner and you wont miss it.It is reported that the floods have left about two_thousand people homeless.The flowers smelling_sweet_in_the_p

8、ark attract the passersby to the beauty of nature.For breakfast he only drinks juice from_fresh_fruit_grown_on_his_own_farm.We are invited to a party to_be_held in our club next Friday.The old town has narrow streets and small houses that_are_built_close_to_each_other.Look at the broken glasses.They

9、 are playing an important_football match against Liverpool on Sunday.Your hair needs cutting.The two rooms upstairs are my_sisters bedroom.二、定語從句(一)定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇準(zhǔn)確地判斷關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所作的成分是確定關(guān)系詞的關(guān)鍵所在，再結(jié)合先行詞自身的屬性便可做到萬無一失。關(guān)系詞1關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)who, whom, that所代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：The man who(m) you saw just

10、now is our manager.你剛才見到的那個(gè)人是我們的經(jīng)理。(先行詞指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在從句中作主語)他就是想見你的那個(gè)人嗎？He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在從句中作賓語)他就是我昨天看到的那個(gè)人。(2)whose用來指人或物(只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換)They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.他們急趕過

11、去幫助那個(gè)車壞了的人。Please pass me the book whose (of which the) cover is green.請(qǐng)把那本綠色封面的書遞給我。(3)which, that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。A prosperity which/that has never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which/that在從句中作主語)鄉(xiāng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come

12、 unwrapped. (which/that在從句中作賓語)你拿著的這個(gè)包裹快要散開了。(4)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。They talked in such simple Englishas children could understand. (as在從句中作賓語)他們用孩子們能聽懂的簡(jiǎn)單的英語交談。As is known to all, fish cant live without water.(as在從句中作主語)眾所周知，魚離不開水。2關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞when, where, w

13、hy的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞 which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞which”結(jié)構(gòu)交換使用。There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.一個(gè)人肯定有屈服的時(shí)候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我出生的地方。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助的原因嗎？3定語從句的分類(1)定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語

14、從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。This is the house which we bought last month.(限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.(非限制性)(2)當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith,who was my former teacher, retired last year.My house, which I bought last year,has got a l

15、ovely garden.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.(3)非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞，對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾，這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.名師點(diǎn)津關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。即時(shí)演練2用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空Is he

16、the man who/that will help you? He is the man whom/that I shook hands with yesterday. They rushed over to help the man whose leg had been hurt badly.Ill never forget the days when we studied in Beijing.Is this the reason why he was late for the meeting?The room whose window faces south is mine.(二)難點(diǎn)

17、突破1“介詞關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語，當(dāng)介詞置于定語從句句首時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用which (指物) 或whom (指人)。The pencilwith whichhe was writing suddenly broke.他正在用來寫字的鉛筆突然斷了。Look at the photo. This is Mr Green, in front of whomsit three students.看這張照片。這是格林先生，在他的前面坐著三個(gè)學(xué)生。Do you remember the day when/on which you joined our club? 你還記得你加

18、入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？名師點(diǎn)津“介詞關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)介詞的選擇介詞的選擇要根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語、先行詞以及它們之間的搭配來確定。有些動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞是固定搭配，不可以拆開，故不能提到關(guān)系詞前。關(guān)系副詞when根據(jù)先行詞的不同可轉(zhuǎn)化為：介詞in/during/on/at 等which；關(guān)系副詞 where 可轉(zhuǎn)化為：介詞 in/on/at 等 which; 關(guān)系副詞why可轉(zhuǎn)化為：介詞forwhich。(2)“不定代詞或數(shù)詞ofwhich/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“ofwhich/whom不定代詞或數(shù)詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。其中不定代詞為：some, any, none, both,

19、 all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, most, part等。There are 40 students in our class,most of whom ( of whom most) like English.我們班有40名學(xué)生，他們中的大多數(shù)喜歡英語。(3)“whose名詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)化為“the名詞ofwhich/whom”或“ofwhich/whomthe名詞”。介詞of表示所有關(guān)系。I live in a room whose windows are all broken.I li

20、ve in a room the windows of which (of which the windows) are all broken.我住在一個(gè)窗戶都?jí)牧说姆块g里。(4)表示“方式”的名詞way后的定語從句中如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作方式狀語，關(guān)系詞用 that 或 in which，也可省略關(guān)系詞。I dont like the way (that/in which) he talks to me.我不喜歡他和我說話的方式。(5)“某些介詞關(guān)系副詞”可引導(dǎo)定語從句。He graduated from Beijing University in 1988, since when he ha

21、s improved himself in all aspects.他1988年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)。從那時(shí)起他在各方面都提高了。即時(shí)演練3介詞填空Ill never forget the day on which I joined the Party.The witness to whom the policemen referred was murdered last night.I cant remember the age at which he won the prize.I forgot the exact place in which I had hidden the box.Is t

22、his the reason for which he didnt want to help us?I dont know the thing about which they quarreled yesterday.2定語從句中需要注意的問題(1)as, which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，as通常指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，which既可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，也可指代具體的詞或詞組；as引導(dǎo)的從句位置靈活，可位于句中、句末及句首，而which引導(dǎo)的從句通常位于先行詞之后。As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health.我們都知道，吸煙有害健康。He

23、finished the work ahead of time, which is very important to us.他提前完成了工作，這對(duì)我們很重要。(2)the same . that表示“同一個(gè)，就是那一個(gè)”；而the same . as 表示“與一樣(但不是同一個(gè))”。 This is the same book that I lost yesterday.這就是我昨天丟的那本書。This is the same book as I lost yesterday.這與我昨天丟的那本書一樣。(3)在一些類似地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞后面，也可用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句。I can t

24、hink of many cases where cultural differences really exist.我可以想出許多文化差異確實(shí)存在的事例。(4)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞只用that而不用which的情況：當(dāng)先行詞是all, much, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時(shí)。We should do everything that is useful to the people.我們應(yīng)該做一切有益于人民的事。當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞/last修飾時(shí)。When we talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes

25、to our mindis the West Lake.我們談?wù)摵贾輹r(shí)，首先想到的是西湖。This is the fifth film that has been shown in our village.這是在我們村莊放映的第五部電影。當(dāng)先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now.這是當(dāng)今世界上最小的計(jì)算機(jī)。當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。They talked about the teachers and schoolsthat they had visited.他們談?wù)撍麄冊(cè)L問過

26、的那些老師和學(xué)校。當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only, the same等修飾時(shí)。The only thing that I need now is a cup of coffee.我現(xiàn)在唯一需要的是一杯咖啡。This is the very storybookthat I want to read.這正是我想看的那本故事書。即時(shí)演練4(1)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空The road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.You can use a larger pl

27、astic bottle, whose top is cut off, with its bottom as a pot to grow flowers in.The girl in plain clothes, who was wonderfully calm in face of danger, was just sixteen years old.As many of you are old enough to remember, the Beatles came from Liverpool.Its impossible to do all that work in such a sh

28、ort time!Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?(2)完成句子That is the_same_bike_as I lost.那輛自行車和我丟失的一模一樣。He is such_a_good_teacher as we all love and respect.他是那樣一位我們大家都熱愛和尊敬的好老師。The first thing that_catches_my_eye is the mural.最先引起我注意的是壁畫。.單句語法填空1A young man who/that writes novels c

29、ame to speak to us yesterday.2A young man writing (write) novels came to speak to us yesterday.3I like to see the films directed (direct) by Zhang Yimou.4The first thing that you have to do is to discuss it with your classmates.5The dictionary which/that my mother bought for me is very useful.6I kno

30、w the man with whom you talked at the meeting.7I dont know the reason for which he is late for school.8The film in which she stars has not released yet.9He is always the first person to_come (come) to school.10This is such an easy novel as you can read.完成句子1(2016天津高考書面表達(dá))Your art skills are excellen

31、t and admirable, which_leaves_me_a_deep_impression.你的藝術(shù)技能非常出色，特別令人欽佩，給我留下了深刻的印象。2(2016全國卷書面表達(dá))Any student who_is_interested_in_this_activity is welcome to take part.任何對(duì)這次活動(dòng)感興趣的學(xué)生都?xì)g迎參加。3(2015天津高考書面表達(dá))If there is something else that_we_can_do_for_you,_we are more than glad to give a helping hand.如果我們能為你做些別的事，我們會(huì)很樂意伸出援助之手。4(2015廣東高考寫作)A new study appeared in the foreign medical field where_researchers_completed_a_project called DNA Test.在國外醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，出現(xiàn)了一項(xiàng)新的研究，研究人員完成了一個(gè)名為DNA測(cè)試的項(xiàng)目。5(2014安徽高考滿分作文)I think the reason why_you_are_a