初中英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)-詳細(xì)講解及其練習(xí).ppt

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),詳細(xì)講解及其練習(xí),一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，主要有兩個(gè)含義： 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，so far, by now等。 I have already watched the TV play. 我已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電視劇了。（現(xiàn)在我對(duì)它不感興趣了） Have you found your lost pen yet? No, I havent found it yet.（我很著急） 表示動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)在過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將持續(xù)下去。

2、用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常常與so far、for或者since短語(yǔ)連用。since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) /從句，for + 時(shí)間段，如for two months等。,二 、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別 1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都能表示過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，并且表示這一動(dòng)作已完成或還可能繼續(xù)下去； 2）而一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在的情況沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，僅表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，且這一動(dòng)作到說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)已終止。因此現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的狀語(yǔ)連用，并且用when或where對(duì)這些時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)，一般只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。,三、在“

3、it is first/second.time that.?！被蛟凇癷t/this/that is the +最高級(jí)+名詞+that.?！苯Y(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句中的動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；在“it + be .+since從句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，be可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since從句一般用過(guò)去時(shí)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有 since 或 for 等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如： I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像 come, arrive, buy 等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。要用，必須改為“b

4、e（在）”等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述。,歸納總結(jié):由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,arrivebe here die be dead begin (start) be on come back be back fall ill (sick, asleep )be ill (sick, asleep) leave be away get up be up finish be over open be open close be closed borrow keep be on be in 或 be a member of go to schoolbe a student buy have catch(

5、a cold) have (a cold) begin to studystudy get to know know come to work work 等 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開(kāi)始十分鐘了。 We have studied English for three years. 我們（開(kāi)始）學(xué)英語(yǔ)已三年了。,注意事項(xiàng),（1）have been(to

6、)與 have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）”，可用于 各人稱(chēng)；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀保Ｓ糜诘谌朔Q(chēng)，前者可與 once , never, several times 等連用，后者則不能。 He has been to Beijing.他去過(guò)北京（已經(jīng)回來(lái)了） He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （還沒(méi)有回來(lái)） have/has been in 待在某地 如：They have been in Beijing.他們呆在北京。 （2）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成

7、一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連 用。 如： I havent left here since 1997.自從 1997 年以來(lái)，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這兒。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題 一 選擇填空。 ( ) 2. Her father _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years. (A) died ,dead (B) has died, dead (C) died ,has been dead (D) has died, has died ( ) 3. I have _this nice watch for t

8、wo years. (A) had (B) bought (C) borrowed (D) lend ( ) 4.He _his home for ten years. (A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from ( ) 5.He _a league member for three years (A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D) have become ( ) 6.Lihuas brother has _for two years (A)joined the army (C

9、)become a soldier (B)been an army (D)been in the army ( ) 7.He hasnt _Quanzhou ever since he left school (A) left (B)been away (C)been (D)away,( )8.Have you_ learned English? Yes, Ive _learned a lot. (A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever ( ) 9.Have you finished your homewor

10、k _? Yes, Ive _done that. (A) yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just ( )10.Johns father _borrowed some pictures (A ) has just (B)have ever (C)has yet (D)have already,二 選擇填空 ( ) 1. Have you finished your homework Yes, I it last night (A) finish (B) finished (C) have finished (D) w

11、ill finish ( ) 2. _you ever _to Nanjing Yes, I _there last year. (A) Havegone, have gone (B) Didgo, went (C) Havebeen , went (D) Didgo, has , been ) ( ) 3.When _you _Lucy in New York? I _her for two years (A) didmeet, havent seen (B) didmeet, dont see (C) havemet, havent seen ( ) 4.He _finished his

12、homework yet . ( A) didnt (B) havent (C) hasnt (D) doesnt have ( )5.Have you _traveled to Quanzhou? Yes, I have. (A) just (B) yet C) never (D) ever ( )6.Have you finished your homework Not_ (A) ever (B) already . (C) yet (D) just . ( ) 7 We havent finished our homework，_. (A) already ( (B) ever (C)

13、yet (D) never,三 用 since 和 for 填空 （一） 1) _ two years _ two years ago 2) _ last month 3) _ yesterday 4) _ an hour ago 5) _ she left here 6) _ 4 oclock 8) _ 1999 9) _ 4 hours 10) _ lunch time （二） 1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 2. Ive known him _ we were children. 3. Our teacher has

14、studied Japanese _ three years. 4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.,四 單項(xiàng)選擇題 ( )1.My mother has worked in this factory _ 2 years. （A）about ( (B)for (C)in (D)since （ )2. His father joined the party_ (A)since three years ago (B)in two years

15、time (C)for three years (D)three years ago 3. The students have cleaned the classroom , _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone 5.- How long _you_ your diction

16、ary? - About two months. A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought,6. He tells me he_ China for over five years . A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to China 7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to Nanjing? A. How soon , comes B. How often, got C. How long , came D. How far, arrived 8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to w