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1、Basic Elements of Medical Words-1,origin of medical English words,1. from common English 2. from Latin 3. from Greek 4. coinage,1. words coming from common English: whooping cough百日咳 A highly contagious disease of the respiratory system, usually affecting children, that is caused by the bacterium Bo

2、rdetella pertussis and is characterized in its advanced stage by spasms of coughing interspersed with deep, noisy inspirations. Also called pertussis 百日咳,pinkeye /epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (角膜結(jié)膜炎) knock-knee/genu valgum (膝內(nèi)翻) athletes foot /tinea pedis足廯 piles/hemorrhoids (痔瘡) lockjaw/tetanus (破

3、傷風(fēng)) fits/convulsion (驚厥,Fever發(fā)熱; short-sight近視 ; consumption 肺癆(消耗) nettle rash; 風(fēng)疹 stroke; 中風(fēng) baldness; indigestion; 消化不良 blister; 水皰,砂眼 Swelling腫; measles麻疹 Rabies狂犬病; windpipe氣管,Words coming from Latin,capita(頭) cervix (頸) bronchus(支氣管) Abdomen腹部,腹腔 brachium (臂) aorta(主動(dòng)脈) os(骨,remember them,cuti

4、s (真皮) fascia(筋膜) corpus genu(膝) vertebra(椎骨) labium(唇) sinus(竇,Words coming from Greek,thorax (胸) iris(虹膜) metra(子宮) colon(結(jié)腸) stenosis(狹窄) stasis(停滯) ptosis(下垂) ectopia(異位,other common medical words from Greek,stoma (口,小空) soma(身體,軀干) glottis(聲門) derma (真皮,larynx(喉) nephron(腎單位) rachis(脊柱) pharynx

5、(咽) phalanx(指骨,coinage,Tularemia ( Tulare;a place in California) (土拉菌病,兔熱??;野兔?。?Cushing Disease (first discovered by Harvey Cushing) Ven De berghs test ( to test icterus and liver disease,some common coinages,Alzheimers disease /presenile dementia (早老性癡呆) Gravess disease/exophthalmic goiter (突眼性甲狀腺腫

6、) Parkinsons disease/paralysis agitans (震顫麻痹) Addisons disease/chronic hypoadrenocorticism (慢性腎上腺皮質(zhì)功能減退) Potts disease /spinal caries(脊柱骨疽,basic elements of medical words,1. root (base) 2. affixes: prefixes suffixes 3. Vowels元音 thats join the parts above mentioned,Some examples of roots(bases,Some e

7、xamples of roots(bases,The combing vowel Find the combing vowels in the following words: geograph y地理 Metropolis大都市 Orthodox正統(tǒng)的 Monotonous單調(diào)的 Anthology詩(shī)集,optometrist (驗(yàn)光師) Urology泌尿?qū)W Hydrotherapy水療法 Auriscope耳鏡 Centigrade攝氏 Milimeter毫米 Pelvimeter骨盆測(cè)量器,prefix and suffix Some common prefixes from Gree

8、k a an (without) anemia (貧血) anaerobe(厭氧細(xì)菌) pro (before) proenzyme(前酶;酶原) prognosis(預(yù)后) meta (after) metapneumonic(肺炎后的) metastasis(轉(zhuǎn)移) endo (inside) endocrine(內(nèi)分泌) endoderm(內(nèi)皮) ecto (outside) ectopia(異位) ectocardia(異位心,en, em (in, into) endemic(地方性的) exo (out of ) exocrine(外分泌) hypo (under, below)

9、hypothermia(低溫) hypothyroidism(甲狀腺機(jī)能減退) hyper(over, above) hyperdontia(牙過(guò)多) peri (around) pericardium(心包,para (beside, near) paramedical(準(zhǔn)醫(yī)學(xué)的) anti(against) antibiotic(抗生素) antipyretic(退熱劑) syn, sym, syl (together, with) syndrome(綜合癥) symbiosis(共生) epi(on) epidemic(流行病,Some common prefixes from Lati

10、n,in (without) insomnia (失眠) in somnia睡夢(mèng) indigestion(消化不良) ante(before) antenatal(出生前的) pre(before) prealveolar(牙槽前的) prediastole(舒張前期) post(after) postmortem(死后) postpartum(產(chǎn)后) intra intracellular(細(xì)胞內(nèi)的) intravenous(靜脈內(nèi)的,extra (outside) extradental (牙外的) extraoral(口外的) in ( into) inoculation(接種) inv

11、asion(入侵) ex (out of ) excretion(排泄) expiration(呼氣;終止) sub ( below, under) subnormal(低于正常的 sublingual(舌下的) infra (below, beneath) infrasonic(聽(tīng)閾下的) infrapsychic(精神閾下的,Some common suffixes from Greek,ia (狀態(tài)) anorexia(厭食) ism(狀態(tài),理論) autism(孤僻癥) giantism(巨型) osis (狀態(tài),增多) leukocytosis(白細(xì)胞增多,in (素) insuli

12、n(胰島素)fibrin(纖維素) gen, genic, genesis (原;產(chǎn)生:的;產(chǎn)生) fibrinogen(纖維蛋白原) lactogenic(乳生成的) tropic, tropism (親:的;促:的) hydrotropic(向水的,phobia, phobic (恐怖) hydrophobia(恐水?。?philia, philic chromophilia (嗜染性) photophilic(嗜光的,Competing forms,also called duplication. use both Greek and Latin as sources for medic

13、al word bases. three types of competing forms : 1) those that have the same base but different combing vowels; 2) two forms of the same base; 3) two bases with the same meaning.( one from Greek, one from Latin,1) those that have the same base but different combing vowels example: Bronchial支氣管的 bronc

14、hopneumonia支氣管肺炎 Oviduct輸卵管 ovoplasm卵漿,2) two forms of the same base; example: Hemorrhage出血 hematology血液學(xué) Irotomy虹膜切開(kāi)術(shù) iridomalacia虹膜軟化,3) two bases with the same meaning. ( one from Greek, one from Latin) synonym: denote the same object, process, condition, or function,example,exercises,Give the me

15、anings of the words given below: dentist odontologist lacrimal dacryocyst oral stomatopathy,hemo hemato hematopoiesis(造血) hematocyte(血細(xì)胞) hematodynamics(血液動(dòng)力學(xué),sangui sanguification(造血) sanguineous(血液充足的) sanguivorous(食血的) sanguine(面色紅潤(rùn)的;充滿希望的) sanguinary(血腥的;嗜血成性的,blood,Greek,Latin,somato medical words: Somatology人體學(xué) common word somatic,corp (corpus) corpor(corpora) corpse corporeal corporeal punishment corpulent(肥胖的) corps(軍團(tuán)) corporation,reek,Latin,C )Greek

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