句子成分及句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1、句子成分及句子結(jié)構(gòu)一、句子成分1.主語（subject）: 句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞)Seeing is believing. （動名詞） To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主語，主語

2、從句是真正主語）2.謂語（predicate）: 說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 3.賓語：1）動作的承受者-動賓I like China. （名詞）He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （動名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （賓語從句）

3、 2） 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3） 雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.4.定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Miss Yang is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） He is our friend. （代詞）We belong to the third world. （數(shù)詞） He was advised to

4、 teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）The man over there is my old friend. (副詞) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（過去分詞） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I d

5、o. （定語從句）5.狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式、讓步和伴隨。 （以下例句按上述順序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like s

6、ome of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.6.賓補(bǔ)：對賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。We elected him monitor. （名詞）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them happy.

7、 （形容詞）We found nobody in. ( 副詞 )Please make yourself at home. 介詞短語）Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞）Ill have my bike repaired. （過去分詞） 7.主補(bǔ)：對主語的補(bǔ)充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next

8、room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.8.表語（predicative）: 系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。 He is a teacher. （名詞） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞）He is asleep. （形容詞） His father is in. （副詞） The picture is on the wall. ( 介詞短語)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞）

9、To wear a flower is to say Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表語從句）（常見的連系動詞有: be, sound（聽起來）, look（看起來）, feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）,taste（嘗、吃起來）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺） .等等) It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The fo

10、od smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.二、簡單句的基本句型1. 主語 謂語本結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語+不及物動詞（詞組）”構(gòu)成, 常用來表示主語的動作。如，She came. My head aches. The sun rises.該句型的主語可有修飾語-定語，如，The red sun rises.謂語可有修飾語-狀語，如，The red sun rises in the east.2. 主語 謂語 賓語 此結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語+及物動詞（詞組）+賓語”構(gòu)成。賓語可以是名詞、代詞、

11、數(shù)詞，動名詞、動詞不定式或詞組、the +形容詞、分詞以及從句等。如，She likes English.The young should take good care of the old.3. 主語 連系動詞 表語本結(jié)構(gòu)主要用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。連系動詞有：（1）表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等；（2）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand等；（3）表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, co

12、me, grow等。She is happy. He fell off his bike and got hurt. His advice proved (to be) right.4. 主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語常跟雙賓語的及物動詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,return, send, show, teach, tell, write, 等；（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order,sing, save, sp

13、are,等。He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.She gave John a book= She bought a book for me.5. 主語 謂語（及物動詞） 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語此結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間存在有內(nèi)在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不完整?？梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有名詞，形容詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞等。She makes her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the pa

14、ssage.6. There be 句型此句型是由 there + be + 主語 + 狀語 構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)某地存在有，它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際意義。Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致，有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如， 現(xiàn)在有 there is / are 過去有 there was / were 將來有 there will be/ there is / are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has / have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be / there must have been. 過去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems / seem / seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen / happens / happened to be 此句型有時可用 live, stand, come, go,