雙學(xué)位英語翻譯論文

1、Learn General Secretary on two to learn a strengthening four Consciousnesses important speech caused a strong reaction in the country. Time, watching red treasure, the origin of building the party back to power, how to strengthen services for the masses, improve party cohesion, fighting to become th

2、e grass-roots party members and masses hot topic. Grass-roots party organizations two is to strengthen the service of party members and cadres, the pioneer spirit. Distribution of grass-roots party organizations in all walks of people, clothing, shelter, which belongs to the nerve endings of the par

3、ty organization and comments reputation has a direct perception of the masses. Strengthen the party ahead of the pedal spirit; strengthen the party members and cadres success does not have to be me and the first to bear hardships, the last to service spirit to set the partys positive image among the

4、 people is important. Grass-roots party organizations two is to cleanse all people not happy not to see stereotypes, establish the honest faithful, diligent faith for the people. No need to avoid mentioning that, some members of our party can not stand the money, corrosion of temptation, thin, Xu Zh

5、ou, such abuse and corrupt bribery, malfeasance borers, and rats. Two, is to clean up, thin, Xu, Zhous solution to restore the partys fresh and natural, solid and honest work style. Cleansing take, eat, card, undesirable and behaviour, cross, hard and cold, push attitude. Grass-roots party organizat

6、ions two is to strengthen the sense of ordinary party members, participating in consciousness, unity consciousness. For reasons known, members of grass-roots party branches less mobile, less resources, and the construction of party organizations have some lag. Two studies, is to focus on the grass-r

7、oots party branches loose, soft, loose problem, advance the party members and cadres, a gang working, Hong Kong report. Strong cleanup actions, style and rambling, presumptuous unqualified party members, pays special attention to party members and cadres joining party of thought problem. Party build

8、ing is obtained in the long-term development of our partys historical experience accumulated. Two is our party under the new historical conditions, strengthen the partys construction of a new rectification movement. Grass-roots party organizations should always catch the hard work, results-oriented.

9、 Two educational outcomes are long-term oriented and become an important impetus for the work. Two should have three kinds of consciousness two study and education, basic learning lies in the doing. Only the Constitution address the series of party rules, and do solid work, be qualified party member

10、s had a solid ideological basis. Only the learning and do real unity, to form a learn-learn-do-do the virtuous cycle, and ultimately achieve the fundamental objective of education. This requires that the OrganizationThe English-Chinese thinking about translation The translation is not only a kind of

11、 Language activity,but also a kind of thinking activity.It involves the conversion of two language. People think that translation is just replacing words from the original text with words in the other language. Translation is almost like rewriting the text in another language. The translator has to

12、have a very deep understanding of the language hes translating from in order to really grasp the meaning .Language is not only the tool of thinking ,but also the result of thinking.The difference of English-Chinese thinking is the thinking difference between different nationalities which takes Engli

13、sh or Chinese as native language.The difference between English and Chinese decide the different expression to the same topic. Different nationalities not only have different national culture ,but also have different thinking mode, thinking characteristics, thinking style and so on. English belongs

14、to the Indo-European languages and Chinese belongs to the sino-Tibetan languages.People who speak Chinese in the world is the most,but the distribution of English is the most widely.The translation as a kind of activity which transform from one language to another language .In essence ,it is not onl

15、y a linguistic activity but also a kind of thinking activity .Now ,I will reveal the influence of English-Chinese thinking difference on translation through the expression form of thinking difference.Due to different cultures, English and Chinese people have formed their own modes of thought, which

16、influence their living ways greatly, especially their own languages. Mother tongues influence is defined as the use elements from ones native language when people translate them into a second one .Instances of Chinese influence in English translation can be fond at the level of English phrase. The d

17、ifferent background and different original works lead to different thinking way . The difference of the background of culture and of grammatical normality lead to the different thinking way. This different thinking way affects translation, while translation is a process of transformation of language

18、. We must make clear the differences ,thus to direct us to translate.There are a large number of difference between the nations of the world in Pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, etc.But the thinking activity that people of all countries know to the essential of objective things is same.Accordingly

19、,it is possible that different language can be translated.The translation process including the understanding of translator to the original process and the process which the translators recreate with purpose language .The accurate translation based on the correct comprehension to the original .Think

20、ing difference will definitely affect the conversion between two languages.Accordingly,translators have to understand the difference between the different nationalities in the translation process.The expression of English-Chinese thinking difference and its affection to the translation mainly embodi

21、ed in the following aspects: As we see, Chinese and English belong to two different language and cultural systems and therere abundant differences between them. Obviously, people of these two languages have different ways of thinking. Thinking patterns have been clearly reflected on languages, as a

22、result of which English is hypotactic and Chinese is paratactic. English people prefer individualism, which leads them to subordinate the recognized objects into small parts. While Chinese people like entirety, they prefer to take the world as a whole. English people prefers to make good use of the

23、hypotactic markers to link the sentence components, while Chinese usually try to understand the world by their own intuition.languages are the concrete manifestation of modes of thought. In my opinion, modes of thought decide the use of languages, and the reasons how languages are influenced by mode

24、s of thought should be examined from their relationship.Modes of thought and language3 p166 Thinking patterns are the deep-rooted mechanism of the forming and developing of languages, and on the other hand languages help to promote the forming and developing of modes of thought. No1.The difference o

25、f thinking mode influent on the translation. In the thinking mode, the British nationality owns the developed rational thinking which Has the strict logic and scientific;By contrast, the han nationality owns the developed intuition thinking which has the stronger emotion and intuition.1. Different t

26、hinking mode and Vocabulary viewpoint lead to some errors of the translation. The differences between thinking patterns are the main reasons that result in the differences of language forms, so I think the study of the features, the transition and the relationship of languages should be started with

27、 the study of modes of thought which connect closely with the cultures and the languages. English-Chinese modes of thought have their own characteristics in thinking core, thinking pattern, cognition habits and thinking principles. differences between English and Chinese Thinking on Translation.Peop

28、le different from animals is the most prominent feature of human thinking activity. Among peoples of the world language in the voice, vocabulary, grammar and so far from thinking there are significant differences, but people of all countries of the objective properties of things, understanding the n

29、ature of the activities of thinking are the same, so that different languages have a mutual the possibility of translation.The translation process, including the translator of the original understanding of the process and use the target language translator re-creation process. Accurate translation f

30、rom the correct understanding of the original . Differences in thinking will certainly affect the conversion between the two languages. It is different for English-Chinese to choose the angle when they Observe the phenomenon of some things.If you are not double careful when translate,It is very easy

31、 to make a mistake.For Example,Chinese people often say nin qing xian !when they want to someone do something first.However,English people often say After you!It is total opposite to English-Chinese expression because the different viewpoint even they have the same meaning. I can take some other exa

32、mples to explain it.In English we often take the back andforwardas the past and future time.Instead,in Chinese poem “前不見古人，后不見來者，念天地之悠悠，獨(dú)愴然而涕下?！?before refers to the past and afterrefers to the future.In short ,Chinese people distinguish time order base on the past time ,but English people have diff

33、erent thinking mode to the Time coordinates .If take a little attention, you will make the wrong .In Chinese,we often say red teabut in English it is named black teaThis is because Chinese focus on the tea water, but English focus on the tea leaf.In English,we often say heavy snowinstead of big snow

34、. NO2.Because of the different thinking mode and the structure of expression ,the translation become so crude that making some mistakes. 1. Word/sentence orderIt seems that all natural human languages follow a certain sequencing in putting words together to express a complete and coherent thought, b

35、ut word/sentence order, may vary from language to language in presenting the same idea. A certain sequence of words is often smooth, natural and idiomatic in one language but illegitimate, unidiomatic and even vague or meaningless in another. A good translation should take into consideration languag

36、e usage and convention. As to attributives and adverbials, Chinese speakers tend to put them before their modified objects if they are one-word or short modifiers. However, in English they may be placed after their modified object. 2. EllipsisGrammatical omission is one thing in common to all human

37、languages. However, ellipsis differs from language to language. What can be omitted in one language may not be omitted in another. For example, in English a noun or verb may be omitted in the later text if it is repeated. But in Chinese repetition of the same word in the early and later texts is nat

38、ural, legitimate and habitual. 3. MeaningMeaning in a human language is a complex system. As far as interlingual and intercultural communication is concerned, words in one language may not have exact equivalents or have different associations from those seemingly corresponding words in another langu

39、age, which brings challenges to translating.4.Sound and formChinese and English have a totally different system in spelling and pronunciation. If any meaning is contained or an important feature is presented in the source language sound or form, it is almost impossible to preserve it in the target l

40、anguage. Sound and form assume a special significance in such things as poetry, advertising language and figurAs intercultural communication, translation is playing a more and more important role in todays world. Whatever difficulties translation teachers encounter in their professional training, it

41、 is their duty to find out effective solutions to existing problems. As a Chinese English learner, We want to write English sentences that fit the rules of the English language. But because of the existing distance between our cognitive ability and our ability of using the English language, wecannot

42、 express our thoughts in English with what we learned. To some extent, we think in Chinese ways though a lot of English words or phrases are running in our minds. As a result, we make Chinglish sentences while using English words.As is discussed above, we can find several reasons to explain why lang

43、uage transfer exists in Chinese learners English learning. One is that they just know a little about the culture of the English language. Also they know little about the differences between Chinese and English. Another reason is that their vocabulary is quite limited. And sometimes they cannot expre

44、ss their thoughts with so limited a vocabulary.To avoid the interference of the Chinese language and improve our writing abilities, we should focus not only on the correctness of the English language forms but on the accuracy of the use of the English language. We should put emphasis on vocabulary t

45、eaching, discourse teaching and the training of students competence of using language.Here are some suggestions: We should let ourself become exceedingly excellent language switchersMode of expression in some sense mirrors mode of thinking. And the difference in mode of expression between two langua

46、ges is rooted in their unique ways of thinking.we should point out the major differences in mode of thinking between the two languages. For example, the major differences between the Chinese way of thinking and the English way of thinking include:1 Chinese is characterized by parataxis, which means

47、that the relation between sentence parts is loose and unclear. English is characterized by hypotaxis, which means that English speakers give much attention to formal cohesion.2 Chinese speakers are subjective. As a result, when they generate sentences they tend to use personal subject or no subject.

48、 English speakers are relatively objective. In sentence-making they often use an impersonal subject3 Chinese people observe things separately. Therefore, in their utterances ideas are arranged together according to the order of physical or mental time. They seem equally important; the relation among

49、 them is not clear because no connective is used between them. When English-speaking people observe things, they can always find out the most important thing and place that thing in the main clause of a sentence as the information focus in their speech or writing. Other things will be stated in depe

50、ndent clauses or various kinds of phrases.4 In narrating, Chinese speakers mention things from the past to the present while English speakers follow the opposite line. In logical reasoning, Chinese speakers put reasons or evidence before the result or conclusion, but English speakers do it the other

51、 way round. Widening of cultural knowledgeFor understanding word associations, we must familiarize with the ourselves Western culture as well as their mother culture. Without cultural or pragmatic background knowledge, there is no way to grasp words implications.CoinageFor those words which cannot f

52、ind their counterparts in the target language, the translator may have to coin his own words. In coinage, he should consider the target language conventions, acceptability to target readers and semantic clarity of the source word. The translation strategies at his disposal include literal translatio

53、n, free translation, paraphrase, transliteration plus notes, etc. Compensation and substitutionIn terms of dealing with sound or formal features in the source text in translating, full equivalence is almost impossible. We can use similar or relevant sound or formal features in the target language to

54、 make some compensation for partial loss of the original features. For example, in translating Coleridges poetic line mentioned above, we can employ Chinese antithetical couplets and end rhyme to substitute the original alliteration, as in the rendering和風(fēng)拂吹，白浪翻飛， 船兒破浪前行. In fact, alliteration does e

55、xist in 風(fēng)拂 (feng-fu) and 翻飛 (fan-fei) and the original consonant sound /f/ is preserved. And for translating the above-mentioned formally unique Chinese expression可以清心也, some Chinese translator has made a successful attempt to render it as Real nice refreshing cuppa tea (which may also be read and i

56、nterpreted as Nice refreshing cuppa tea real/Refreshing cuppa tea real nice / Cuppa tea real nice refreshing / Tea real nice refreshing cuppa.). From which we can conclude that any translation difficulty can be overcome if a talented translator puts his mind to the task.NO3. different ways of thinki

57、ng, sentence word order varied, affecting the smooth translation, beautiful. Due to differences in ways of thinking, English and Chinese languages have different word order arrangements more. Chinese Sentence Word Order in logic sequence, often because of the consequences of the first, first assumpt

58、ions, inferences, after the first narrative statement, first said that the past happened, say recent events, space, usually from top to bottom, from biggest to smallest , from far and near, from the large-scale to small-scale. On issues from the importance of the secondary meaning, to the extent of

59、the weak by the strong levels, from the general to the specific order. The English language can make use of its shape and rich association words, according to the needs of the meaning and structure, flexible arrangement, and the British nation in the narrative, often start with recent events, to say what happened before . NO4. thinking in d