英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)_主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)及五個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句

1、初中英語語法句子結(jié)構(gòu) 1.主謂賓定狀補(bǔ) 2.五個(gè)基本簡(jiǎn)單句,英語句子結(jié)構(gòu),概念句子有一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語調(diào)，用以表達(dá)一個(gè)比較完整的獨(dú)立的概念。句子是表達(dá)思想的基本單位，只有完整的句子才能表達(dá)完整的思想。句子開頭第一個(gè)字母要大寫，句子的末尾要有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。句子成分是指構(gòu)成句子的各組成部分，即詞和短語在句子中的各種語法意義。句子的成分包括：主語、謂語、表語、賓語（直接和間接賓語）、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。主語和謂語是句子的主體部分（在英語中，一般句子必須有主語和謂語），表語、賓語和賓語的補(bǔ)足語是謂語里的組成部分。其他成份如定語和狀語是句子的次要成分,句子成分分類,1主語 主語是指句子談?wù)摰闹黝}，也就是

2、句中動(dòng)作、行為、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)的主體。一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的單詞或短語來充當(dāng)，也有從句充當(dāng)?shù)默F(xiàn)象。大多數(shù)主語都在句首。如： 講述“誰” We work in a big factory. 講述“什么 The classroom is very big. 數(shù)詞作主語 Three are enough. 不定式作主語 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job. 從句作主語 What we need is food. 在“There be ”句型中，主語的位置在中間。如： There are some bot

3、tles of milk in the box. 在個(gè)別句型中，主語在整個(gè)句子后面，這時(shí)前面用it作形式主語。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house,2謂語 1）簡(jiǎn)單謂語 謂語動(dòng)詞一般由動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)來體現(xiàn)。 eg:1) I like walking.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主動(dòng)語態(tài)) 2) I (made) your birthday cake last night.昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。

4、(一般過去時(shí)主動(dòng)語態(tài)) 3)It is used by travelers and business people（ all over the world）.全世界旅行者和商人都使用它 (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài),2)復(fù)合謂語,第一種是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞+不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成 What does this word mean? 這個(gè)單詞是什么意思？ I wont do it again. 我不會(huì)再做它（指這件事it one mor-e time）。 Ill go and move away the bag 我會(huì)移走這袋米的。 You had better catch a bus. 你最好乘坐公交

5、車,第二種是由連系動(dòng)詞+表語構(gòu)成 例如： You look the same. 你(們)看起來一樣. We are all go home ，我們回家吧。 My pen is in my bag. 我的鋼筆在我的書包里。 I fell tired all the time. 我整天感到疲憊. He seemed rather tired last night. 他昨天看起來相當(dāng)?shù)睦? 連系動(dòng)詞和表語在意思上緊密聯(lián)系，不宜分割,系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱補(bǔ)語），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況?？煞譃榱悾籂顟B(tài)系動(dòng)詞、持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞、表像系動(dòng)詞、感官系

6、動(dòng)詞、變化系動(dòng)詞、終止系動(dòng)詞,1) 狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：be動(dòng)詞：am is are (2) 持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞：表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。 如：I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你身體好。 He stayed single. 他仍然是單身,3) 表像系動(dòng)詞：表示“看起來好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。 如：He looks tired. 他看起來很累。 He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。 (4) 感官系動(dòng)詞：表示“起來”，有l(wèi)ook, fee

7、l(摸起來，感覺) , smell(聞起來) , sound(聽起來) , taste(嘗起來，吃起來) 等。 如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布摸起來很軟。 He looks honest, but actually hes a rogue. 他看起來很老實(shí)，實(shí)際他是一個(gè)壞蛋,5) 變化系動(dòng)詞：表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。 His cold was growing worse. 他的感冒

8、越來越嚴(yán)重了。 The milk will soon turn sour. 牛奶很快就會(huì)變酸。 We get wiser as we get old. 隨著年歲的增長(zhǎng)，我們也變得聰明些了。 （6）略,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語,3表語：跟在連系動(dòng)詞后面的詞語或從句,用來說明主語的身份,特征,狀態(tài). 形容詞作表語 You look younger than before. 名詞作表語 My father is a teacher. 副詞作表語 Everyone is here. 介詞短語作表語 They are at the theatre. 不定式作表

9、語 My job is to teach them English. 動(dòng)名詞作表語 Her job is training the nurses. 從句作表語 That is why he didnt come to school yesterday,4.賓語,賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式、或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語或從句來充當(dāng)，它和謂語動(dòng)詞一起說明主語是什么，通常放在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。有時(shí)，會(huì)有雙賓語。如： 名詞作賓語 He never forgives others for their mistakes. 代詞做賓語 He often helps me. 不定式作賓語 He lik

10、es to sleep in the open air. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語 The Americans enjoyed living in China. 從句做賓語 I believe that they can finish the work in time,5賓語的補(bǔ)足語 在英語的句子中有些句子里只有賓語并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面加上賓語的補(bǔ)足語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。我們把“賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”合起來稱為復(fù)合賓語。 如: 形容詞作賓補(bǔ) Dont make your hands dirty. 副詞作賓補(bǔ) We found Li Ming out when we arrived. 介詞短語作

11、賓補(bǔ) Make yourself at home,省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) I saw a girl go into the building. 帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) The boy ordered the dog to lie down. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ) The boss kept them working all day. 過去分詞作賓補(bǔ) Yesterday he got his leg broken,在英語中,常見的“賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)有： “賓語+名詞”。常用于改結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。 We call

12、him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor. “賓語+形容詞”。常見的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如： Do you think his idea wrong? We must keep our classroom clean. We cant leave him alone,4.定語:用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞.形容詞, 形容詞性物主代詞,名詞,不定式,介詞短語, 不定代詞等. This is a red car. The building is their t

13、eaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book,7狀語 狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。它表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式，從句或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。狀語一般放在句末，但有時(shí)也可以放在句首、句中。如： He did it carefully They missed me very much. W

14、ithout his help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. When I was young, I could swim well,初中英語：簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型,這五個(gè)基本句式如下： 1)S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 2)S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 3)S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 4)S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu) 5)S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 【注】S=Subject(主語); V=Verb(謂語動(dòng)詞); P=Predicative(表語); O=Object(賓語);

15、 INO=Indirect Object(間接賓語); DO=Direct Object(直接賓語); OC=Object Complement(賓語補(bǔ)足語,1. S+V 此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,本身能表達(dá)完整的意思,后面不需跟賓語,但有時(shí)可跟副詞、介詞短語等作狀語。如: He laughed. John has read widely. He lives in London,2. S+V+O 此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語。如: Our team beat all the others,3. S+V+P 此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)

16、詞,不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)表明主語特征、身份、狀態(tài)的表語。常見的系動(dòng)詞有:be(是),become(成為),get(變得),turn(變得),grow(變得),look(看起來),feel(感到),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如: The rose smells sweet,主謂雙賓,4. S+V+INO+DO 此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語動(dòng)詞跟有兩個(gè)賓語,這兩個(gè)賓語都是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者,其中指人的是間接賓語,指物的是直接賓語。當(dāng)間接賓語放在直接賓語之后時(shí),通常需要加介詞for或to?？筛p賓語的

17、動(dòng)詞有answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write等。如: Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua,主謂賓賓補(bǔ),5. S+V+O+OC此句型的特點(diǎn)是:謂語動(dòng)詞雖然跟有一個(gè)賓語,但意思還不完整,必須加上另外一個(gè)成分(賓語補(bǔ)足語)對(duì)賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明?？梢杂米髻e語補(bǔ)足語的有:名詞、形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語等。如: We must k

18、eep our school clean. They made him their monitor,Exercises,一、劃分句子成分 1.They are working on the farm now. 2.Seeing is believing. 3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much. 4.She became a doctor in 1998. 5.The book lying on the floor are mine. 6.Suddenly it begins to rain,7.To catch the train, I got up e

19、arly yesterday 8.I always find her happy 9.He wonders if I still study English. 10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine. 11.We always work hard at English. 12.He said he didnt come,13.They love each other. 14.What did you bye? 15.She watched her daughter playing

20、the piano. 16.your job today is to help the old. 17.Speaking doesnt mean doing. 18.Bye the time I got to the station, the train had left. 19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 20.It takes me an hour to get there,二、指出下列句中主語的中心詞,The teacher with two of

21、his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult,三、選出句中謂語的中心詞,I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get lon

22、ger and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. t

23、wins C. have D. breakfast,Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did

24、 you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book,四、挑出下列句中的賓語,My brother hasnt done his homework. A B C D People all over the world speak English. A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D Some of the students in the sc

25、hool want to go A swimming, how about you? B C D,The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. A B C D They made him monitor of the class. A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on A B C D the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. A B C D They didnt know who Fat

26、her Christmas really is. A B C D,五、挑出下列句中的表語,The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D Soon they all became interested in the subject. A B C D She was the first to learn about it. A B C D,六、挑出下列句中的定語,They use Mr. Mrs. with

27、 the family name. A B C D What is your given name? A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B C D I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! A B C D,七、挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語,She likes the c

28、hildren to read A B C newspapers and books in the reading-room. D He asked her to take the boy out of A B C school. D She found it difficult to do the work. A B C D,They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B C D Did you see Li Ming playing football on A B the playground just now? C D,八、挑出下列句中的狀語,There was a big smile on her face. A B