英國(guó)君主政體-British-Monarchyppt課件

1、British Monarchy,Constitutional Monarchy君主立憲制: a monarchic government with the Queen as the head of the state,1,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,英國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)議會(huì)制君主立憲制,英國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)議會(huì)制君主立憲政體 1英國(guó)的“不成文憲法” 英國(guó)是實(shí)行 “不成文憲法” 的國(guó)家。英國(guó)憲法主要由重要的歷史文件和議會(huì)制定的法律構(gòu)成。 最早可追溯至1215年的自由大憲章，其中以英國(guó)革命時(shí)期制定的法律居多。 如 權(quán)利請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)（1628）、人身保護(hù)法（1679）、權(quán)利法案（1689）、王位繼承法（1701）等。 （1）權(quán)利法

2、案 對(duì)國(guó)王權(quán)力作出明確限制，確保議會(huì)權(quán)力不受君權(quán)侵犯。 （2）王位繼承法 第一，王位繼承法 徹底杜絕了天主教徒和斯圖亞特王朝重新復(fù)位的可能性。 第二，王位繼承法 還進(jìn)一步規(guī)定王位繼承者必須是新教徒。 第三，王位繼承法 對(duì)王權(quán)作出進(jìn)一步限制。國(guó)王諭詔須經(jīng)政府有關(guān)大臣副署才能生效；只要法官稱職，國(guó)王非經(jīng)議會(huì)同意不得將其免職；國(guó)王無(wú)權(quán)赦免受議會(huì)彈劾的大臣,2,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,2英國(guó)國(guó)王的地位和權(quán)力 （1）英國(guó)國(guó)王成為“統(tǒng)而不治”的虛君。 國(guó)王在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的財(cái)政權(quán)、 政治上的諭詔權(quán)和軍事上的招募軍隊(duì)權(quán)全被議會(huì)奪取或被議會(huì)瓜分，王權(quán)的權(quán)力基礎(chǔ)發(fā)生根本性動(dòng)搖，國(guó)王成為國(guó)家的象征。 （2）“君權(quán)神授” 思想被徹

3、底拋棄，“人民主權(quán)” 在實(shí)踐中得到確立。 （3）英國(guó)國(guó)王還有形式上的權(quán)力： 第一，國(guó)王是英國(guó)議會(huì)的組成部分； 第二，議會(huì)通過(guò)的法律在形式上須經(jīng)國(guó)王批準(zhǔn)才能生效； 第三，接受首相的請(qǐng)求，解散議會(huì)重新選舉,3,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Basic Structure of UK Central Government,4,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,The central government,the Monarch,Parliament,the Cabinet,House of Lords (Lord Chancellor,House of Commons (Speaker,the monarch,King or Qu

4、een,Prime Minister and some important ministers,the symbol of the country,5,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,1. The Monarch,Queen Elizabeth II,Real name: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor Birth: 21 April 1926 in London Children: 3 sons, 1 daughter,6,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Chief of the State - Queen Elizabeth II,7,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,The Present Queen,

5、Elizabeth II, By The Grace Of God, Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland And Of Her Other Realms And Territories Queen, Head Of The Commonwealth, Defender Of The Faith,8,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Elizabeth II Elizabeth II became queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland i

6、n 1952 upon the death of her father, King George VI. Throughout her reign she has been a symbol of unity and continuity within the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations,9,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth IIBorn: April, 21 1926 - Accession: February 6, 1952,10,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,The Crown,11,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲

7、,What powers does the Queen have? Superficially, she is : traditional and symbolic 1) official head of state, 2) head of the legal system of Britain, 3) head of the judiciary, 4) commander-in-chief of the armed forces, 5) head of the Church of England,12,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,She appoints the Prime Minister, mini

8、sters, and important officials and officers. -She presides the great state functions -She gives many important honors and awards. -She concludes treaties and declares war. -She remits all or part of the sentence passed on a criminal by granting a royal pardon,13,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Succession 繼位,1) Sons & desce

9、ndants (older to younger) 2) Daughters & descendants 3) Brothers & descendants,14,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Coronation加冕禮,It is a ceremony of crowning a king or a queen. A) Time: an interval after the death of the old king B) Place: Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特教堂 C) Formality: grand and pompous D)Conductor: the Archbishop

10、 of Canterbury 坎特伯雷大主教的使者 E) Participants: VIPs in Britain and foreign guests,15,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Westminster Abbey, the most famous church in UK,威斯敏斯特教堂,16,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Residence,Buckingham Palace in Westminster is the official London residence of the British sovereign,17,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,The Buckingham Palace（白金漢宮） was

11、built as a house for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703. It has served as the official London residence of Britains sovereigns since 1837. Today it is the Queens official residence,18,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Buckingham Palace,19,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Buckingham Palace,20,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,State Dining Room in Buckingham Palace,21,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Engl

12、ands Royal Center Windsor Castle, 32 kilometers (20 miles) west of London on the Thames, has been the residence of Englands royal family for 900 years. Built as a fortress in 1070 by William the Conqueror, the first Norman (French) king of England, Windsor Castle has been the site of several royal b

13、irths and marriages over the centuries. Nearby is Eton, the largest and best known of Englands private schools,22,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Windsor Castle 溫莎城堡,23,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Windsor Castle,24,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Guards at Windsor Castle Windsor Castle, one of the most important royal residences in England, occupies 5 hectares (13 acres) on the north shore of the Thames, west of London,25,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,Hampton Court Palace 漢普頓宮,26,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,National Festival,The Queens birthday On the second Saturday in June “Trooping the color” around Buckingham Palace,27,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,From Buckingham to Westminster,28,外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院李玲,