中考英語閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)最實(shí)用ppt課件

1、The Skills of reading comprehension,Welcome to The Reading Kingdom,考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié),猜測(cè)生詞含義,推理判斷,歸納主旨大意,推測(cè)作者的態(tài)度、意圖和目的,閱讀理解考查題型,一）事實(shí)性細(xì)節(jié)題,對(duì)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、特征、方式、數(shù)字等的尋找 對(duì)原因、結(jié)果、事實(shí)的正確理解 常用提問方式： 1. According to the passage, who (what, why, where, when，how many/much, how long).? 2. According to the passage, which of the follow

2、ing statements is (not) true,通常是特殊疑問句或判斷句子正誤,1.He / she should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/ she should have work experience in a restaurant. The ad tells us that_ A. The assistant must be a man. B. The assistant must have once worked in a restaurant. C. Pucci pizza has bra

3、nches all over China,B,事實(shí)理解題解題技巧,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題一般在: 1文中有原句； 2找相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行比對(duì); 3找近義詞或同義句; 4進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算; 在讀文章時(shí)把這些信息劃下來,二） 猜測(cè)詞義,詞匯題是詢問文章中出現(xiàn)的某個(gè)詞、詞組或 句子含義的題型。 常見的提問方式有： 1) The word . refers to _ 2) The underlined . probably means _,1、根據(jù)定義、釋義、舉例或復(fù)述猜詞常用的：be, be called, mean，破折號(hào)或定語從句等來表示,Well, Ive relearned it. I hope I have

4、 time left to enjoy the successes of others and to take pleasure in the day. Thats the heart of the watermelon. “the heart of the watermelon” refers to_. A. the best part of the watermelon. B. the writers busy life C. the writers decision of making money. D. the writers hope of enjoying life,D,2、根據(jù)上

5、下文情景和邏輯進(jìn)行判斷,As they go around town, they help people. When they find lost children, they take the children home. If they see a fight, they put an end to it right away. They know all the streets and roads well. Often people ask them how to get to a place in town. In the text, “put an end to” means _

6、A. stop B. cut C. kill D. fly,A,There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese? _ A. 自來水 B. 大氣 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽,D,and,3、根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞來猜測(cè),3、根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞來猜

7、測(cè) 表示因果關(guān)系的： 表示同義關(guān)系的： 表示反義關(guān)系的,because, as, since, for, so, as a result,and, like, just asthe same as,but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of,演練1,A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases . One is “to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to t

8、ell a secret” Now when someone lets out a secret, he “l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag.” Q:John lets the cat out of the bag” means he A. makes everyone know a secret. B. the woman bout a cat. C. buys a cat in the bag. D. sells the cat in the bag,A,實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練2,If you want to be a musician, you usually have to m

9、ove to an area that has a lot of jobs, such as New York City. The cost of living in these areas is usually very high. The third disadvantage is that you cant have a stable family life. Different jobs will take a musician to different places, so most musicians are unable to have a regular family. Wha

10、t does the underlined word “stable” mean in Chinese? _ A. 幸福的 B. 穩(wěn)定的 C. 健康的,B,三）推理判斷考查邏輯推理能力、語言分析能力和綜合歸納能力,下面哪些方式屬于推理判斷題？ We can infer(推斷) from the story that_ Whats the passage mainly about? It can be inferred from the passage that _ According to the story, what would happen next? The first paragra

11、ph tells us that _ What can we learn from the passage,_,1、事實(shí)推理：先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思,Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People dont want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news. Accordi

12、ng to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV? _ You often play football with your friends after school. Your teacher has got a cold. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasnt been caught. The bike in front of your house is lost,C,danger,bad,When you cough or sneeze

13、, please turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. Afterwards, you should say, “Excuse me.” This is a rule I set for my students. It is so simple, but many kids have never been told to do this. What does the underlined word “this” mean?_ Dont cough or snee

14、ze in front of people Dont stand beside someone who coughs or sneezes. Many people cough or sneeze on the underground train. Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and say sorry,D,解題技巧：推斷題在文章無法直接找到答 案，須在正確理解文章字面意思的基礎(chǔ) 上，運(yùn)用邏輯推理的方法，綜合主旨句、 主題句和上下文信息以及作者的措辭，作 出總結(jié)性的判斷。同時(shí)要特別注意代詞所 指代的對(duì)象,四）歸納主旨大意:主要包括主題思

15、想、寫作意圖、文章的題目等,常見的提問方式有： (1）What is the main idea of the passage? (2) The first paragraph tells us that _ (3) Which of the following expresses the main idea? (4) The passage is mainly about _ (5) The best title for the story is _ (6) Which of the following is the best title,Can you find the topic sen

16、tence,All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another

17、 kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain .Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears,2. Reading is a good habit, but the problem is , theres too much to read these days, and too little time to read every word of it. There are hundreds of skills to hel

18、p you read more in less time. Here are two skills that I think are especially good,_,_,解題技巧：此類題目多出現(xiàn)于議論文和說明文。要確定文章的主題思想，最重要的是要找到主題句。主題句一般在段首或段尾，有時(shí)也在中間,3. Do you know more and more Chinese artists have made regular donations to charity or put their efforts into charity work in China? Here lets know so

19、me of them,What is the passage mainly about? _ A. Chinese charity work. B. Charity work of some Chinese artists. C. Some famous Chinese artists. D. Organizations started by Chinese artists,B,_,五）作者的意圖、態(tài)度和目的題,1、作者的語氣態(tài)度往往不會(huì)直接寫在文章里，只能通過細(xì)讀文章，從作者的選詞及修飾手段中體會(huì)出來。 常見的提問方式有： (1) What is the writers purpose in

20、 writing the passage? (2) The writer probably feels that _ (3) What is the writers main point? (4) What is the writers attitude towards? (5) In the passage the writer tries to tell us that _ (6) The writer suggest(暗示) that _ (7) The writer wants to prove that _,題目都是圍繞作者的意圖、目的和態(tài)度,解題技巧: 正確理解文章中反映作者態(tài)度和

21、觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵詞，同時(shí)通過選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞來推斷正確答案，學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使用的詞語的褒貶性去判斷作者的態(tài)度，要區(qū)別作者的態(tài)度和其他人的態(tài)度，不應(yīng)把你自己的態(tài)度滲透其中。 Today I can iron pretty well. I know where to start on a shirt and the right way to do the trousers. Now when I think about it, I dont think she is an old lady. I thin she might have been about my age now. Anyway, when

22、I iron, I think of her and silently thank her for all the things I learned. Now the writer _ A. is still afraid of the lady B. hates the strict lady. C. admires the disabled lady. D. is very grateful to the lady,D,Read the passage and finish the exercises,Happiness is important for everyone. Most pe

23、ople want to be happy but few know how to find happiness. Money and success dont bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happiness. Some people believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means happiness. On the

24、 other hand, some people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness. In this way, you have not only money, but also many other things which cant be bought by money. However, other people believe that having lots of money is not happiness, nor is holding a high position in th

25、e government. These people value(重視) their beliefs, or their intelligence, or their health. They think these can make them happy,Here are a few ways to help you be happier. The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future

26、, for example, getting into college or getting a good job that we dont enjoy the present. You should enjoy lifes simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have close friends usually enjoy happier and healthier liv

27、es. The second secret of happiness is to be active. Many people go dancing or play sports. People can forget about their problems and only think about the activities. Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feel good when they volunteer their time to do ma

28、ny meaningful things for other people. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to get food for an old neighbor, or simply help around the house. Now maybe you know how to find happiness,) 1. Some people who hold a high po

29、sition in the government think they can _. ( ) 2. The underlined word “wealthy” means_ in the article. ( ) 3. We can infer（推斷） that Many people find it happy to _. ( ) 4. The passage mainly tells us _. ( ) 5. The writer thinks the secret of happiness is that people _,考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié),歸納主旨大意,推理判斷,猜測(cè)生詞,推測(cè)作者的意圖、

30、態(tài)度、目的,表示因果關(guān)系的：because, as, since, for, so, as a result 表示同義關(guān)系的：and, like, just as 表示反義關(guān)系的： but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of)等等,3）. 根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞猜詞,1.I could see nothing because the light was so faint 2.Tom is very rude, but his brother is quite polite. 3. She is beautiful, and her daughter i

31、s as pretty as her,昏暗的,有禮貌的,漂亮的,點(diǎn)擊中考,There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese? _ A. 自來水 B. 大氣 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽,D,4）根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及普通常識(shí)猜詞,Chi

32、na is our motherland. Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. 3.Its really cold outside, and my hands are both numb,祖國,育兒袋,凍僵了的,麻木的,失去知覺的,2. Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health,4. The boy had a happy family before. However, after the war, he became homeless,Exerci

33、ses: Guess the meaning of the new words quickly,Wealthy means having lots of money,5. You must stop dreaming and face reality,富裕的，有錢的,有害的,現(xiàn)實(shí),3. My mother-in-law, my husbands mother, was a teacher,婆婆,無家可歸的,解題技巧,1. 根據(jù)作者使用的詞語的褒貶去判斷作者的態(tài)度，正確理解反映作者態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵詞。 2. 要區(qū)別作者的態(tài)度和其他人的態(tài)度，不應(yīng)把自己的態(tài)度滲透其中,解題技巧： 找主題句。一般新聞

34、報(bào)道、說明文、議論文大都采用先總述、后分述的敘事方法，因此主題句大都在段首或篇首。 用歸納法寫文章時(shí)，往往表述細(xì)節(jié)的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此結(jié)尾。那么主題句往往就在段末或篇末,2. 邏輯推理型 2) 根據(jù)計(jì)算判斷,If everyone sets their air conditioning (空調(diào))at 26,Beijing will save 400 million kilowatt-hours(千瓦時(shí)) of electricity in one summer. Thats one-third of all the usage of the city in the season

35、,” said a TV advertisement. Beijing will use_ million kilowatt-hours electricity in one summer. A. 1200 B. 800 C. 400,一.閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式,A,2. 邏輯推理型1） 根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷,One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about six oclock, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daug

36、hter, Kathy, to buy some. One day, Kathys parents invited some friends to_. A.have breakfast B. have lunch C. have supper D. have a party,C,一.閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式,4.理解詞句含義型,Now there are many houses around the lake. people often use chemicals in their gardens. They use other chemicals inside their houses for

37、 cleaning or killing insects (昆蟲). There are also many businessmen. Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops. “Chemical” in the story means_. A. 化學(xué)家 B 污染品 C 藥品 D. 化學(xué)制品,D,一.閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式,常用提問方式： According to(根據(jù)) the passage, we know that_ The title (標(biāo)題) of the passage can be_. The writer te

38、lls us_. From the story we can see/ learn / say_ The main idea of this passage is_. What is this passage about,一.閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式,3. 歸納主旨句,The ways of guessing the new words in context,遇到生詞要冷靜,A. 利用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測(cè),根據(jù)單詞的前綴與后綴進(jìn)行猜詞。如，care(小心) careful(小心的) carefully (小心地); write(寫) rewrite (改寫,un- ; dis-;-less : ; m

39、is-: ; re-: ; -ern: -er ,-or, -ist :,2. 根據(jù)“合成詞”猜測(cè)。 如school + bag schoolbag down+stairs downstairs,不無,錯(cuò)誤,再,重復(fù),重新,表方向,表示人,Exercises: Match the meaning with the new words,rebuild modernize man-made unsafe misunderstan-ding,不安全的 誤解 重建 現(xiàn)代化 人造的,1. A lot of the worlds natural resources like oil come from p

40、oor countries. A. 環(huán)境 B. 資源 C. 汽油 2. The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. A. 帽子 B. 雨鞋 C. 眼鏡 3. My mom was a little heavy. And I was almost as plump as my mom. A. 豐滿 B. 苗條 C. 強(qiáng)壯 4. Children have schoolbags with two straps to carry them. A. 口袋 B. 肩帶 C. 紐扣,Exercises: Choose the right ans

41、wer,二.閱讀理解解題方法,1.先看文章,再看試題. 2.先看試題,然后帶著問題再看文章.(常用方法) 三.閱讀理解解題步驟 1.掃讀:即快速閱讀,通覽全文.發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵句(特別要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的頭一句. 2.細(xì)讀:集中精力研讀課文,分清文章體裁,把握文章中心和主要內(nèi)容,進(jìn)而掌握文章細(xì)節(jié)信息(五個(gè)W,who,what,when,where,why) 3.查讀:認(rèn)真檢查,盡量減少答題錯(cuò)誤,Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful. For example, Mr.Bell sometimes goes to his office for work on Sunday morning, for he thinks it is Monday. And Mrs.Bell some- times forget to cook supper for the fami