第5章生態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)方法 計(jì)算課件

1、5,生態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)的方法,一、因子綜合法,二、層次分析法,一、因子綜合法,該方法首先是給出各個(gè)參評(píng)因子的具體,指標(biāo)值，再按照各因子,或因子組,的相對(duì),重要性賦予不同的,權(quán)重,求出總的,綜合,指數(shù)值,最后按評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分不同的,評(píng),價(jià)等級(jí),一般適用于同類型指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià),其計(jì)算公式為,k,i,i,k,i,i,i,pj,D,L,1,1,n,j,j,n,j,pj,j,cp,L,I,1,1,j,參數(shù)權(quán)重,Pj,L,某類因子（指數(shù)）具體值,i,單因子權(quán)重,i,D,參數(shù)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值比,k,評(píng)價(jià)因子數(shù)量,例,從經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、環(huán)境三個(gè)方面對(duì)某城市發(fā),展水平進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),城市發(fā)展水平,經(jīng)濟(jì),社會(huì),環(huán)境,人均,GDP,土地產(chǎn)出率,人

2、均保險(xiǎn),失業(yè)率,大氣,噪聲,經(jīng)濟(jì),社會(huì),環(huán)境,指,標(biāo),失業(yè)率,大氣,噪聲,標(biāo),準(zhǔn),1/3000,美元,4.5,0.5,70dB,測(cè),度,1/3798,美元,6.5,0.4,72dB,權(quán),重,0.6,0.4,0.35,0.65,0.55,0.45,D,0.79,0.62,0.60,1.44,0.80,1.03,GDP,人均,1,土地產(chǎn)出率,1,人均保險(xiǎn),1,畝,萬(wàn)元,100,1,畝,萬(wàn)元,162,1,元,300,1,元,496,1,二氧化硫濃度,mg/m,3,0.35,0.30,0.35,各類指標(biāo)權(quán)重,D,測(cè)度,標(biāo)準(zhǔn),計(jì)算題,從大氣污染、土壤污染和噪聲污染三個(gè)方面，對(duì),某煤礦區(qū)自然環(huán)境污染狀況進(jìn)

3、行綜合評(píng)價(jià),大氣污染,0.4,0.45,SO,2,濃度,參數(shù),0.64mg/m,3,標(biāo)準(zhǔn),0.5,0.3,H,2,S,濃度,0.45mg/m,3,0.5,0.25,CO,濃度,0.69mg/m,3,0.6,土壤污染,0.35,0.4,土壤,Hg,含量,0.24mg/Kg/0.2,0.3,Zn,含量,0.4mg/Kg/0.5,0.3,Cu,含量,1.2mg/Kg/1.0,噪聲污染,0.25,0.55,區(qū)域環(huán)境噪聲,76dB,0.45,交通噪聲,65dB,標(biāo)準(zhǔn),70dB,大氣,權(quán)重,0.4,土壤,權(quán)重,0.35,噪聲,權(quán)重,0.25,指標(biāo),SO,2,H,2,S,CO,Hg,Zn,Cu,環(huán)境,交通,

4、標(biāo)準(zhǔn),0.5,0.5,0.6,0.2,0.5,1.0,70,70,測(cè)度,0.64,0.45,0.69,0.24,0.40,1.2,76,65,權(quán)重,0.45,0.3,0.25,0.4,0.3,0.3,0.55,0.45,D,二、層次分析法,AHP,層次分析法,Analytic Hierarchy Process,是,對(duì)定性問(wèn)題進(jìn)行定量分析的一種簡(jiǎn)便、靈活而,又實(shí)用的多準(zhǔn)則決策方法,它的特點(diǎn)是把復(fù)雜問(wèn)題中的各種因素通過(guò)劃分,為相互聯(lián)系的有序?qū)哟?，使之條理化，根據(jù)對(duì),一定客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的主觀判斷結(jié)構(gòu),主要是兩兩比,較,把專家意見和分析者的客觀判斷結(jié)果直接,而有效地結(jié)合起來(lái)，將每個(gè)層次元素兩兩比較,的重要

5、性進(jìn)行定量描述。而后，利用數(shù)學(xué)方法,計(jì)算反映每一層次元素的相對(duì)重要性次序的權(quán),值,通過(guò)所有層次之間的總排序計(jì)算所有元素,的相對(duì)權(quán)重并進(jìn)行排序,層次分析法的適用范圍,層次分析法適用于多目標(biāo)決策，用于存在多個(gè),影響指標(biāo)的情況下，評(píng)價(jià)各方案的優(yōu)劣程度,當(dāng)一個(gè)決策受到多個(gè)要素的影響，且各要素間,存在層次關(guān)系，或者有明顯的類別劃分，同時(shí),各指標(biāo)對(duì)最終評(píng)價(jià)的影響程度無(wú)法直接通過(guò)足,夠的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行量化計(jì)算的時(shí)候，就可以選擇使,用層次分析法,層次分析法建模,一,問(wèn)題的提出,例,1,購(gòu)物,買鋼筆，一般要依據(jù)質(zhì)量、顏色、實(shí)用性、價(jià),格、外形等方面的因素選擇某一支鋼筆,買飯，則要依據(jù)色、香、味、價(jià)格等方面的因,素選擇

6、某種飯菜,決策是指在面臨多種方案時(shí)需要依據(jù)一定的,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選擇某一種方案,假期旅游，是去風(fēng)光秀麗的蘇州，還是去迷,人的北戴河，或者是去山水甲天下的桂林，一般,會(huì)依據(jù)景色、費(fèi)用、食宿條件、旅途等因素選擇,去哪個(gè)地方,例,2,旅游,例,3,擇業(yè),面臨畢業(yè)，可能有高校、科研單位、企業(yè),等單位可以去選擇，一般依據(jù)工作環(huán)境、工資,待遇、發(fā)展前途、住房條件等因素?fù)駱I(yè),由于經(jīng)費(fèi)等因素，有時(shí)不能同時(shí)開展幾個(gè)課,題，一般依據(jù)課題的可行性、應(yīng)用價(jià)值、理論價(jià),值、被培養(yǎng)人才等因素進(jìn)行選題,面臨各種各樣的方案，要進(jìn)行比較、判斷、評(píng)價(jià),最后作出決策。這個(gè)過(guò)程主觀因素占有相當(dāng)?shù)谋戎亟o用,數(shù)學(xué)方法解決問(wèn)題帶來(lái)不便,T.L.sa

7、aty,等人在,20,世紀(jì),七十年代提出了一種能有效處理這類問(wèn)題的實(shí)用方法,例,4,科研課題的選擇,層次分析法的基本思路,與人們對(duì)某一復(fù)雜決策問(wèn)題的思維、判斷過(guò)程大體一致,選擇鋼筆,質(zhì)量、顏色、價(jià)格、外形、實(shí)用,鋼筆,1,鋼筆,2,鋼筆,3,鋼筆,4,質(zhì)量、顏色、價(jià)格、外形、實(shí)用進(jìn)行排序,將各個(gè)鋼筆的質(zhì)量、顏色、價(jià)格、外形、實(shí)用進(jìn)行排序,經(jīng)綜合分析決定買哪支鋼筆,二、層次分析法基本步驟,1,建立層次結(jié)構(gòu)模型,一般劃分目標(biāo)層、準(zhǔn)則層（指標(biāo)層）和方案層,買鋼筆,質(zhì),量,顏,色,價(jià),格,外,形,實(shí),用,鋼筆,1,鋼筆,2,鋼筆,3,目標(biāo)層,A,準(zhǔn)則層,B,方案層,例,1,A,B,1,B,2,B,n,

8、B,1,b,11,b,12,b,1n,B,2,b,21,b,22,b,2n,B,n,b,n1,b,n2,b,nn,判,斷,矩,陣,2,構(gòu)造兩兩比較判斷矩陣,在層次分析法中，為了使判,斷定量化，關(guān)鍵在于設(shè)法使任意,兩個(gè)方案對(duì)于某一準(zhǔn)則的相對(duì)優(yōu),越程度得到定量描述,一般對(duì)單一準(zhǔn)則來(lái)說(shuō)，兩個(gè)方,案進(jìn)行比較總能判斷出優(yōu)劣，層,次分析法采用,1-9,標(biāo)度方法,對(duì)不,同情況的評(píng)比給出,數(shù)量標(biāo)度,標(biāo),度,定義與說(shuō)明,1,兩個(gè)元素對(duì)某個(gè)屬性具有同樣重要性,3,兩個(gè)元素比較，一元素比另一元素稍微重要,5,兩個(gè)元素比較，一元素比另一元素明顯重要,7,兩個(gè)元素比較，一元素比另一元素重要得多,9,兩個(gè)元素比較，一元素

9、比另一元素極端重要,2,4,6,8,表示需要在上述兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之間拆衷時(shí)的標(biāo)度,1/b,ij,兩個(gè)元素的反比較,層次分析法中賦值說(shuō)明,買,鋼筆,A,質(zhì)量,顏色,價(jià)格,外形,實(shí)用,質(zhì)量,1,1/6,7,4,1,顏色,6,1,2,4,1,價(jià)格,1/7,1/2,1,5,3,外形,1/4,1/4,1/5,1,1/3,實(shí)用,1,1,1/3,3,1,構(gòu),造,兩,兩,判,斷,矩,陣,由上表，可得成對(duì)比較矩陣,A,1,1/6 7 4 1,6,1 2 4 1,1/7,1/2 1 5 3,1/4,1/4 1/5 1 1/3,1,1 1/3 3 1,例,2,建立層次結(jié)構(gòu)模型,選擇旅游地,景,色,費(fèi),用,居,住,飲,食,

10、旅,途,蘇州、北戴河、桂林,旅,游,A,景色,A1,費(fèi)用,A2,居住,A3,飲食,A4,旅途,A5,景色,A1,1,1/2,4,3,3,費(fèi)用,A2,2,1,7,5,5,居住,A3,1/4,1/7,1,1/2,1/3,飲食,A4,1/3,1/5,2,1,1,旅途,A5,1/3,1/5,3,1,1,構(gòu),造,兩,兩,判,斷,矩,陣,由上表，可得成對(duì)比較矩陣,A,1,1/2 4 3 3,2,1 7 5 5,1/4,1/7 1 ? 1/3,1/3,1/5 2 1 1,1/3,1/5 3 1 1,用,5,個(gè)因素給蘇州、北戴河、桂林方案,層打分,景色,蘇州,北戴,河,桂林,蘇州,1,2,5,北戴,河,1/2

11、,1,2,桂林,1/5,1/2,1,費(fèi)用,蘇州,北戴,河,桂林,蘇州,1,1/3,1/8,北戴,河,3,1,1/3,桂林,8,3,1,用,5,個(gè)因素給蘇州、北戴河、桂林方案,層打分,居,住,蘇,州,北,戴,河,桂,林,蘇,州,1,1,3,北,戴,河,1,1,3,桂,林,1/3,1/3,1,飲,食,蘇,州,北,戴,河,桂,林,蘇,州,1,3,4,北,戴,河,1/3,1,1,桂,林,1/4,1,1,旅,途,蘇,州,北,戴,河,桂,林,蘇,州,1,1,1/4,北,戴,河,1,1,1/4,桂,林,4,4,1,由上表，可得成對(duì)比較矩陣,3,排序及檢驗(yàn),求矩陣的特征根和特征向,量,4,一致性檢驗(yàn),5,求層

12、次總排序,判斷矩陣,最大特征根,特征向量,一致性,檢驗(yàn),權(quán)重,方法,1,求判斷矩陣的,特征根,最大特征根,求最大特征根,對(duì)應(yīng)的特征向,量,權(quán)重,歸一化,方法,2,判斷,矩陣,和積法,權(quán)重,最大特征根,矩陣特征根與特征向量,矩陣的特征根及特征向量,1,概念：對(duì)于一個(gè),P,階方陣,A,如果存在一個(gè),P,維列,向量,U,和一個(gè)非,0,數(shù)，使得,即,U,AU,P,P,P,PP,P,P,P,P,u,u,u,u,u,u,u,u,u,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,22,21,1,12,11,則稱,為矩陣,A,的特征根,latent root,或特征值,eigenva

13、lue,，而,U,稱為,所對(duì)應(yīng)的特征向量,eigenvector,，特征根和特征向量總是成對(duì)地聯(lián)系,在一起,對(duì)于,P,階方陣,A,最多有,P,個(gè)非,0,特征根，可依其大小排,列為,相對(duì)應(yīng)的,P,個(gè)特征向量,為,P,2,1,P,U,U,U,2,1,2,計(jì)算方法：由,可得,適當(dāng),變換得,對(duì)于非,0,的特征向量,U,必然有,即,U,AU,O,U,AU,O,U,I,A,0,I,A,0,2,1,2,22,21,1,12,11,PP,P,P,P,P,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,上式叫做,特征方程,它的解,即是,A,的特征根,i,求出特征根后，再將某個(gè)特征根代入,即,0,i,i,U,I,A,0,0,

14、0,2,1,2,1,2,22,21,1,12,11,iP,i,i,PP,P,P,P,i,P,i,u,u,u,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,上式可以化為,P,個(gè)齊次線性方程，由它們組成聯(lián)立方程組,即,解該方程組，得,各分量的值。對(duì)每個(gè),重復(fù)以上過(guò),程，就可得到全部特征向量,0,0,0,2,2,1,1,2,22,22,21,21,1,2,12,1,11,iP,i,PP,i,P,i,P,iP,P,i,iP,P,i,i,i,u,a,u,a,u,a,u,a,u,a,u,a,u,a,u,a,u,a,i,u,i,層次分析法實(shí)例,比較甲、乙、丙三個(gè)地區(qū)的城,市可持續(xù)發(fā)展水平，用六個(gè)屬性來(lái),衡量：人口結(jié)構(gòu)

15、、城市環(huán)境、資源,配置、生產(chǎn)效率、社會(huì)保障、可持,續(xù)性，分別用,p,1,p,2,p,3,p,4,p,5,p,6,來(lái)表示。判斷矩陣,B,如下,比較城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展水平,人,口,結(jié),構(gòu),城,市,環(huán),境,資,源,配,置,生,產(chǎn),效,率,社,會(huì),保,障,可,持,續(xù),性,甲,乙,丙,w,1,w,2,w,3,w,4,w,5,w,6,目標(biāo)層,方案層,指,標(biāo),層,A,p,1,p,2,p,3,p,4,p,5,p,6,p,1,1,1,1,4,1,1/2,p,2,1,1,2,4,1,1/2,p,3,1,1/2,1,5,3,1/2,p,4,1/4,1/4,1/5,1,1/3,1/3,p,5,1,1,1/3,3,1,1

16、,p,6,2,2,2,3,1,1,判,斷,矩,陣,根據(jù)三個(gè)地區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀給甲、乙、丙每,個(gè)目標(biāo)的層性打分,P,1,甲,乙,丙,甲,1,1/4,1/2,乙,4,1,3,丙,2,1/3,1,人,口,結(jié),構(gòu),p,1,P,2,甲,乙,丙,甲,1,1/4,1/5,乙,4,1,1/2,丙,5,2,1,城,市,環(huán),境,p,2,根據(jù)三個(gè)地區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀給甲、乙、丙每,個(gè)目標(biāo)的層性打分,P,3,甲,乙,丙,甲,1,3,1/5,乙,1/3,1,1,丙,5,1,1,資,源,配,置,p,3,根據(jù)三個(gè)地區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀給甲、乙、丙每,個(gè)目標(biāo)的層性打分,P,4,甲,乙,丙,甲,1,1/3,5,乙,3,1,7,丙,1/5,1/7,1,生,產(chǎn)

17、,效,率,p,4,根據(jù)三個(gè)地區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀給甲、乙、丙每,個(gè)目標(biāo)的層性打分,P,5,甲,乙,丙,甲,1,1,7,乙,1,1,7,丙,1/7,1/7,1,社,會(huì),保,障,p,5,根據(jù)三個(gè)地區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀給甲、乙、丙每,個(gè)目標(biāo)的層性打分,P,6,甲,乙,丙,甲,1,7,9,乙,1/7,1,5,丙,1/9,1/5,1,可,持,續(xù),性,p,6,根據(jù)三個(gè)地區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀給甲、乙、丙每,個(gè)目標(biāo)的層性打分,解：,1,畫出層次分析圖,A,p,1,p,2,p,3,p,4,p,5,p,6,p,1,1,1,1,4,1,1/2,p,2,1,1,2,4,1,1/2,p,3,1,1/2,1,5,3,1/2,p,4,1/4,1/4,1/5,

18、1,1/3,1/3,p,5,1,1,1/3,3,1,1,p,6,2,2,2,3,1,1,判,斷,矩,陣,2,求出目標(biāo)層的權(quán)數(shù)估計(jì),用和積法計(jì)算其最大特征向量,和積法具體計(jì)算步驟,o,將判斷矩陣的每一列元素作歸一,化處理，其元素的一般項(xiàng)為,i,j=1,2,.n,A,p,1,p,2,p,3,p,4,p,5,p,6,p,1,1,1,1,4,1,1/2,p,2,1,1,2,4,1,1/2,p,3,1,1/2,1,5,3,1/2,p,4,1/4,1/4,1/5,1,1/3,1/3,p,5,1,1,1/3,3,1,1,p,6,2,2,2,3,1,1,6.25 5.75 6.53 20 7.33 3.83,

19、A,p,1,p,2,p,3,p,4,p,5,p,6,p,1,0.16,0.17,0.15,0.20,0.14,0.13,p,2,0.16,0.17,0.30,0.20,0.14,0.13,p,3,0.16,0.09,0.15,0.25,0.42,0.13,p,4,0.04,0.04,0.03,0.05,0.05,0.09,p,5,0.16,0.17,0.05,0.15,0.14,0.26,p,6,0.32,0.34,0.30,0.15,0.14,0.26,6.25 5.75 6.53 20 7.33 3.83,o,將每一列經(jīng)歸一化處理后的判斷,矩陣按行相加為,i =1,2,.n,A,p,1,p

20、,2,p,3,p,4,p,5,p,6,p,1,0.16,0.17,0.15,0.20,0.14,0.13,p,2,0.16,0.17,0.30,0.20,0.14,0.13,p,3,0.16,0.09,0.15,0.25,0.42,0.13,p,4,0.04,0.04,0.03,0.05,0.05,0.09,p,5,0.16,0.17,0.05,0.15,0.14,0.26,p,6,0.32,0.34,0.30,0.15,0.14,0.26,0.95,1.10,1.20,0.30,0.93,1.51,o,對(duì)向量,W,W,1,W,2,W,n,T,歸一化處理,W,i,i =1,2,.n,W,i,W

21、,i,W,W,1,W,2,W,n,T,即為所求的特征向量的近似解,i,1,n,A,p,1,p,2,p,3,p,4,p,5,p,6,p,1,0.16,0.17,0.15,0.20,0.14,0.13,p,2,0.16,0.17,0.30,0.20,0.14,0.13,p,3,0.16,0.09,0.15,0.25,0.42,0.13,p,4,0.04,0.04,0.03,0.05,0.05,0.09,p,5,0.16,0.17,0.05,0.15,0.14,0.26,p,6,0.32,0.34,0.30,0.15,0.14,0.26,0.95,1.10,1.20,0.30,0.93,1.51,5

22、.99,A,p,1,p,2,p,3,p,4,p,5,p,6,p,1,0.16,0.17,0.15,0.20,0.14,0.13,p,2,0.16,0.17,0.30,0.20,0.14,0.13,p,3,0.16,0.09,0.15,0.25,0.42,0.13,p,4,0.04,0.04,0.03,0.05,0.05,0.09,p,5,0.16,0.17,0.05,0.15,0.14,0.26,p,6,0.32,0.34,0.30,0.15,0.14,0.26,0.16,0.18,0.20,0.05,0.16,0.25,W,權(quán)重,用和積法計(jì)算其最大特征向量為,W,W,1,W,2,W,n,T,

23、0.16,0.18,0.20,0.05,0.16,0.25,T,即為所求的特征向量的近似解,o,計(jì)算判斷矩陣最大特征根,max,i,1,n,AW,i,nW,i,max,AW),1,1,1,4,1,1/2,1,1,2,4,1,1/2,1,1/2,1,5,3,1/2,1/4,1/4,1/5,1,1/3,1/3,1,1,1/3,3,1,1,2,2,2,3,1,1,0.16,0.18,0.20,0.05,0.16,0.25,1.025,1.225,1.305,0.309,1.066,1.64,1*0.16+1*0.18+1*0.20+4*0.05+1,0.16+1/2*0.25,AW,i,nW,i,1

24、.025,6*0.16,0.309,6*0.05,1.066,6*0.16,1.225,6*0.18,1.305,6*0.20,1.640,6*0.25,i,1,n,max,max,AW,i,nW,i,1.068,0.858,1.110,1.134,1.0875,1.093,6.35,i,1,n,一致性檢驗(yàn),實(shí)際評(píng)價(jià)中評(píng)價(jià)者只能對(duì),A,進(jìn)行粗略判斷,這樣有時(shí),會(huì)犯不一致的錯(cuò)誤,如：已判斷,P,1,比,P,2,重要,P,2,比,P,3,較重要,那么,P,1,應(yīng)該比,P,3,更重要。如果又判斷,P,1,比,P,3,較重要或同等重要，這就犯了邏輯,錯(cuò)誤，就需要進(jìn)行一致性檢驗(yàn),判,斷矩陣,一致性指標(biāo),

25、C.I.(Consistency Index,C.I.,max,n,n-1,一致性指標(biāo),C.I,的值越大,表明判斷矩陣偏離完全一致性的,程度越大,C.I,的值越小，表明,判斷矩陣越接近于完全一致性,判,斷矩陣,一致性指標(biāo),C.I.(Consistency Index,C.I.,6.35- 6,6-1,0.07,對(duì)于多階判斷矩陣，引入,平,均隨機(jī)一致性指標(biāo),R.I,Random,Index,下表給出了,1-15,階正互反矩,陣計(jì)算,1000,次得到的平均隨機(jī)一致,性指標(biāo),n,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,RI,0,0,0.58,0.90,1.12,1.24,1.32,1.41,n,9,10,1

26、1,12,13,14,15,RI,1.45,1.49,1.52,1.54,1.56,1.58,1.59,當(dāng),n3,時(shí)，判斷矩陣永遠(yuǎn)具有,完全一致性。判斷矩陣一致性指標(biāo),C.I,與同階平均隨機(jī)一致性指標(biāo),R.I,之比稱為,隨機(jī)一致性比率,C.R,Consistency Ratio,C.I,R.I,C.R.,隨機(jī)一致性比率,C.R,Consistency,Ratio,C.R.,C.I,R.I,0.07,1.24,0.056 0.10,當(dāng),C.R. 0.10,時(shí)，便認(rèn)為,判斷矩陣具有可以接受的一致,性,當(dāng),C.R. 0.10,時(shí)，就需要調(diào),整和修正判斷矩陣，使其滿足,C.R. 0.10,從而具有滿意

27、的,一致性,3,求出方案層對(duì)目標(biāo)層的最大,特征向量【同,2,，求得,W,甲,1,W,乙,1,W,丙,1,0.14,0.62,0.24,W,甲,2,W,乙,2,W,丙,2,0.10,0.32,0.58,w,甲,1,W,乙,1,W,丙,1,W,甲,3,W,乙,3,W,丙,3,0.14,0.62,0.24,W,甲,4,W,乙,4,W,丙,4,0.28,0.65,0.07,W,甲,5,W,乙,5,W,丙,5,0.47,0.47,0.06,W,甲,6,W,乙,6,W,丙,6,0.80,0.15,0.05,1,2,5,丙,1/2,1,4,乙,1/5,1/4,1,甲,丙,乙,甲,P,2,城,市,環(huán),境,p,

28、2,1,1,5,丙,1,1,1/3,乙,1/5,3,1,甲,丙,乙,甲,P,3,資,源,配,置,p,3,層次總排序,利用層次單排序的計(jì)算結(jié)果,進(jìn)一步綜合出對(duì)更上一層次的優(yōu)劣,順序，就是層次總排序的任務(wù),4,求得三個(gè)地區(qū)所的總分,甲的總分,W,i,W,i,1,0.16,0.14,0.18,0.10,0.20,0.14,0.05,0.28,0.16,0.47,0.25,0.80 = 0.3576,乙的總分,W,i,W,i,2,0.16,0.62,0.18,0.32,0.20,0.62,0.05,0.65,0.16,0.47,0.25,0.15 = 0.4372,丙的總分,W,i,W,i,3,0.1

29、6,0.24,0.18,0.58,0.20,0.24,0.05,0.07,0.16,0.07,0.25,0.05 = 0. 2182,層次總排序,層,次,P,1,P,2,P,3,P,4,P,5,P,6,方案層,層次總,排序權(quán),重值,0.16,0.18,0.20,0.05,0.16,0.25,甲,0.14,0.10,0.14,0.28,0.47,0.80,0.3576,乙,0.62,0.32,0.62,0.65,0.47,0.15,0.4372,丙,0.24,0.58,0.24,0.07,0.07,0.05,0.2182,由表看出,三個(gè)地區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展水平優(yōu),劣順序?yàn)?乙,甲,丙,所以,認(rèn)為乙地區(qū)的城市可持,續(xù)發(fā)展能力最好,計(jì)算：某配送中心的設(shè)計(jì)中要對(duì)某類物流裝備,進(jìn)行決策，現(xiàn)初步選定三種設(shè)備配套方案，應(yīng),用層次分析法對(duì)優(yōu)先考慮的方案進(jìn)行排序,構(gòu)造判斷矩