高考必考語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)之被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤課堂

1、1,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),錯(cuò)中學(xué),易掌握,印象深,永不忘,2,歌訣：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),be,字變，過去分詞跟后面,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成,以,do,為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為,1,am/is/are +done,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),2,has /have been done,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),3,am/is /are being done,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),4,was/were done,一般過去時(shí),5,had been done,過去完成時(shí),6.was/were being done,過去進(jìn)行時(shí),7,shall/will be done,一般將來(lái)時(shí)例,8,should/would be done,過去將來(lái)時(shí)例,9,shall/will

2、 have been done,將來(lái)完成時(shí)（少用,10,should/would have been done,過去將來(lái)完成時(shí),少用,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常,為十種時(shí)態(tài)的,被動(dòng)形式,被動(dòng),語(yǔ)態(tài)由,be,過,去分詞構(gòu)成,be,隨時(shí)態(tài)的變,化而上變化,3,改錯(cuò),注意,1. The book got written by him,特點(diǎn),1,通常不接,by sb,但有時(shí)接,by sth,特點(diǎn),2,用,get,的地方，一般可用,be,代替，但,用,be,的地方不一定能用,get,代替,特點(diǎn),3 get,多用于一般過去時(shí),特點(diǎn),4,這種結(jié)構(gòu)大多是表示狀態(tài)的系表結(jié)構(gòu),如,He got drunk,他喝醉了,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十

3、大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,was,_,get,過去分詞”的四個(gè)特點(diǎn),4,get + pp,過去分詞,的用法,get done,結(jié)構(gòu),get,是系動(dòng)詞，后接過去分詞或形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示狀語(yǔ)的改,變，意為“被,變得,它不能和表示一段時(shí)間的,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,get dressed/changed,get married,get burnt,burned,get drunk,get started,get lost,get caught in the rain,get damaged,get excited,get killed,get paid,get hurt,穿衣服,換衣服,結(jié)婚,燒傷,曬黑,喝醉,開始,迷

4、路,被雨淋濕,遭到破壞,激動(dòng),喪命,得到報(bào)酬,5,考點(diǎn),get,過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu),考例,1,Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to,_ before the party.(NMET04-28,2. Be careful when you cross this very busy street,If not, you may_ by a car,北京,2002,3,How are the team playing,Theyre playing well, but one of them _,北京,2002,春,4. As we joined

5、 the big crowd,I _ _from,my friends.(NMET2001,5. Cleaning women in big cities usually,_ by,the hour,get changed,換衣服,get run over,got,hurt,got separated,get paid,get changed,get run over,got hurt,got separated,get paid,6,改錯(cuò),注意,2. A library with five thousand books,are offered to the nation as a gift,

6、解析,a library,是,offer,的承受者，要用被,動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又因主語(yǔ),library,是單數(shù)。注意,with five thousand books,是,a library,是定語(yǔ),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,is,_,將語(yǔ)態(tài)與主謂一致結(jié)合起來(lái)命題,7,1. All the employees except the,manager _(encourage,to work online at home,2. With more forests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth,_(wash) each,year,are encour

7、aged,are being washed away,語(yǔ)法填空,8,3. Great changes have been,taken place in our city since,2000,改錯(cuò),take place,和,happen,都是不及物動(dòng)詞或短,語(yǔ)，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),break out ,break in,belong to, lose,heart, consist of, add up to , rise,happen, succeed, remain, lie ,occur,等都,屬于不及物動(dòng)詞（詞組）不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ),9,The t

8、raffic accident was happened,yesterday,Ill come after the meeting if,time_(permit,The fire was broke out in the capital,building,After the earthquake, few houses,were remained,When we got to the top of the,mountain, the sun had already been,risen,permits,我練、我練、我練練,10,改錯(cuò),注意,4. I Your pronunciation sh

9、ould be,paid attention,有些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ),態(tài)。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不能把后,面的介詞或副詞漏掉,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,to,短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),介詞、副詞不能丟,11,1. The doctor has been sent_.,介詞,2. Your homework should be handed,_after class,副詞,3. Women were looked down _ in,the old days,4. His house was broke _ by a,thief last night,5. Newly-born ba

10、bies are taken good,care _ in hospital,for,in,語(yǔ)法填空,upon/on,into,of,12,6. The patient is being operated_,on,短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見的有,catch sight of,make use of,pay attention to,set fire to,take care of,take hold of,take notice of,keep an eye on,7. Good care must,_babies,particularly while,they are ill,be taken of,be

11、 taken of,解析：由固定短語(yǔ),take good care,of,好好照看,是可知,good care,與,take,是,被動(dòng)關(guān)系,13,改錯(cuò),注意,5. She was heard sing an English,song in the classroom,有些動(dòng)詞如,see , hear , watch , notice, listen to , let,make,等，要求不帶不定式符號(hào),to,的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足,語(yǔ)，但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上不定式符號(hào),to,原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ),變成主語(yǔ)，原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,to,14,1. The boy was

12、made _ cry by his,sister,語(yǔ)法填空,to,But,The strange was let go,15,改錯(cuò),注意,6,1,Whom was English spoken in the,next room just now,Who spoke English in the next room just now,主,動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),先把,who,當(dāng)作主語(yǔ),sb,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，得到下面,的句子,English was spoken by whom in the next,room just now,疑問詞要放在句首變?yōu)?Whom was,English spoken by in th

13、e next room just now,介詞,by,可以同,whom,一起放在前面，也可以放在后面,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,by,16,6,2,French is also taught by our school,改錯(cuò),by,引出動(dòng)作發(fā)出者,我們學(xué)校也教法語(yǔ)。翻譯成,Our school,also teaches French,是錯(cuò)誤的,當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要指明或?yàn)榇蠹宜?時(shí)，通常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),French is also taught in our school,in,_,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,17,1. People should be stopped _,cutting mo

14、re trees,語(yǔ)法填空,from,stop/prevent/ keep sb/sth (from) doing sth,阻止,干某事。在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,from,可以省去，變成,被動(dòng)句,sb/sth be stopped / prevented from,doing sth. from,不可省,Keep sb/sth from,doing sth,意思也是“阻止,干（做,事”無(wú)論,在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,from,不能省去,若省去,from,就變成,keep sb/sth doing sth,使某人一直,干某事,18,2. _was the new bridge built,3. The do

15、ctor is known _ us all,4.The medical team is made up _ two,doctors and ten nurses,By whom,to,of,19,改錯(cuò),注意,5. The job had better been finished,ahead of time,含,had better,的句子由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)作用相,當(dāng)于一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，同,can, may, must,等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ),態(tài)時(shí)相同。類似的詞組還有,seem to ,happen to ,used,to ,have to ,be able to,等,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,be

16、,_,20,改錯(cuò),注意,7. A maths problem was discussed,when I entered the classroom,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為,am/is /are,being,過去分詞。過去進(jìn)行式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ),態(tài)形式為,was / were +being,過去分詞,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,being,21,Have you moved into your new,house,No, it _ (paint) now,語(yǔ)法填空,is being painted,22,改錯(cuò),注意,8. An interesting story was told me,last ni

17、ght,tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb,Sb. be told sth,Sth. be told to sb,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,to,23,1,The cup with mixture was showed,_ the class,2. Some country music was played,_ us,3. A question was asked _ me by,him,to,for,of,bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay,promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell,等

18、,build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch,find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint,play, sing,等,24,改錯(cuò),注意,9. They have married for 2 years,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,been,25,10,This book is sold well here,改錯(cuò),有些動(dòng)詞，如,act, add, brush, burn, clean, cook,count, cut, draw, drive, keep, lock, look, open,read, sell,

19、smell, smoke, strike, wash, wear,write,等，其主動(dòng)形式在一些具體場(chǎng)合表示被動(dòng)意,義。這類句子的特點(diǎn)是：主語(yǔ)往往是“物”而不是,人”。另外，后面往往帶有,well,這一類副詞或者,修飾主語(yǔ)的形容詞,selling,_,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,主動(dòng)表被動(dòng),26,1,This kind of cloth _(wash) well,2,The soup _(taste) wonderful,語(yǔ)法填空,washes,tastes,taste , feel, look, sound, smell,appear,等，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，不可用,于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),主動(dòng)表被動(dòng),3

20、. The patient needs_,take care of,taking care of,to be taken care of,need ,want ,require,三個(gè)詞的主語(yǔ)是后面跟的動(dòng)詞的承受者時(shí),動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式，表示被動(dòng)意思,不定式用被動(dòng)形式，句型為,sb/sth needs/wants/requires doing/to be done,27,4. Eggs wont _(keep) long in,summer,5. English is not easy_(learn,6. Please lend me a pen _(write,keep,to learn,to

21、write with,The meat didnt cook well.,主動(dòng)句,The meat was cooked for a long time,over low heat.,被動(dòng)句,28,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的,6,種場(chǎng)合（詳見非,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在作表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)的不定式，用,主動(dòng)表被動(dòng),在,have,with,there be,后的名詞后的不定,式，表示“有,要,時(shí)，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng),在,This / That / These / Those be,后的名詞,后的不定式，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng),不定式,to blame,to let,等作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng),表示被動(dòng),在表示“（某

22、物）需要”的,need,want,require,等后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,在,be worth,后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng),29,改錯(cuò),注意,11. The Peoples Republic of China,was found on October 1, 1949,find-found-found,found-founded-founded,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,founded,30,改錯(cuò),注意,12. Wet clothes are often hanged up,near a fire in rainy weather,hang-hanged-hanged,絞死；上吊,ha

23、ng-hung-hung,懸掛,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,hung,31,改錯(cuò),注意,13. Only after my friend came,did,the computer repaired,NMET2005,福建卷,將語(yǔ)態(tài)與倒裝結(jié)合起來(lái)命題,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)十大經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤例析,was,32,I cant see any coffee in this cupboard,Has it all,been finished, (NMET2005,春,33,1,So what is the procedure,2013,北京,All the applicants_ (interview) before,a

24、 final decision _(make) by the,authority,填空,are interviewed,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),第一題,解析】考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。句中,applicants,與,interview,之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng),使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；且句子所描述的為一般情況,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),注意,核心指數(shù),難度指數(shù),No.1,is made,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),34,1. I need one more stamp before my,collection _(complete),NMET1994,2. We wont start the work until all,the prepa

25、rations _,make,2014,天津卷,3. Hundreds of jobs _,lose)if the factory closes,is completed,have been made,will be lost,解析】通常說來(lái)。在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),從句中使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將,來(lái)時(shí),前面的,主句中使用將來(lái)時(shí),在高中英語(yǔ)中也,使用現(xiàn)在完,成時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí),表示到將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的事情。句義,直到所有的準(zhǔn)備工作都做好以后，我們才開始工作,復(fù)合句中，從句用一般時(shí)表將來(lái),語(yǔ)法填空,35,2. It is said that the early European,playing-cards _(

26、design) for,entertainment and education .,遼寧卷,06,31,填空,were designed,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),第二題,表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的,被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),注意,核心指數(shù),難度指數(shù),No.2,一般過去時(shí),36,3,More patients _(treat) in,hospital this year than last year,NMET2004,江蘇,26,填空,have been treated,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),第三題,根據(jù),this year,確定為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),注意,核心指數(shù),難度指數(shù),No.3,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),37,4,Although

27、 the causes of cancer,_(uncover), we do not,yet have any practical way to prevent it,山東卷,06-28,填空,are being uncovered,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),第四題,表示現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),注意,核心指數(shù),難度指數(shù),No.4,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),38,5,By the end of last year, another new,gymnasium _(complete,in Beijing.,上海,2003,春,填空,had been completed,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),第五題,由由短語(yǔ),

28、By the end of last year,可知完成這,一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去,表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)候之前,發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),注意,核心指數(shù),難度指數(shù),No.5,過去完成時(shí),39,6. The mayor of Beijing says that all,construction work for the Beijing,Olympics _,complete) by 2006. (2004,高考北京卷,27,填空,will have been completed,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),第六題,表示從現(xiàn)在看在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng),作，用將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),注意,核心指數(shù),難度指數(shù),No.6,將來(lái)完成時(shí),40,7,The rice _(burn,if you had been mor