牛津高中英語(yǔ)1—8模塊重點(diǎn)詞匯講解1.ppt

1、牛津高中英語(yǔ)18模塊重點(diǎn)詞匯講解（一,1.inform(P16, M1): We regret to inform you that our library will be closed next Wednesday, Thursday and Friday for the sports meeting,inform,Usage1: inform + obj.+ (that) / wh- e.g.: (1) I informed him that I would not be able to attend the meeting. 我告訴他說(shuō)我不能參加會(huì)議了,2) Could you plea

2、se inform me how to go about contacting a lawyer? 你能告訴我如何聯(lián)系一位律師嗎,Usage 2: inform +obj + ( of / about ) e.g.: (1) I wasnt informed of the decision until too late. 等我得到通知時(shí)已經(jīng)太晚了。 (2) Why wasnt I informed? 為什么沒(méi)有人告訴我,擴(kuò)展：keep + sb. + informed of sth. 讓某人了解某事的發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài) e.g.: They are kept informed of the develo

3、pment of IT. 他們一直了解信息工業(yè)的發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài),_ what is happening in his own country, he watches TV and reads newspapers every day. To inform B. Informing of C. To be informed of D. Having informed of,擴(kuò)展：information 【U】 informative adj. 增長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí)的，增益 的；有教育性的 e.g.: Children should be encouraged to watch more informative T

4、V programs,2. approve ( P18, M1 ): He approved the idea, and two years later I am the oldest student member of the radio club,approve,Usage 1: vt. , to agree officially to 批準(zhǔn)；通過(guò)；認(rèn)可 e.g.: (1) The city council approved the building plans. 市議會(huì)批準(zhǔn)了這些建筑計(jì)劃,2) The equipment must be bought from a supplier ap

5、proved by the company. 設(shè)備必須從公司認(rèn)可的供應(yīng)商那里購(gòu)買(mǎi),Usage 2: vi. ( of ) , 贊成，同意，支持 e.g.: (1) I dont approve of smoking in bed. 我不贊成在床上吸煙。 (2) You can join the class if your mother approves. 如果你母親同意的話，你可以加入這個(gè) 班級(jí),擴(kuò)展： approval【U】 e.g.: (1) I hope that the arrangements will meet with your approval. 我希望這些安排能夠得到你的贊同

6、。 (2) We cant start building without the councils approval. 未經(jīng)委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)，我們不能動(dòng)工。 其反義詞: disapproval,3. require( P18, M1): When I attended the first meeting, I was required to write a poem and I had to read it out to the group,require,Usage 1: require + obj. + to-v. 要求；命令 e.g.: All passengers are required

7、to show their tickets. 所有乘客都被要求出示車(chē)票,Usage 2: require + that 要求；命令 e.g.: The regulations require that all students shall attend at least 90% of the lectures. 規(guī)定要求所有學(xué)生的聽(tīng)課率至少要達(dá)到90,Usage 3: require sth. of sb. 要求；命令 e.g.: Silence is required of all examination candidates. 應(yīng)試者都要保持安靜,Usage 4: require sth.

8、 / doing sth. / that 需要 e.g.: (1) This suggestion will require careful thought. 這建議需要仔細(xì)考慮,2) To carry out this plan would require increasing our staff by 50% 執(zhí)行這計(jì)劃需要增加50%的人員,5) The urgency of the situation requires that we (should ) make an immediate decision. 形勢(shì)緊急，需要我們立刻做出決定,insist, order, command,

9、 suggest, advise, propose, require, demand, request, ask 等動(dòng)詞,常與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用的動(dòng)詞,e.g.: (1) The expert insisted that the dam (should) not be built over the river. 專(zhuān)家堅(jiān)持要求這條河道上不能建設(shè)堤壩,2) Can you suggest how we (should) do it? 該如何做這件事，你能給點(diǎn)建議嗎,3) It is asked that they ( should ) be allowed to leave. 有人請(qǐng)求準(zhǔn)許他們離開(kāi)。 (

10、4) It is advised that we ( should ) take more vegetables and fruits. 有人建議我們多吃蔬菜和水果,order, command, suggestion, advice, proposal , idea, requirement 等名詞,常與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用的名詞,e.g.: (1) The proposal that the hospital should be closed was rejected by a large majority. 關(guān)閉醫(yī)院的提議遭到大多數(shù)人的拒絕,2) My idea is that we shoul

11、d wait for another hour. 我的想法是我們應(yīng)該再等一個(gè)小時(shí),e.g.: (1) The latest figures suggest that business is improving. 最新的數(shù)據(jù)表明生意正在好轉(zhuǎn),特別提醒: suggest 和 insist,2) He still insists that he was not there at that time. 他還堅(jiān)持說(shuō)當(dāng)時(shí)自己不在場(chǎng),擴(kuò)展： 其名詞 requirement: sth. that is needed or that is demanded as necessary 必需品； 要求之物,requ

12、irement,e.g.: (1) The refugees main requirements are food and shelter. 難民們的主要需要是食物和住所,2) Can this computer handle the requirements of the wages department? 這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)能夠處理工資部門(mén)的需要嗎,3) Candidates who fail to meet these requirements will not be admitted to the University. 未能滿足要求的應(yīng)考生不能上 這所大學(xué),4. spare(P38, M1)

13、: Then when I have some spare time and want to be alone, they call me selfish and unloving,spare,Usage 1: adj., 多余的，剩下的；備用的； 空閑的 e.g.: (1) a spare tyre 備用輪胎 (2) Have you got a spare moment? Id like to discuss. 你有空嗎？我有事與你商量,2) What do you like doing in your spare time? 你空閑的時(shí)候喜歡干什么,Usage 2: vt.,（把多余不用

14、的人或物）撥 出，騰出，抽出，讓給 e.g.:(1) Were so busy that no one in the office can be spared for any other work. 我們辦公室里的人都很忙，騰不出任 何人去干其他任何事,2) Can you spare me five minutes? 你能給我五分鐘的時(shí)間嗎？ (3) - Have you got enough? - Yes; weve got enough and to spare. - 你們夠嗎？ - 夠了，綽綽有余,Usage 3: vt., 節(jié)約，節(jié)省，舍不得，愛(ài)惜 （一般用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句） e.g

15、.: (1) No trouble was spared to make sure the guests enjoyed themselves. 為使賓客盡情歡樂(lè)而不遺余力,2) No expense was spared in providing the food and wine. 為提供酒食而不惜成本,Usage 4: spare + obj.(i) + obj.(d) 使 某人免受不受歡迎的 事；省掉，免除（某人的 需要或麻煩,e.g.: (1) It was a horrible accident Ill spare you the details. 事故很慘，我就不跟你講細(xì)節(jié)了。

16、(2) Use the telephone and spare yourself a visit. 打電話吧，免得跑一趟,5. search (P2, M2): Police in America have stepped up their search for a 15 year old boy who went missing two days ago in Dover,search,Usage 1: noun, 搜查，搜索；尋找 e.g.: (1) They police conducted a long search for the lost child. 警察對(duì)那個(gè)失蹤男孩進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)久

17、 的搜索,2) I went off in search of a garage where I could buy some petrol. 我動(dòng)身去尋找加油站，希望在那里 可以買(mǎi)到汽油,Usage 2: vi., search ( through sp. for sth.) e.g.: (1) He searched through his pockets for a cigarette. 他翻遍口袋尋找香煙,2) Scientists are still searching for a cure to the common cold. 科學(xué)家還在尋找治愈普通感冒的良方。 (3) She

18、searched desperately for some reason to stay. 她拼命尋找留下的理由,Usage 3: vt.，search sp. / sb. ( for sth.) e.g.: (1) The police searched the suspect but found no weapon on him. 警察搜了嫌疑犯的身，但沒(méi)有在他身上 找到武器,3) They searched the woods for the little boy. 他們搜查了小樹(shù)林，尋找那個(gè)小男孩。 (4) Ive searched my conscience and I still

19、think I did the right thing. 我捫心自問(wèn)過(guò)了， 還是認(rèn)為自己 做得是對(duì)的,擴(kuò)展: searching adj., sharp and thorough; anxious to discover the truth e.g.: She gave me a searching look, as if doubting what I said. 她銳利地看著我，似乎在懷疑我所說(shuō)的話,擴(kuò)展：searchlight 探照燈 search party 搜索隊(duì)， 救援隊(duì) search warrant 搜查令， 搜查證,convincing,6. convincing ( P3,

20、M2): We will not give up until we find convincing evidence,convincing 令人信服的 e.g.: Youre not a convincing liar. 你的謊言難以讓人信服,convince sb. ( of sth. / that) 使某人信服 e.g.: (1) I managed to convince them that the story was true. 我設(shè)法使他們相信故事是真實(shí)的。 (2) We finally convinced them of her guilt. 我們最終使他們相信她是有罪的,conv

21、inced ( of ) 信服的，堅(jiān)信的 e.g.: (1) We are all convinced of his innocence. 我們深信他是清白的,2) I felt convinced that they were right. 我深信他們是正確的。 (3) Molly agreed, but she didnt sound very convinced. 莫莉同意了，但好像不太信服,擴(kuò)展： amuse, annoy, amaze, bore, confuse, convince, excite, embarrass, frighten, puzzle, surprise, sh

22、ock, tire + sb,sth. be ) amusing, annoying, amazing, boring, confusing, convincing, exciting, embarrassing, frightening, puzzling , surprising, shocking, tiring,sb. be / get) amused, annoyed, amazed, bored, confused, convinced, excited, embarrassed, frightened, puzzled, surprised, shocked, tired,7.

23、charge (P22, M2): Listen to me young man remember the day when we left you in charge,charge,Usage 1: 【U】, 主管，掌管，責(zé)任 e.g.: (1) Student nurses should not be left alone in charge of hospital wards. 實(shí)習(xí)護(hù)士不可被單獨(dú)留下照顧病房,2) She took charge of the family business when her father died. 她父親去世后，她接管了家族的企業(yè),Usage 2:【

24、C; U】（貨物或勞務(wù)的） 價(jià)錢(qián)；費(fèi)用 e.g.: (1) The admission charge is 5. 入場(chǎng)費(fèi)是五美元,2) Is there any charge for having the goods delivered? 送貨要收費(fèi)嗎？ (3) The faulty part was replaced free of charge. 有瑕疵的零件被免費(fèi)替換了,Usage 3: 【C】： 控告；罪名 e.g.: (1) The police brought a charge of murder against him. 警察控告他犯有謀殺罪。 (2) She faces two

25、 charges of theft. 她面臨著兩宗偷竊罪,Usage 4: vt. / vi. ，要價(jià),（向)收費(fèi)； 索?。ń痤~） e.g.: (1) How much do you charge for a double room? 一間雙人房要多少錢(qián),2) They tried to charge me80 for a night! 一個(gè)晚上要我80英鎊！ (3) They charge a heavy tax on imported wine. 他們對(duì)進(jìn)口酒收取高額稅,Usage 5: vt., charge sb. with = accuse sb. of 控告；指控 e.g.: He

26、 was charged with the robbery. 他被控告犯有謀殺罪,Usage 6: vt. / vi. , （使）充電 e.g.: (1) His mobile phone is being charged. 他的手機(jī)正在充電,2) If the red light comes on, it means that the battery isnt charging. 如果紅燈亮了， 就意味著電池沒(méi)有充 上電,8. reach( P38, M2): He described a beautiful kingdom where three rivers joined togethe

27、r, snow- capped mountains reached to the sky, and fields of long grass covered the earth,reach,Usage 1: vt. / vi.（東西或地方） 大得足以及到；伸展，延伸 e.g.: (1) The ladder wont quite reach (as far as ) the window. 梯子夠不到窗戶的高度。 (2) The garden reaches down to the lake. 花園一直延伸到湖邊,Usage 2: vt.，到達(dá)，抵達(dá) e.g.: (1) After sever

28、al changes of plane, we finally reached London on Tuesday. 經(jīng)過(guò)好幾次轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)之后，我們終于在星期二到達(dá)了倫敦,2) Have you reached the end of the book yet? 這本書(shū)你有沒(méi)有看完？ (3) The news only reached me then. 我那時(shí)才得到消息。 (4) Shes reached the age of 50. 她已50了,5) Our sales to Japan have reached record levels. 我們對(duì)日本的銷(xiāo)售額已達(dá)到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄水平。 (6) The t

29、wo sides failed to reach an agreement after several hours of discussion. 經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)小時(shí)的討論，雙方未能達(dá)成協(xié)議,Usage 3: vi. / vt，伸出手臂 伸手觸及；伸手去取，伸手遞給 e.g.: (1) He reached across the table and picked up the book. 他伸手越過(guò)桌子去取那本書(shū)。 (2) reach for stars 伸手摘星（比喻難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,3) Are you tall enough to reach the apple on the tree? 你夠得著

30、樹(shù)上的蘋(píng)果嗎？ (4) We could see nothing but houses as far as the eye could reach. 放眼望去，除卻房屋，什么也看不到,5) I reached down the childs cap from the hook. 我從掛鉤上取下了孩子 的帽子。 (6) Could you reach me the book from the top shelf? 可否把頂層架上的那本書(shū)取給我,Usage 4: vt.，與聯(lián)絡(luò) e.g.: You can usually reach him on this phone number. 通常打這個(gè)電

31、話 可以與他取得聯(lián)系,Usage 5: U , (手、能力、智力、影響等) 可及之范圍 e.g.: The medicine was put out of the childs reach. 藥被放在孩子夠不著的地方,Usage 6: (江、河的)一段流域;地帶; 大片地區(qū) C e.g.: the upper reaches of the river 河的上游地區(qū),9. claim(P38, M2): In September 1977, the government in Yunnan Province claimed that Zhongdian is where Shangri-la i

32、s in Hiltons story,claim,Usage 1: (尤指面對(duì)反對(duì)意見(jiàn)）斷言； 聲稱(chēng)；主張；認(rèn)定 e.g.: They claim to have discovered / claim that they have discovered a cure for the disease, but this has not been proved yet. 他們聲稱(chēng)已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種能夠治愈這種疾病的良方，但這還未得到證實(shí),Usage 2: vt. / vi. ，（根據(jù)權(quán)利而） （對(duì)）提出要求；索??；認(rèn) 領(lǐng)；聲稱(chēng)有的權(quán)利 e.g.: （1）Did you claim on the ins

33、urance after the accident? 事故之后，你有沒(méi)有向保險(xiǎn)公司 索賠,2) Old people are entitled to claim a special heating allowance from the government. 老年人有權(quán)向政府領(lǐng)取一筆特殊取暖津貼。 (3) If no one claims the lost umbrella, the person who found it can keep it. 如果無(wú)人認(rèn)領(lǐng)這把雨傘，拾到者可保留之,Usage 3: vt.，奪去生命 e.g.: The flood claims hundreds of lives. 洪水奪去了數(shù)百人的生命,Usa