高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語語法專項訓(xùn)練八.ppt

1、語法專項訓(xùn)練(八) 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣,考點一情態(tài)動詞 1表示推測,疑問推測: 在疑問句中, 一般用can或could, 表示“可能”. 【注意】若是對過去發(fā)生的或者已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事進行推測, 后接“have過去分詞.,用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空 (1)The lights of the classroom are still on, who _ it be? It _ be Jenny.She always leaves so late. Oh, no；it _ not be Jenny because I saw her in the library just now,can/could,must,

2、can,解析: 第一空填can/could, 因為在疑 問句中表示猜測一般只能用can或could；第二空填must, 因為在肯定句中表示有把握的猜測, 意為“一定”, 用must；第三空填can, 因為表示有把握的否定猜測, 意為“不可能”, 用cant,2)I have lost one of my gloves.I _ have dropped it somewhere. 解析: must表示有把握的肯定猜測, 這里是對已發(fā)生的事進行推測, 后面接的是完成式(have dropped,must,2征詢意見 (1)表示“可以”, 按語氣由強到弱依次有can, could, may, mig

3、ht等. 【注意】 表示允許別人做某事, 不能用could, might. (2)Will/Would you.？ 請你做好嗎,3)Shall I/we.？ 我/我們可以做嗎？ 【注意】 對Shall I.？的肯定回答可用must. (4)Must I/you/he.？ 我/你/他必須做嗎,注意】表示“不必”用neednt/dont have to. (5)Need I/you/he.？ 我/你/他需要做嗎？ 【注意】 肯定回答用must,考點鏈接】 根據(jù)要求完成句子 (1)Shall I clean the classroom again？(肯定回答) _. (2)Must I hand i

4、n my composition today？(否定回答) _,Yes, you must,No, you neednt,3)Might I have talk with you this evening？(肯定回答) _. (4)Need I go with you to the office？(肯定回答) _,Yes, you can/may,Yes, you must,3情態(tài)動詞的完成式 (1)表示對過去情況的推測 may/might have done可能(已經(jīng)) 做了 must have done一定(已經(jīng))做了 can/could have done 可能(已經(jīng))做了(否定句或疑問

5、句,The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night, didnt it？ 地面很潮濕. 昨夜一定下了雨是吧？ (推測) (2)表示輕微的責(zé)備或后悔 should/ought to have done 本應(yīng)該做某事(但事實上卻沒做,neednt have done 本不必做某事(但事實上卻做了) might/could have done 本可以做某事(但事實上卻沒做) would rather have done 本想做某事(但事實上卻沒做,I really regretted wasting the hours when

6、 I should have studied hard, but it was too late. 我真的后悔浪費那些本該用于學(xué)習(xí) 的時間, 但為時已晚. (后悔,注意】表示輕微的責(zé)備或后悔 不可用can或may. 【考點鏈接】 用合適的情態(tài)動詞及括號內(nèi)所給動 詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,1)Tom graduated from college at a very young age. Oh, he _(be) a very smart boy then. 解析: 表示對過去情況的肯定推測,must have been,2)The ground is very dry, so it _(rain) la

7、st night. 解析: 表示對過去情況的否定推測,cant/couldnt have rained,3)Your home is not far from your school, so you _ (leave) in such a hurry then. 解析: 表示輕微的責(zé)備, “本不必,neednt have left,4)I _(come) to help you, but I was too busy at that time. 解析: 句意: 我本想來幫助你的, 但是我當(dāng)時太忙了,would rather have come,5)Mr.White _ (arrive) at

8、800 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. 解析: 表示輕微的責(zé)備, “本應(yīng)該,should have arrived,4雙重特性的情態(tài)動詞 need和dare既可用作情態(tài)動詞又可用作實義動詞, 使用時需加注意: (1)need需要. 作情態(tài)動詞時只用于疑問句和否定句, 并遵照情態(tài)動詞的用法, 即后面跟動詞原形, 疑問句把need直接提到主語前, 否定句直接在need后加not,而need用作實義動詞時, 可用于疑問句、否定句和肯定句中, 構(gòu)成疑問 句、否定句時要用助動詞do. You need not worry about your salary.

9、You do not need to worry about your salary,你不必擔(dān)心你的薪水問題. (前者是 用作情態(tài)動詞, 后者用作實義動詞) need作實義動詞表示“需要做某事” 時, 動詞句型是: need to do sth., 且need有人稱和時態(tài)的變化；need作 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,2)dare(敢, 敢于)的用法與need基本相同. 不同的是dare作實義動詞時, 后面的to常被省略, 尤其是在否定句或疑問句中；dare作情態(tài)動詞時可以有過去式,注意】實義動詞need作“需要” 解時, 可接動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義. Your shoes need c

10、leaning (to be cleaned) 你的鞋需要擦了. (need也可用want, require代替,考點鏈接】 判斷下列句子的正誤, 并將錯誤的句子改正過來 (1)Who says he dare not do it.( ) 解析: dare后直接用not構(gòu)成否定, 是情態(tài)動詞, 本身沒有時態(tài)、人稱的變化, 后接動詞原形, 故正確,正確,2)The girl doesnt dare go out at night.( ) 解析: 由doesnt dare可知, dare是實義動詞, 其后本應(yīng)接to do sth., 但在疑問句或否定句中to可以省略, 故正確,正確,3)How d

11、are you say that to me？ ( ) 解析: 因?qū)are調(diào)到主語前構(gòu)成疑問句, dare是情態(tài)動詞, 后接原形, 故正確,正確,4)You dont need do it at once. ( ) 解析: 由dont need可知, need是實義動詞, 其后應(yīng)當(dāng)接to do, 句中少了to, 故錯誤,錯誤在need后加上to,5)He needs go with you. ( ) 解析: 由needs有人稱和數(shù)的變化可 知, 它是實義動詞, 應(yīng)接to do, 句中 少了to, 故錯誤,錯誤在needs后加上to,考點二虛擬語氣 1虛擬語氣的分類 虛擬語氣是英文中特殊的語言

12、現(xiàn)象, 主要用于表達與事實相反的陳述, 常表達強烈愿望、遺憾、感慨、后悔、責(zé)備、委婉、規(guī)勸等語義, 可大致分為三類,2虛擬語氣的用法,3.用固定的情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬語氣,單句填空 用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞或所給詞的適當(dāng) 形式填空 1(2011高考大綱全國卷改編) If you_smoke, please go outside,must,解析: 句意: 如果你一定要吸煙, 請到外面去. if you must do sth.“如果你一定要做某事”(表示雖不贊同, 但允許), 為習(xí)慣用語,2(2011高考重慶卷改編)Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?

13、 I wanted to, but my mom simply _not let me out so late at night,would,解析: 句意: “昨天晚上你為什么不來參加西蒙的晚會呢？”“我想來, 但是我母親就是不愿意讓我在晚上那么晚出去. ”would愿意. 答語中“我想來”, 用but表轉(zhuǎn)折, 在此表明母親的態(tài)度: 不愿意我晚上那么晚出去. 故此處應(yīng)選would, 與not連用, 表示“不愿意,3(2012山東濰坊質(zhì)檢)They_have prepared for the meeting more carefully. But they didnt What a pity,o

14、ught to,4(2011高考天津卷改編)I _sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. 解析: 句意: 我本該早點兒來的, 但我不知道當(dāng)時他們正在等我. 根據(jù)后面一句話的意思可反推出說話人覺得,would have come,自己當(dāng)時應(yīng)該早點到, 但實際上過去并未這么做. would have done sth.表示“過去本來會做某事”, 暗含的意思是過去并未做到, 符合該處的語意,5(2011高考浙江卷改編)Hows your new babysitter? We _ ask for a better one.All o

15、ur kids love her so much. 解析 : 句意 : “你們的新保姆怎么 樣？”“我們找不到更好的了, 我們所有的孩子都那么喜歡她. ”couldnt 表示“不可能,couldnt,6(2011高考遼寧卷改編)If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. 解析: 句意: 如果你一定要走, 至少也要等暴風(fēng)雨停了再走. must表示“一 定, 必須”符合語境. 其他選項語氣較弱, 均不符合句子中有暴風(fēng)雨卻必須要走的語氣,must,7(2011高考福建卷改編)Shall I inform him of the change

16、of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting,must,解析: 句意: “我現(xiàn)在就通知他時間安排的變化嗎？”“恐怕你必須告訴他, 以防他開會遲到. ”must必須, 語氣較強；由語境“時間安排發(fā)生了變化”和“萬一他開會遲到”可知, 此處語氣較強, 意為“必須現(xiàn)在告訴他”, 故用must,8(2011高考北京卷改編)I dont really like James.Why did you invite him? Dont worry.He _ come.He said he

17、wasnt certain what his plans were,might not,解析: 句意: “我不太喜歡詹姆斯. 你 為什么邀請了他？”“別擔(dān)心. 他或許不來, 他說他對他的安排不確定. ”根據(jù)答語“Dont worry.”可知, 此處應(yīng)該表示“或許不來,9(2011高考湖南卷改編)No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. Oh, you are really his big fan. 解析: 句意: “在打籃球方面, 沒有人能夠與姚明相比. ”“哦, 你真是他的鐵桿球迷. ”can能夠,can,10(201

18、1高考陜西卷改編)Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK.You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible,shall,解析: 句意: “媽媽, 你能給我讀個故 事嗎？”“好的. 如果你盡快上床睡覺你就會聽到一個故事. ”shall用于二、三人稱陳述句中, 表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅等. 此處shall表示“允諾,11(2011高考福建卷改編)Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I _ it, but I was busy prepa

19、ring for a job interview.(attend,would have attended,解析: 句意: “你錯過了關(guān)于核污染的講座真是遺憾. ”“我本想去聽的, 但我忙著準(zhǔn)備工作面試. ”由語境可知, 此處表示“本想去而事實上沒去”, 為虛擬語氣. 敘述與過去事實相反的情況要用would have done,12(2012遼寧沈陽模擬)_ anyone phone, tell them Im in conference. 解析: 句意: 萬一有人打電話來, 告訴他們我在開會. 這里should“(表示可 能)萬一, 假如,should,13(2011高考陜西卷改編)I _ t

20、hrough that bitter period without your generous help.(go) 解析: 句意: 沒有你的慷慨幫忙, 我不可能熬過那段痛苦的日子. 從without your generous help可知, 此處考查的是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,couldnt have gone,14(2011高考江西卷改編)We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.(put,would have put,解析: 句意: 要不是約翰最近受傷了, 我們昨天就把他的名字填在比賽名單里

21、了. 句中but for意為“要不是”, 表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè), 故只能用would have done結(jié)構(gòu),15But for their help, we _ the program in time.(finish) 解析: 句意: 如果不是他們的幫助, 我們不可能按時完成那個項目. 根據(jù)句意可知, 這里表達的是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,could not have finished,語篇填空 用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞完成下面的短文 Miss Fang 1._ (not) read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother told her that she 2._ go to the Health Service and see a doctor,couldnt,should,You 3._ see a doctor as soon as possible, ”she said, “You 4._ need glasses.” When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5._ see her at 330,should,might,could,Miss