防爆除塵原理介紹【特制教育】

1、Dust explosion protection for filters methods, requirements and mistakes 過濾器粉塵防爆保護-方法，要求及誤區(qū),Presentation簡介,1,Dust Explosion Protection Reasons 粉塵防爆保護-原因 Dust Explosion Protection Legislation 粉塵防爆保護-法規(guī) Dust Explosion Protection Methods 粉塵防爆保護-方法 Dust Explosion Protection Examples 粉塵防爆保護-舉例 Questions

2、and Answers 問題與答案,Program程序,2,Dust Explosion Protection Reasons 粉塵防爆保護-原因 Why we need it? 我們?yōu)槭裁匆龇辣Ｗo？ Why is it so important? 為什么防爆保護如此重要？ Why should we solve it with delivery? 為什么我們要在交付時就解決這個問題,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,3,Wheat Silo Kansas, USA, 8.6.98美國小麥倉儲，98年6月8日,Why we need it? Why i

3、s it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery,Silo being prepared for harvest 儲倉是為收獲做準備 Cleaning (wheat dust) 清潔（小麥粉塵） Failure (mechanical parts in elevator hot surface) 爆炸源（電梯的機械部件-熱表面） First explosion in central part (elevator) of the building 首先在大樓的中心部位（電梯）發(fā)生爆炸 Elevator damaged 電梯損壞 Exp

4、losion propagates outside (secondary explosions) 爆炸向外傳播（二次爆炸） Consequences 后果 Several fatal injuries 幾個人受傷致命 Destroyed building 大樓被毀,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,4,Wheat Silo Kansas, USA, 8.6.98,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery,Dust Explosion Protec

5、tion - Reasons,5,Power Station Otrokovice, CZ, 9.9.03發(fā)電站，奧特羅科維采 （捷克共和國的一個小鎮(zhèn)），03年9月9日,Belt conveyors started after 3 week break 皮帶傳動損壞3周后重新啟動 Cleaning and brake (dry fine coal dust) 清洗和制動（干細煤塵） Service (welding hot particles) 現(xiàn)場維修（焊接-焊渣） First explosion in tension part of belt conveyor 首先拉緊的皮帶傳動部分發(fā)生爆

6、炸 Two of three explosions followed 接著又發(fā)生了二次爆炸 Consequences 后果 Tunnel and building damage 隧道和建筑物被毀,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,6,Power Station Otrokovice, CZ, 9.9.03,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should

7、 we solve it with delivery,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,7,Wood factory Slovakia, 28.2.08木加工廠，斯洛伐克 08年2月28日,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery,Grinding line 磨削作業(yè) Dry and fine wood dust 干細的木質(zhì)粉塵 Failure (iron piece in the wood board) 故障源（木板上有鐵件） First ex

8、plosion in the line 作業(yè)線上發(fā)生首次爆炸 Secondary explosion and fire followed 接著發(fā)生二次爆炸以及火災(zāi) Consequences 后果 Destroyed building for grinding (2 mil. ) 磨削工廠被毀（兩百萬歐,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,8,Wood factory Slovakia, 28.2.08,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery,Du

9、st Explosion Protection - Reasons,9,Sugar Plant Georgia, USA 8.2.08糖加工廠-美國喬治亞州，08年2月3日,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery,Explosion followed by fire 爆炸后起火 Sugar 糖 First explosion in expedition sugar bin 首次爆炸發(fā)生在糖儲罐內(nèi) Secondary explosions followed 接著發(fā)生二次爆炸 Cons

10、equences 后果 6 fatal injuries, over 100 injured 6個人致命，超過100人受傷 Destroyed plant 廠房被毀,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,10,Sugar Plant Georgia, USA 8.2.08,Why we need it? Why is it so important? Why should we solve it with delivery,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,11,Dust Explosion Protection Reas

11、ons粉塵爆炸保護-原因,We must eliminate hazard for individuals 我們必須降低風險 We must avoid damages (time and money loss) 我們必須避免傷害（時間與財產(chǎn)損失） We must solve it in delivery (than could be late) 我們必須在系統(tǒng)交付時就解決這個問題（否則為時太晚,Dust Explosion Protection - Reasons,12,Dust Explosion Protection Legislation 粉塵爆炸保護-法規(guī) What are key

12、ATEX directives? 主要的ATEX指令？ What else except ATEX directives? 除了ATEX指令還有什么？ Why are standards so important? 為什么標準如此重要,Dust Explosion Protection - Legislation,13,European directive 99/92/EC (ATEX 137) 歐洲指令標準99/92/EC（ATEX 137） The goal is to ensure the same minimal safety level for employees across th

13、e EU members 目標是為了保證歐盟成員國的雇員相同的最低安全水平 Defines requirements for employers 定義雇主要求 They must improve health and safety protection of workers 提高工人的健康和安全保護 EPD (risk assessment, zone classification, prevention and protection measures, in written form) EPD（以書面形式定義風險預(yù)測，區(qū)域分類，預(yù)防及保護措施,Legislation key ATEX dir

14、ectives法規(guī)-關(guān)鍵的ATEX指令,European directive 94/9/EC (ATEX 100) 歐洲指令標準94/9/EC（ATEX 100） The goal is to ensure the same minimal safety level of products intended for use in explosion atmosphere 目標是為了保證易爆環(huán)境使用的產(chǎn)品保持相同的最低安全水平 Defines requirements for manufacturers 定義制造商要求 They must classify the product into th

15、e categories 必須按照指定類別分類 They must follow the procedure for assessing the conformity 必須遵循評估程序 Deliver product with EC Declaration of conformity and properly marked 提供符合EC符合聲明的產(chǎn)品并適當標注,What are key ATEX directives? What else except ATEX directives? Why are standards so important,Dust Explosion Protecti

16、on - Legislation,14,ATEX 100 is required since 7/2003 There were no EU standards at that time 從2003年7月開始使用ATEX100，當時沒有歐盟標準 EN 14797 for venting (membranes) is valid since 2006 EN 14373 for suppression is valid since 2005 EN for isolation is not valid yet (prEN 15089) What is the consequence? 結(jié)果是什么？

17、Certification according to ATEX is required since 2003 There were no NEW standards, so the certification was made according to OLD standards but producers have got the ATEX certificates As the EC certificates have had no time limit in validity the protective systems can be applied until the manufact

18、urer changes the design What is new in EU standards? 歐盟新標準？ Efficiency tests Many time and money consuming tests without certainty that it successfully pass Can be protective systems with ATEX“ certification without any other information applied? 沒有其他信息適用的情況下保護系統(tǒng)是否可以帶ATEX標志？ NO it says nothing about

19、 present required legislation FIRST we have to check the standards they are approved according to,EU Standards for Protective Systems保護系統(tǒng)的歐盟標準,What are key ATEX directives? What else except ATEX directives? Why are standards so important,Dust Explosion Protection - Legislation,15,Dust Explosion Prot

20、ection Legislation粉塵爆炸保護-法規(guī),There are two the most important ATEX directives (ATEX 100 and ATEX 137) 有兩項非常重要的ATEX指令（ATEX100和ATEX137） The text ATEX“ in EC certificate number is not sufficient ATEX標志在EC認證標示中是不夠的 The standards according which the protective systems are certified must be check too,Dust

21、Explosion Protection - Legislation,16,Dust Explosion Protection Methods 粉塵爆炸保護-方法 Pressure resistance 耐壓 Venting 泄壓 Suppression 抑制 Isolation 隔離 Combination (anything with isolation) 組合方法（上述任意一個與隔離裝置組合,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,17,Pressure resistant vessels耐壓容器,Pressure resistant vessels fo

22、r PMAX 耐壓容器PMAX According to dust with highest PMAX in vessel 根據(jù)容器中粉塵的最高壓力制造 Pressure resistance is above PMAX 可承受壓力高于PMAX Without plastic deformation 無塑性變形 Pressure shock resistant vessels for PMAX 抗沖擊壓力容器PMAX Plastic deformation is allowed 允許塑性變形 Pressure shock resistant vessels for PREDMAX 抗沖擊壓力容

23、器PREDMAX When protective systems are used 當使用保護系統(tǒng) Pressure resistance is above PREDMAX 壓力耐受高于PMAX Plastic deformation is allowed 允許塑性變形,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,18,Pressure shock resistant vessel show抗沖擊壓力容器,Pressure resistant vessels for PMAX,Pressure shock resistant vessels for PMAX,Pre

24、ssure shock resistant vessels for PREDMAX,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,19,Explosion venting爆炸泄壓裝置,Explosion passes without any intervention 爆炸沒有任何阻擋的泄出 The area large enough opens by pressure in the vessel 容器上要有足夠大的開口釋放壓力 Flame, pressure, burned and unburned mixture is released out of the ves

25、sel 火焰，壓力以及燃燒混合物從容器中釋放出來 PREDMAX is below the pressure resistance of the vessel PREDMAX低于容器的耐壓力 Bursting membranes, valves, flaps, etc. 爆破膜，閥門，翻板閥等 They are not intended to be used in indoor applications 這些裝置不適用于室內(nèi)安裝 Used in combination with isolation 與隔離閥組合使用,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,20,

26、Explosion suppression爆炸抑制,Explosion is extinguished 爆炸被提前抑制 The explosion is detected at beginning and the extinguishing agent is injected into the protected vessel 爆炸從一開始就能檢測到，滅火器就會向保護容器內(nèi)噴滅火劑 PREDMAX is below the pressure resistance of the vessel PREDMAX低于容器的耐壓力 Explosion suppression system consist

27、s of control unit, detector (pressure or flame) and action elements 爆炸抑制系統(tǒng)包括控制單元，檢測裝置（壓力或火苗）及執(zhí)行元件,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,21,Explosion isolation爆炸隔離,The goal is to avoid explosion propagation to connected vessels through the pipe(s) 目的是防止爆炸沿著管道擴散到相連的設(shè)備 Mechanical isolation stops flame an

28、d pressure by closing the pipe 機械式隔離裝置通過關(guān)閉管道來阻止火焰和壓力 Mechanical isolation is made by dumpers, valves, flaps, Ex proved rotary valve 機械式隔離裝置：閥門，板閥，防爆認證旋轉(zhuǎn)閥組成 Chemical isolation stops explosion flame by extinguishing 化學(xué)隔離裝置是用滅火劑滅火防止爆炸 Chemical isolation system consists of control unit, detector (flame

29、or pressure) and action element(s) 化學(xué)隔離裝置的組成包括控制單元，檢測裝置（火苗或壓力）和執(zhí)行元件,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,22,Dust Explosion Protection Methods粉塵爆炸保護-方法,There are four ways how to protect the devices (containment, venting, suppression, isolation) 有四種方式（阻擋，泄壓，抑制，隔離 ） Any of containment, venting or suppr

30、ession must be combined with isolation 以上任一種方式都必須與隔離裝置組合使用,Dust Explosion Protection - Methods,23,Dust Explosion Protection Examples 粉塵爆炸保護-舉例 Filter protection description 過濾器保護 Filter venting 過濾器泄壓 Filter suppression 過濾器抑制,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,24,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,

31、INPUT PIPE,ROTARY VALVE,FILTER,OUTPUT PIPE,FAN,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,25,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,EXPLOSION - flame and pressure propagation toward

32、aspirated places - pipe damage,EXPLOSION - flame propagation to following devices - spark and hot particles transport to following devices - valve damage,EXPLOSION - filter damage,EXPLOSION - flame and pressure hit - burned mixture,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,26,Dust Explosion Protection Ex

33、amples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,What should we know for design?設(shè)計時我們應(yīng)該了解,Indoor (how far from the outer wall or roof) or outdoor installation 室內(nèi)安裝（距外墻或屋頂?shù)木嚯x）還是室外安裝 Dimensions of the filter, its pressure resistance and real installation to avoid problems with re

34、coil forces 過濾器的尺寸，耐壓力以及實際安裝，避免反沖力等問題 Type of the dust and its explosion characteristics (KST and PMAX) 粉塵類型和爆炸特性(KST and PMAX) Conditions outside the filter (free space or no, people, traffic, obstructions, explosive atmosphere, etc.) 過濾器的外部條件（空間，人員，通道，障礙，易爆氣體等） Possible placement and area for vent

35、ing on the filter body 過濾器本身可能的通風位置和面積 Certified protective systems according to EN 14797 通過EN14797認證的保護系統(tǒng) Activating pressure and its possible difference 激活壓力及可能的區(qū)別 Relief area of used membrane(s) 使用的爆破膜釋放面積,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,27,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protectio

36、n description Filter venting Filter suppression,Venting major mistakes 通風-主要誤區(qū),Venting is simple and cheap泄壓簡單便宜？ Depends on installation place, type of the dust, filter pressure resistance and connected vessels (more complex more expensive) 取決于安裝位置，粉塵類型，過濾器耐壓力以及相連的容器（越復(fù)雜越昂貴） Venting itself is suffi

37、cient for filter explosion protection對于過濾爆炸保護泄亞就足夠 ？ NO direction toward aspirated places and devices behind the filter (below hoper) must be protected by isolation 絕不是-過濾器送氣的位置和背后的裝置必須進行隔離保護 Venting for outdoor installation is no problem室外安裝的泄壓沒有問題？ Depends on possibility to define safety zone for

38、venting 取決于泄壓安全區(qū)域的劃分 Venting for indoor installation can be solved by exhaust pipe of any length 室內(nèi)安裝的泄壓可以使用任何長度的排氣管來解決？ NO longer exhaust pipe higher reduced overpressure; must be possible to define safety zone for venting outside the building 絕不是-較長的管道較多泄壓阻力；必須有可能確定建筑物外的通風安全區(qū) One standard solution

39、 can be used for all cases一個標準的解決方案適用于所有案例 NO standard solutions have limits max. KST and PMAX, max. length for exhaust pipes etc. 絕不是-標準方案有限制- max. KST 和 PMAX廢氣管的長度等,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,28,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppre

40、ssion,When KST and/or PMAX rise you need either larger relief area or filter with higher pressure resistance 當KST和/或PMAX值增加時，你需要更大的釋放面積或更耐壓的過濾器 When using exhaust pipe you should use larger relief area or you need filter with higher pressure resistance 當使用廢氣管時，需要更大的釋放面積或更耐壓的過濾器 Maximal flame length

41、doesnt depend on the PREDMAX but only on filter volume 最大的火焰長度并不取決于值，而是取決于過濾體積 Recoil forces 反沖力,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,29,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,1. VENTING泄壓 - dust characteristics粉塵特性 - filter dimensions過濾器尺寸

42、 - filter resistance過濾阻力 - membrane parameters爆破膜參數(shù) - placement of membrane(s)爆破膜的安置,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,30,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,2. ISOLATION隔離 - rotary valve旋轉(zhuǎn)閥 - ex proved防爆認證 - stop in case of explosion

43、一旦爆炸，立即停止,1. VENTING泄壓,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,31,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,3. ISOLATION隔離 - Mechanical機械式 - Chemical化學(xué)式,2. ISOLATION隔離,1. VENTING泄壓,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,32,Dust Explosion Protection

44、 Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,3. ISOLATION隔離 - Mechanical機械式 - pressure and flame壓力和火苗 - installation distance from the filter過濾器的安裝距離,2. ISOLATION隔離,1. VENTING泄壓,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,33,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Filter protection

45、description Filter venting Filter suppression,3. ISOLATION隔離 - Chemical化學(xué)式 - only flame只有火焰 - installation distance from the filter距離過濾器的按漢族昂距離 - extinguishing distance toward aspirated place朝向送氣方向的滅火距離,2. ISOLATION隔離,1. VENTING泄壓,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,34,Dust Explosion Protection Exa

46、mples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Complete protection requires 完全保護需要： Venting of the filter過濾器泄壓 Filter dimensions 過濾器尺寸 Dust characteristics 粉塵特性 Membrane parameters 爆破膜參數(shù) Recoil forces 反沖力 Determination of safety zone 安全區(qū)的劃分 No explosive atmosphere, NO people,

47、NO obstructions 無易爆氣體， 沒有人員，沒有障礙 Maximal length of flame depends only on filter volume and is more than 10 m long 火焰的最大長度取決于過濾器的體積，并超過10m Isolation of material output from hoper 出口隔離 Ex prove solution (no flame pass through in case of explosion; sufficient pressure resistance) 防爆認證方案（一旦爆炸沒有火焰通過；耐壓力足

48、夠） Stop in case of explosion (no transport to following devices) 一旦爆炸立即停止（不會傳輸?shù)较噙B的設(shè)備） Isolation of input filter pipe 過濾器進風管道隔離 Mechanical or chemical isolation in required distance 在所需距離內(nèi)進行機械式或化學(xué)式隔離 Pipe with required pressure resistance 耐壓管道,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,35,Dust Explosion Pr

49、otection Examples,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,What should we know for design? 我們設(shè)計方案需要知道哪些數(shù)據(jù),Dimensions of the filter and its pressure resistance 過濾器的尺寸和耐壓力 Type of the dust and its KST (PMAX) 粉塵類型及其KST (PMAX) Conditions inside the filter (barriers and pressure le

50、vels and changes in operation) 過濾器的內(nèi)部情況（障礙，壓力水平及運行變化） Certified protective systems according to EN 14373 經(jīng)過EN14373認證的保護系統(tǒng) Design has to be made by producers they only know the system efficiency and from that reason are able to design the protection 設(shè)計需由生產(chǎn)商提出-他們知道系統(tǒng)效率，因此能夠設(shè)計出相應(yīng)的保護措施,Dust Explosion Pr

51、otection - Examples,36,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,Suppression major mistakes 抑制-主要誤區(qū),Suppression is expensive so venting is always better 抑制系統(tǒng)比較昂貴，所以泄壓總是比較好 NO there are many applications where venting isnt right solution 不-有許多泄壓案例方案并不正確 More expensive generally yes but if the wall is made o

52、f concrete with steel ropes (?), filter must be moved on the roof of the building to determine required safety zone (?) 更貴-一般是這樣，但是，如果墻面是由鋼筋混凝土組成，過濾器就必須移至建筑物的屋頂來確定所需的安全區(qū) Suppression itself is sufficient for filter protection抑制系統(tǒng)本身對于過濾器保護就足夠了 NO direction toward aspirated places and devices behind th

53、e filter (below hoper) must be protected by isolation不-向過濾器送氣的方向和過濾器后的裝置必須進行隔離保護 Suppression neednt to be combined with isolation if there isnt explosion concentration in input pipe如在進風口管道沒有達到爆炸濃度，抑制系統(tǒng)不需要與隔離裝置組合使用 NO flame and pressure propagates through pipe either不-火焰和壓力仍會通過管道擴散 One standard solut

54、ion can be used for all cases 一個標準方案適用于所有案例 NO standard solutions have limits given by its efficiency max. KST and PREDMAX, number of action elements, etc. 不-效率決定了標準方案有所限制-最大KST 和 PREDMAX值，動作元件的數(shù)量等,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,3

55、7,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,1. SUPPRESSION抑制 dust characteristics 粉塵特性 filter dimensions 過濾器尺寸 filter resistance 過濾器耐壓力 suppression parameters 抑制參數(shù) suppression effectivity 抑制效率,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,38,Dust Explo

56、sion Protection Examples,2. ISOLATION隔離 - rotary valve旋轉(zhuǎn)閥 - ex proved防爆認證 stop in case of explosion 一旦爆炸立即停止,1. SUPPRESSION抑制,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,39,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,3. ISOLATION隔離 - Mechanical機械式 - Ch

57、emical化學(xué)式,2. ISOLATION隔離,1. SUPPRESSION抑制,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,40,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,3. ISOLATION隔離 - Mechanical機械式 - pressure and flame壓力和火焰 - installation distance from the filter距離過濾器的安裝距離,2. ISOLATION

58、隔離,1. SUPPRESSION抑制,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,41,Dust Explosion Protection Examples,3. ISOLATION隔離 - Chemical化學(xué)式 - only flame只有火焰 - installation distance安裝距離 - extinguishing distance滅火距離,2. ISOLATION隔離,1. SUPPRESSION抑制,Filter protection description Filter venting Filter suppression,Dust Explosion Protection - Examples,42,Dust Explosion P