小學(xué)四年級英語語法

1、四年級語法第一章 名詞1. 名詞的數(shù)2. 名詞的格第二章 代詞1. 人稱代詞2. 物主代詞第三章 冠詞 與 數(shù)詞1. 冠詞2. 數(shù)詞第四章 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)第五章 現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時態(tài)第六章 句型1 陳述句2 疑問句3 祈使句4 There be 句型與have has第七章 總結(jié)考試第一章 名詞 （Noun）名詞的概念在生活中，我們會接觸到各種各樣的人和事物，用來表示這些人或事物名稱的詞就是名詞。 一、名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)指名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式?？蓴?shù)名詞表示“一個”時用單數(shù)，“兩個以上”時用復(fù)數(shù)；不可數(shù)名詞表示量時，通常用“數(shù)詞+單位+of+物質(zhì)名詞”的形式，如 a piece of bread (一片面包

2、)， 變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時，只須將單位名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)， 如：two pieces of bread(兩片面包)。*名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成法則1. 一般情況下在詞尾加s. 詞尾讀音shop - shops (商店) 在清輔音后讀 s bag - bags (書包) 在濁輔音后讀 z window - windows (窗戶) 在元音后讀 z 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾加es。class - classes (班級) 詞尾讀音 iz box - boxes (盒子) match - matches (比賽)brush - brushes (刷子)3. 以“輔音字母 +y” 結(jié)尾的詞， 變y為

3、 i 加es. story - stories (故事) 詞尾讀音 iz 4. 以“元音字母 +y” 結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾直接加 s key - keys 詞尾讀音 z monkey - monkeys5.以 “o” 結(jié)尾的名詞， 復(fù)數(shù)一般在詞尾加“s”, 但個別加 “es” tomato - tomatoes (西紅柿) 詞尾讀音 z potato - potatoes (土豆) zoo - zoos (動物園) photo - photos (照片)*（以 “o”結(jié)尾，復(fù)數(shù)加 “es”）口訣： 黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿著西紅柿(tomato)，右手拿著破土豆(potato)，

4、頭頂一個大芒果（mango）。6. 以 f或 fe 結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f或 fe 為 ves. leaf - leaves (樹葉) 詞尾讀音 vz knife - knives ( 小刀) *（以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞，需把f或fe 變ves的單詞）口訣：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）嚇得發(fā)了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半(half)片樹葉（leaf）遮目光。*（以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加 “s”的單詞）口訣：長頸鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿著手絹(handkerchief)，右手拿著高爾夫球(golf)。例： roof -

5、roofs ( 屋頂)7. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化man - men (男人) tooth -teeth (牙齒)child - children (兒童) mouse - mice(老鼠)foot - feet (腳) woman - women (女人)8. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣 sheep - sheep (綿羊) deer - deer （鹿） English - English（英國人） Chinese - Chinese （中國人）*（不規(guī)則名詞變復(fù)數(shù)）口訣：男人，女人a變e；鵝，足，牙齒oo變ee；其實(shí)老鼠也好記ous變ic；孩子加上ren，魚鹿綿羊不用記。二、名詞所有格的構(gòu)成法 1

6、. 主要是在詞尾加 s 構(gòu)成。如： This is Toms desk . 這是湯姆的書桌。 That is Mikes book. 那是邁克的書。 2. 如果原名詞已經(jīng)有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s ,則僅加一個 . 如：the teachers reading room 教師閱覽室the pupils pencil-boxes 學(xué)生們的文具盒3. 如果原詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但不是以s 結(jié)尾， 變?yōu)樗懈裥问叫柙诤竺婕由?s 。如： the childrens palace 少年宮 mens room 男廁所*名詞所有格口訣：名詞所有格，s前面加一撇，復(fù)數(shù)s放在尾，后加一撇就完結(jié)，兩人共有算一個，后面只加一個撇。名

7、詞練習(xí)題一、 寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1.computer _ 2.apple _ 3.city _4.house _ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _7.tomato _ 8.child _ 9.tooth _ 10.foot _ 11.wife _12.potato _13.play _ 14.day _ 15.glass _16.radio _ 17.zoo _ 18. life _19. story _ 20.leaf _ 21. baby _22.dress _ 23.butterfly _24. deer _25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.key _28. E

8、nglish _29.mouse _30. man _二、漢譯英1Tom的足球 _ 2. 老師們的自行車_3學(xué)生們的課桌 _ 4.哥哥的文具盒_5姑姑的卡片 _ 6.猴子們的香蕉_7螞蟻們的早餐 _ 8.媽媽的包_9姐姐的連衣裙_ 10女孩們的蘋果_三、把下列句子翻譯成英文1這些 是Peter 的籃球嗎？ _2這個是老師的鋼筆嗎？ _3有一些書在Sam的課桌上。_4有一些孩子們在教室里。_四、改錯 （圈出錯處，在橫線上改正過來）1.There are some butterflys on the table. _2.This is Alice dress. _3.I like tomato v

9、ery much. _五、將下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1This dog is brown._2. There is a book and a pen on the table._3.That woman is a teacher._能力測試卷 （名詞）一、 將下列名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.plane tree lessonmonth apple shirt2. box bus brush watch class fox3.knife life leaf Wife thief4.day boy monkeybaby country story5.photo radio piano tomato her

10、o6. child tooth man Sheep English Chinese二、判斷正誤，并改正錯句，正確的打“ ”1The house is my brother. _2. He has visited many country. _3. They are Englishs. _4. This is Tom red bike. _三、選擇填空1There are two _ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman2.The old man will have _ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth3. _ are sol

11、d in this bookstore. A. Childrens books B. Children books4. Some friends of _ will come here. A. Johns B. John 5. Can you give me _?A. some papers B. a piece of paper6.There are _ on the floor.A. some box B. some boxes四、將下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1This sheep is white._2. There is a desk and a chair in the room._3.

12、That man is a doctor._第二章 代詞一、人稱代詞1人稱代詞即表示“你、我、他、你們、我們、他們”等的詞，它的人稱、數(shù)和格的變化見下表： 數(shù)人稱主格賓格單數(shù)第一人稱Ime第二人稱youyou第三人稱hesheithimherit復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱Weus第二人稱youyou第三人稱theythem主格與賓格：人稱代詞有主格和賓格兩種形式。主格主要用來做句子的主語；賓格主要用作賓語。人稱代詞主格用在句首作主語。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽車上。人稱代詞賓格在動詞后作賓語。This pen is bad.I cant write with it.這支鋼

13、筆不好，我沒法用它寫字。2.人稱代詞的排列順序人稱代詞并列使用時，通常以下列順序出現(xiàn)，請熟悉并記憶。1） 單數(shù)代詞：you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I2） 復(fù)數(shù)代詞：we and they ; we and you ; you and they; we, you and they3） 第三人稱單數(shù)代詞：he and she*人稱代詞排序口訣：人稱代詞并列觀，注意順序禮貌見；單數(shù)人稱二、三、一，復(fù)數(shù)人稱一、二、三；麻煩事情“我”站前，其他人稱沒意見；兩性并用為三單，男先女后是習(xí)慣。二、物主代詞物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，分為形容詞性

14、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。 人稱類別 第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名詞性mineouryoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs名詞性物主代詞 = 形容詞性物主代詞 + 名詞 例，Whose coat is this? 這是誰的上衣?Its hers. 是她的。 hers= her coat*關(guān)于物主代詞的口訣：物主代詞很重要，譯成漢語都有“的”，后面必須加上物，否則就要犯錯誤，my your his her its our their 不放過。形容詞性是基礎(chǔ)，除了我的“mine”外，其他詞尾“

15、s”性形物代能力差，出門常把名詞加；名物代能力強(qiáng)，常來獨(dú)去又獨(dú)往。三、反身代詞反身代詞也叫“自身代詞”，表示“*自己”。數(shù) 人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself, herself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesI can do it by myself. 我自己能做這件事。*反身代詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)律記憶口訣：反身代詞有規(guī)律，第三人稱賓格加，其余開頭用物主，復(fù)數(shù)-ves替-f四、指示代詞This (這個)- these (這些) 指近處的事物That (那個)- these (那些) 指遠(yuǎn)處的事物例，This is a book. 這

16、是本書。 These are some books. 這些是書。 That is a car. 那是輛小汽車。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽車.代詞練習(xí)題一、 根據(jù)題意，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Mary is a friend of _. ( I )2. This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( I ) is in the bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _ ( he )4. This is _ ( I ) book. This book is _ ( I ).5. These pens

17、 are _ ( we ).二、填寫下列表格。人稱代詞我我們你，你們他她它他們主 格賓 格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞三、改寫下列句子Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine.1. That is her ruler. _2. These are their footballs. _3. This is my backpack . _4. Those are your boxes. _四、把下列句子改寫成復(fù)數(shù)。1. This is a butterfly. _2. That is a bus. _3. It is a mouse. _五、改錯。1

18、.This is mine lamp. _2.These are ours books._3. That are their teacher. _4.The house is my brother. _5. He has visited many country. _6. They are Chineses. _7. This is Tom red bike. _能力測試卷 （代詞）一、 幫下面的好朋友團(tuán)圓 （連線） I 她its 我們her 他（她，它）們we 我they 你的their 他（她，它）們your 她的she 它的二、填空1Shes a teacher . This is _

19、bag.2. Hes a driver. This is _ taxi.3. I am a boy . _ name is Peter.4. -Whats _ name? - My name is Tony.5. Its my puppy. _ name is Mimi.三、選擇( ) 1.Your book is not so old as _. A. him B. he C. his D. she( ) 2. _ book is it ? Its _. A. Whoseher B. Whose hers C. Whohers D. Whom her( ) 3. He is a friend

20、 of _.A. our B. us C. my D. mine四、改錯1. I, you and he are all teachers. _2. This is mine teddy bear. _3. These are ours bags._4. These is their teachers._第三章 數(shù)詞和冠詞一、數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞又分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量，序數(shù)詞表示順序。1 最基本的基數(shù)詞如下表所示：1101119201001 one11 eleven2 two12 twelve20 twenty3 three13 thirteen30 thirty4

21、four14 fourteen40 forty5 five15 fifteen50 fifty6 six16 sixteen60 sixty7 seven17 seventeen70 seventy8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety10 ten100 one hundred*基數(shù)詞的寫法 ：2199的兩位數(shù)，十位與個位之間用連字符“-”。例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine百位數(shù)：個位數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”，表示幾百，在幾十幾與百位間加上and。例：10

22、1 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight2序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成1）一般來說，是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾th構(gòu)成。例， four+ th- fourth six + th - sixth seven + th - seventh ten + th - tenth2）下面這些基數(shù)詞在變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時，有特殊的變化。例， one - first two - second three - third five- fifth eight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - t

23、welfth3）十位整數(shù)序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是將基數(shù)詞的詞y 變成i，然后在加eth.例， twenty - twentieth thirty - thirtieth forty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth4） 兩位或兩位以上的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時，僅將個位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。例，twenty one - twenty- first thirty-five -thirty-fiftha hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third *基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律；詞尾加上th（fourth, sixth）一

24、、二、三，單獨(dú)記；結(jié)尾字母t, d, d；（first，second，third）八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth）整十基數(shù)變序數(shù)，ty將y變成i ; th 前面有個e；要是遇到幾十幾，前用基來后用序。二、冠詞 冠詞分不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。 a或an是不定冠詞，the是定冠詞。a用在輔音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book.1. 不定冠詞（a,an）指人或事物的某一種類，表示“一個”，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量。She is a teacher.

25、 Thats an orange. 2. 定冠詞 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指說話人與聽話人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到過的人和事。This is a bus. The bus is big.3. 不用冠詞的情況：1） 專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞前一般不用冠詞。如， Chinese, English, Jim等。2） 名詞前已經(jīng)有this, that, my, your等詞時，就不再用冠詞了。如，that mouse (那只老鼠) 3) 一些固定詞組前不用定冠詞。如， at home 在家 go to school 去上學(xué)*定冠詞the的用法記憶口訣：特指、重提和唯一，島

26、嶼、海峽和海灣；海洋、黨派、最高級，沙漠、河流與群山；方位、順序和樂器，年代、團(tuán)體與機(jī)關(guān)；船名、建筑和組織，會議、條約與報刊；姓氏復(fù)數(shù)、國全名，記住定冠the加在前。*零冠詞用法口訣：月份、星期、節(jié)假洲，呼語、頭銜職務(wù)前；三餐、球類、慣用語，學(xué)科、棋類名詞前。冠詞和數(shù)詞專項練習(xí)一、在空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~，不需要的填“/”。1) at _home 2) go to_ bed 3) go to _school 4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time 6) _red apple 7)_ English book 8) _ spoon 9)_ orange 10

27、) _melon 11) _ eraser二、選擇填空1.There is _ “m” in the word “primary”A. an B.a C.the D./2.This is _ orange bike .A.a B.an C.the D/3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper .A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world .A.an , the B.a , the C.the ,

28、/ D./ , the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening .A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river .A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit .A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come .A.The B.a C.the D./9.Do you see _ book o

29、n _ table ?A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Wheres _ desk ? Its in _ middle of the room .A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine .A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is _ university near the farm .A.a B.an C.the D./13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 .A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _

30、book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _ Childrens Day .A.a B.an C.the D/ 16.This is _ bag . That is _ eraser .A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an 四、用代詞填空:1._ , _ and _ are all good friends .A.We , you , th

31、ey B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we 2._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ .A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , ours D.Our , theirs , we 3.She lost _ pen . Will you lend her _ ?A.her , yours B.his , your C.hers , you D.their , yourself 4. “What are

32、you doing ?” “I am looking at _ in the mirror ?”A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 5._ , _ and _ all enjoy music .A.She , you , I B.I , she , you C.You , she , I D.I , you , she 能力測試卷（冠詞和數(shù)詞）一、 寫出相鄰的數(shù)詞1. twenty 2. five 3. twelve 4. fifty-eight 5. ninety 6. seventy 7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred 9. one

33、thousand 10. one 二、選擇正確答案1.There are days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five2.There are students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty sixC. eight hundred and forty

34、-six D. eight hundred forty-six3.My brother is in .A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade OneC. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one4.He was doing some washing .A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning5.T

35、here are months in a year. December is the month of the year.A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth6.Sunday is the day of the week.A. seventh B. first C. second D. third7.Autumn is season in a year.A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third8.Tom was to get to

36、 school and I was .A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the ninth9.Whats the date today? Its .A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th10.Monday is the second day, and .A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifthC. the second is Tuesday D. the second i

37、s Thursday第四章 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時的定義一般現(xiàn)在時是表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動作的時態(tài)。二、一般現(xiàn)在時的結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時用行為動詞的原形，但第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時，動詞的詞尾要加-s 或- es?，F(xiàn)在以連系動詞be 和行為動詞read為例，對一般現(xiàn)在時的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及其簡略答語的構(gòu)成以表格形式加以說明：動詞肯定句否定句beI am I am not You/We/They are You/We/They are not He/She/It is .He/She/It is not readI/We/You/They readI/We/You/T

38、hey/ do not read He/She/It reads He/She/It does not read 動詞疑問句簡略答語（肯定）簡略答語（否定）beAm I ?Yes , you are.No, you are not.Are you ?Yes, I am/we are.No, I am/we are not.Are we ?Yes, we/you are.No, we/ you are not.Are they ?Yes, they are.No, they are not.Is he?Yes, he is.No, he is not.Is she ?Yes, she is.No

39、, she is not.Is it ?Yes, it is.No, it is not.readDo I / we / they read ?Yes, you / we / they do.No, you / we / they do not.Does he / she / it read ?Yes, he / she / it does.No, he / she / it does not. 連系動詞be 的各種形式常與代詞或not縮寫成一個詞。助動詞do，does 一般只有與not 縮寫。聯(lián)系動詞be縮寫形式如下肯定縮寫否定縮寫I amImI am notIm notYou areYou

40、reYou are notYoure not /You arentHe isHesHe is notHes not /He isntShe isShesShe is notShes not /She isntIt isItsIt is notIts not / It isntWe areWereWe are notWere not / We arentThey areTheyreThey are notTheyre not / They arent 動詞do not 的縮寫形式為dont，does not 的縮寫形式為doesnt。二、 動詞加-s 或-es （動詞第三人稱單數(shù)）當(dāng)主語是第三人

41、稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞需加-s 或-es1 一般在詞尾加 s例：workworks leave - leaves swim - swims2 以字母s，x，ch，sh 或o結(jié)尾的詞加-es例：pass- passes fix -fixes teach - teaches do- does 3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i再加-es例：study - studies carry - carries fly - flies cry - cries三、 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1 表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作。常與often（經(jīng)常）, always（總是）, sometimes（有時）, every day（每天）, on Sundays/Mondays 等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。一般現(xiàn)在時的時間狀語有：today, often, sometimes, always, usually, every day ( week, month, year,) , this year, once a week ( month, year,) 一周（月，年）一次例句：I get up at 6 oclock every day. He often goes to school by bike.2 表示