初一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(詳解版)

1、初一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詞法1、名詞a）名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）在后面加 s。如： fathers,books, americans,germans, apples,bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es。如：boxes, glasses,dresses, watches, wishes,三） 1）以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies,2 ）以元音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的直接加 s。如： day-days, boy

2、-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以 o 結(jié)尾加 s（外來(lái)詞）。如： radios, photos,但如是輔音加o 的加 es：如 : tomatoes 西紅柿 , potatoes 馬鈴薯五）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的變 f 為 v 再加 es(s) 。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子 , chinese, japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)的有

3、：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses,gloves, clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有： police警察局，警察 , class班，同學(xué) , family家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞， 多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：actionmovie-actionmovies, pen pal-penpals;但如果是由 man或 woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish

4、魚(yú)fishes魚(yú)的種類 , paper紙papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作works作品，工廠, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡 , orange 桔子水oranges橙子 , light光線lights燈, people人peoples民族 , time時(shí)間times時(shí)代 ,次數(shù) , chicken雞肉chickens小雞十一）單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s 或 s。如： is (is), ks(ks) 。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如： ids, vcds, sars十二）特殊形式的有： child-children, man-men, woman-women, foo

5、t-feet,mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, englishman-englishmenb）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加 s。如： brother s, mike s, teachers二）復(fù)數(shù)以 s 結(jié)尾的直接在 s 后加，如果不是以 s 結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。 如： teachers day 教師節(jié) , classmates ; children s day六一節(jié) , womens day 三八節(jié)三）由 and 并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)， 只加最后一個(gè) s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分

6、別按單數(shù)形式處理。如： mike and ben s room 邁克和本的房間（共住一間）， mikes and ben s rooms 邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項(xiàng)目人稱代詞 物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞人稱主格賓格形容詞名詞性第一人稱 單數(shù) imemy minemyself復(fù)數(shù) weusour oursourselves第二人稱 單數(shù) youyouyour yoursyourself復(fù)數(shù) youyouyour yoursyourselves第三人稱 單數(shù) sheherher hersherselfhehimhis hishimselfititits its this thatitse

7、lf復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動(dòng)詞a） 第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：一）一般在詞后加s。如： comes, spells,waits,talks,sees, dances, trains二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes三） 1）以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 再加 es。如： study-studies,hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加 y

8、 結(jié)尾的直接加 s。如： plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以 o 結(jié)尾加 es。如： does, goes五）特殊的有： are-is, have-hasb） 現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后加ing 。如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing二）以不發(fā)音 e 的結(jié)尾的去掉 e 再加 ing 。如： dan

9、ce-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開(kāi)字母組合如show showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母再加ing 。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以 ie 結(jié)尾的變 ie 為 y 再加 ing 。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying位于4、形容詞的級(jí)

10、我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。 構(gòu)成如下：一） 一般在詞后加 er 或 est( 如果是以 e 結(jié)尾則直接加 r 或 st) 。如： greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1 個(gè)元音字母 1 個(gè)輔音字母 ( 字母組合除外，如few-fewerfewest) 結(jié)尾的雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est 。如：big-biggerbiggest,red-redder reddest, hot

11、-hotter hottest三） 以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 加 er/est 。如： happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況： ( 兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn) )good/well - better bestmany/much - more mostbad/ill worse worstlittle- less lea

12、stold- older/elder oldest/eldestfar- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞 ( 基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接 th ； y 結(jié)尾，變?yōu)?i,eth 跟上去。 ) first,second, third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法句式1. 陳述句肯定陳述句 a) this is a

13、 book. (be動(dòng)詞 )b) he looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞 )c) i want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 )d) i can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 )e) there s a computer on my desk. (there be結(jié)構(gòu) )否定陳述句a) these aren t their books. b) they dont look nice.c) kate doesnt go to no. 4 middle school.d) kate cant findher doll.e)

14、there isnt a cat here. (=theres no cat here.)2.祈使句肯定祈使句a) please go and ask the man. b) lets learn english!c) come in, please.否定祈使句 a) don t be late. b) dont hurry.3.疑問(wèn)句1) 一般疑問(wèn)句 a) is jim a student? b) can i help you? c) does she like salad?d) do they watch tv? e) is she reading?肯定回答 : a) yes, he is

15、. b) yes, you can. c) yes, she does. d) yes, they do. e) yes, she is.否定回答 : a) no, he isnt. b) no, you cant. c) no, she doesnt. d)no, they don t. e) no, she isnt.2) 選擇疑問(wèn)句 is the table big or small?回答 it s big./ its small.3) 特殊疑問(wèn)句 問(wèn)年齡 how old is lucy? she is twelve. 問(wèn)種類 what kind of movies do you lik

16、e? i like action movies andcomedies. 問(wèn)身體狀況 how is your uncle? he is well/fine. 問(wèn)方式 how do/can you spell it? l-double o-k.how do we contact you? my e-mail address is . 問(wèn)原因 why do you want to join the club? 問(wèn)時(shí)間whats the time? (=what time is it?) its a quarter to tena.m.what time do yo

17、u usuallyget up, rick? at five oclock.when do you want to go? lets go at 7:00. 問(wèn)地方wheres my backpack? its under the table. 問(wèn)顏色 what color are they? they are light blue.whats your favourite color? its black. 問(wèn)人物whos that? its my sister.who is the boy in blue? my brother.who isn t at school? peter and

18、 emma.who are lisa and tim talking to? 問(wèn)東西whats this/that (in english)? its a pencil case.what else can you see in the picture? i can see somebroccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11 問(wèn)姓名whats your aunt s name? her name is helen./shes helen.whats your first name? my first names ben.whats your family

19、name? my family names smith.12 問(wèn)哪一個(gè) which do you like? i like one in the box.13 問(wèn)字母what letter is it? its big d/small f.14 問(wèn)價(jià)格 how much are these pants? theyre 15 dollars.15 問(wèn)電話號(hào)碼whats your phone number? its 576 -8349.16 問(wèn)謂語(yǔ) ( 動(dòng)作 ) what s he doing? hes watching tv.17 問(wèn)職業(yè) ( 身份 ) what do you do? im a

20、teacher.whats your father? hes a doctor.三、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：be 動(dòng)詞： shes a worker. is she a worker? she isnt a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： i can playthe piano.can you play the piano? i cantplay thepiano.行為動(dòng)詞： they want to eat sometomatoes. do they want to eat any tomatoes? they don t want t

21、o eat any tomatoes.gina has a nice watch. does gina have a nice watch? gina doesn a watch.t have2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為 sb be v-ing sth + 其它 .i m playing baseball. are you playing baseball? i baseball.m not playingnancy is writing a letter. is nancy writing a letter? nancy isn t writing a letter.theyre listening to the pop music. are they listening the pop music?they aren t listening to the