電氣工程專外教學(xué).ppt

1、專業(yè)外語,南京工程學(xué)院電力系 蔣志平,2007年2月,英譯中,中譯英,詞匯,Application Breaker pole position discordance can occur on the operation of a breaker with independent operating gears for the three poles. The reason may be an interruption in the closing or trip coil circuit, or a mechanical failure resulting in a stuck (卡住的，不

2、能動的) breaker pole. A pole discordance can be tolerated for a limited time, for instance during a single-phase trip-reclose cycle. The pole discordance function detects a breaker pole discordancy not generated by auto-reclose cycle and issues a trip signal for the circuit breaker.,1. Pole discordance

3、 protection (PD),三相不一致保護(hù)（PD）,應(yīng)用 在操作有三相獨立操作機(jī)構(gòu)的斷路器時，可能會發(fā)生斷路器位置不一致的情況，可能是由于跳閘線圈回路斷線，或是由于機(jī)械原因使斷路器某一極被卡住。三相不一致可以容許在有限的時間內(nèi)，例如在單相跳合閘周期內(nèi)。三相不一致功能檢測自動重合閘周期之外產(chǎn)生的斷路器三相不一致，并向斷路器發(fā)出跳閘信號。,Functionality The operation of the pole discordance logic, PD, it based on checking the position of the breaker auxiliary contac

4、ts. Three parallel normally open contacts in series with three normally closed contacts in parallel of the respective breaker poles form a condition of pole discordance, connected to a binary dedicated for the purpose. In addition, there is an automatic detection criterion based on comparison of cur

5、rents in the breaker poles. This function is enabled for just a few seconds after close or trip commands to the breaker in order to avoid unwanted operation in unsymmetrical load conditions.,1. Pole discordance protection (PD),三相不一致保護(hù)（PD）,功能特性 三相不一致邏輯PD動作基于檢查斷路器的輔接點位置，由斷路器每相的三個常開并輔接點與三個常閉并輔接點串聯(lián)構(gòu)成三相不

6、一致檢查條件，然后與專用的開關(guān)量輸入回路相連。 另外，有一個自動檢測斷路器電流的電路，該功能在合閘或跳閘幾秒鐘后投入，以避免不對稱負(fù)荷時造成非預(yù)期的操作。,2. Breaker failure protection,Application In many protection applications local redundancy (冗余) is used. One part of the fault clearance system is however never duplicated, namely the circuit breaker. Therefore a breaker f

7、ailure protection can be used. The breaker failure protection is initiated by trip signals from different protection functions within or outside the protection terminal. When a trip signal is sent to the breaker failure protection fist, with no or a very short delay, a re-trip signal can be sent to

8、the protected breaker. If fault current is flowing through the breaker still after a setting time a back-up trip signal is sent to the adjacent breakers. This will ensure fault clearance also if the circuit breaker is out of order.,斷路器失靈保護(hù)（BFP）,應(yīng)用 在有多個保護(hù)時，采用就地冗余，但是卻有一部分故障消除系統(tǒng)從不雙重化，即斷路器，因此要使用斷路器失靈保護(hù)。

9、 斷路器失靈保護(hù)由保護(hù)終端內(nèi)外不同保護(hù)功能的跳閘信號起動。當(dāng)跳閘信號送到斷路器失靈保護(hù)時，先不經(jīng)延時或經(jīng)很短的延時向保護(hù)斷路器發(fā)重跳信號。如果經(jīng)一整定時間后斷路器仍流過故障電流，則向相鄰的斷路器發(fā)一個后備跳閘信號，這樣即使斷路器故障時也能保證清除故障。,2. Breaker failure protection,Design The breaker failure protection function is initiated by the trip commands from protection functions placed either inside the same termin

10、al or externally, by connection to appropriate binary inputs. A dedicated input is available for general starting. Three separate functional inputs are also available for single-phase starting. The operate value of the phase segregated current measuring elements is settable within a wide range. Thre

11、e independent timers t2 are available for phase segregated breaker failure detection.,斷路器失靈保護(hù)（BFP）,設(shè)計 斷路器失靈保護(hù)功能由同一終端內(nèi)的保護(hù)裝置或通過適當(dāng)?shù)拈_關(guān)量輸入裝置的外部保護(hù)裝置的跳閘命令起動?？梢杂腥齻€獨立的功能輸入用于單相起動，也有一個專門的輸入用于三相起動。 分相電流測量元件的動作值可以在很寬的范圍內(nèi)設(shè)定，對分相斷路器失靈檢測，可以有三個獨立的定時器t2。,2. Breaker failure protection,An additional timer t1 for retrip

12、command is available. Dedicated setting allows to enable or disable the retrip or to perform it by current check or not. Retrip to the faulty circuit breaker can be issued single phase or three phases. Special adaptive algorithm (ASD), together with RMS measurement, allow a fast resetting time of th

13、e current measuring elements. The current measurement is stabilized against transients which can cause unwanted operation with saturated current transformers.,斷路器失靈保護(hù)（BFP）,重跳命令需要帶一個附加的延時t1。有一個專用的整定值用于開放或不開放重跳閘，或確定進(jìn)行重跳或者是否將經(jīng)過電流檢測。重跳故障斷路器可以發(fā)單相跳令或三相跳令。 特殊的自適應(yīng)算法（ASD-）同RMS有效值測量一道使用，可快速復(fù)歸電流測量元件的時間，電流測量元件可

14、對由于電流互感器飽和可能會引起誤動作的暫態(tài)過程進(jìn)行制動。,3. Distance protection (ZM),Application The ZM distance protection function provides fast and reliable protection for overhead lines and power cables in all kinds of power networks. For each independent distance protection zone, full scheme design provides continuous mea

15、surement of impedance separately in three independent phase-to-phase measuring loops as well as in three independent phase-to-earth measuring loops. Phase-to-phase distance protection is suitable as a basic protection function against two- and three-phases faults in all kinds of networks, regardless

16、 of the treatment of the neutral point. Independent setting of the reach in the reactive and the resistive direction for each zone separately, makes it possible to create fast and selective short circuit protection in power systems.,距離保護(hù)（ZM）,ZM距離保護(hù)功能對各種電網(wǎng)中的架空線路及電力電纜提供快速、可靠的保護(hù)。對每一獨立的距離段，全方案設(shè)計對三個獨立的相相

17、測量回路及3個獨立的相地測量回路分別提供連續(xù)測量。 相相距離保護(hù)適于不考慮中性點處理方式的名種電網(wǎng)中，作為兩相故障、三相故障的基本保護(hù)功能。對每一段分別在電抗、電阻方向上的獨立整定使其作為電力系統(tǒng)中快速、有選擇性的短路保護(hù)。,3. Distance protection (ZM),Phase-to-earth distance protection serves as basic earth fault protection in networks with directly or low impedance earthed networks. Together with an indepen

18、dent phase preference logic, it also serves as selective protection function at cross-country faults in isolated or resonantly earthed networks. Independent reactive reach setting for phase-to-phase and for phase-to-earth measurement secures high selectivity in networks with different protective rel

19、ays used for short circuit and earth-fault protection.,距離保護(hù)（ZM）,相地距離保護(hù)在直接接地或低阻抗接地網(wǎng)絡(luò)中可作為基本的接地保護(hù)功能，加上一個獨立的選相邏輯，也可作為隔離接地或諧振接地網(wǎng)絡(luò)中跨區(qū)域故障的選擇性保護(hù)功能。 在用不同保護(hù)繼電器對短路及接地故障進(jìn)行保護(hù)的電網(wǎng)中，相間及相地測量有獨立的電抗設(shè)定范圍，以保證距離保護(hù)有較高的選擇性。,3. Distance protection (ZM),The distance protection zones can operate, independently of each other,

20、in directional (forward or reverse) or non-directional mode. This makes it suitable, together with different communication schemes, for the protection of power lines and cables in complex network configurations, such as double-circuit, parallel lines, multiterminal lines, etc. Zone 1 ,2and 3 can iss

21、ue phase selective signals, such as start and trip. Basic distance protection function is generally suitable for use in non-compensated networks. A special addition to the basic functions is available optionally for use on series compensated and adjacent lines where voltage reversals might disturb t

22、he correct directional discrimination of a basic distance protection.,距離保護(hù)（ZM）,距離保護(hù)段可以帶方向模式（正方向或反方向）或不帶方向模式，彼此獨立地動作，對復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的電力線路、電纜線路的保護(hù)，如雙回線、平行線、多端線等，這種特性與不同的通信方案組合在一起使其適宜上述情形。1段、2段、3段可以發(fā)選相信號，如起動、跳閘信號。 基本距離保護(hù)功能通常適用于用在非補(bǔ)償網(wǎng)絡(luò)中。也可有一個可選的特殊附加功能，當(dāng)電壓反向使基本距離保護(hù)功能不能正確區(qū)分串補(bǔ)線路及串補(bǔ)相鄰線路的方向時，作為補(bǔ)充功能。,4.Phase selectio

23、n logic (PHS),Application The PHS is an independent measuring function. It comprises both impedance and current-based measurement criteria. Its main purpose is to augment the phase selectivity of the complete distance protection in networks with long and heavily loaded lines. It is generally intende

24、d for use in directly earthed networks, where correct and reliable phase selection for single-phase faults, combined with single-pole tripping and automatic reclosing, secures the stability of complete power systems.,選相邏輯（PHS）,PHS選相邏輯功能為一獨立的測量功能，它由阻抗測量判別與電流測量判別組成。主要用于加強(qiáng)長線路重負(fù)荷線路網(wǎng)絡(luò)中整個距離保護(hù)的選相性能，常用于直接接地

25、的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中。在這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，單相接地故障的正確可靠選相，與單相跳閘、自動重合閘組合在一起保證整個系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定。,4.Phase selection logic (PHS),The independent measurement of impedance in all fault loops secures a high degree of phase selectivity in complex networks. This independent phase selection, combined with directional measurement for each fault loop,

26、 also secures selective operation for simultaneous close-in faults on parallel circuits. Independent reactive reach settings for phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth measurement secures high selectivity in networks with different protective relays used for short-circuit and earth-fault protection.,選相邏輯

27、（PHS）,六個故障回路的獨立阻抗測量保證對復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)有高度的選相特性。獨立的選相與每個故障回路的方向測量組合在一起，也確保平行線近端同時故障有選擇性地動作。對相相、相地測量，獨立的電抗范圍整定也保證用作網(wǎng)絡(luò)中短路故障、接地故障的不同保護(hù)繼電器有高度的選相特性。,Autorecloser(AR),The majority of power line faults are transient in nature, i.e. they do not recur when the line is re-energized following disconnection. The main purpos

28、e of the AR automatic reclosing function is to automatically return power lines to service following their disconnection for fault conditions. To meet the different single, double or 1 and circuit breaker arrangements, one, two, three, or six identical AR function blocks may be provided within a sin

29、gle terminal. The actual number of these function blocks that may be included within any given terminal depends on the type of terminal. Therefore, the specific circuit breaker arrangements that can be catered for, or the number of bays of a specific arrangement that can be catered for, depends on t

30、he type of terminal. Especially at higher voltages, the majority of line faults are single-phase-to-earth. Faults involving all three phases are rare. The main purpose of the single-and two-pole automatic reclosing function, operating in conjunction with a single- and two-pole tripping capability, i

31、s to limit the effect to the system of faults involving less than all three phases. This is particularly valuable for maintaining system stability in system stability in systems with limited meshing or parallel routing.,自動重合閘（AR）,大多數(shù)線路故障本身都是瞬時性的，即當(dāng)線路被斷開后重新加電時，故障不會重發(fā)。自動重合閘功能AR的主要用途是在線路發(fā)生故障跳閘斷開后使電力線路自

32、動恢復(fù)運(yùn)行。 為滿足單母線、雙母線， 3/2斷路器接線方式，在一個保護(hù)終端內(nèi)可以有一個、兩個、三個或六個相同的AR功能塊。某一終端內(nèi)實際AR功能塊數(shù)量與終端的類型有關(guān)。因此，不同的終端類型可以適應(yīng)特定的斷路器布置方式、適應(yīng)特定接線方式中不同的間隔數(shù)。 尤其對高壓系統(tǒng)，大多數(shù)線路故障為單相接地故障，三相短路很少。單相、兩相自動重合閘功能與單相、兩相跳閘相配合，主要作用是降低非三相的故障對系統(tǒng)影響。這一點對保持有限線路聯(lián)絡(luò)的網(wǎng)狀形或平行線連接的系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定特別有利。,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯1,電力系統(tǒng) power system 發(fā)電機(jī) generator 電動機(jī) motor 勵磁 excitation

33、 勵磁器 excitor 電壓 voltage 電流 current 母線 bus 變壓器 transformer 升壓變壓器 step-up transformer 降壓變壓器 step-down transformer 檔位：tap position 空載損耗：no-load loss 空載電流：no-load current 有功損耗：active power loss 無功損耗：reactive power loss 鐵損 iron loss 銅損copper loss 輸電系統(tǒng) power transmission system 輸電線 transmission line 配電系統(tǒng)

34、Power distribution system 高壓: high voltage 低壓：low voltage 中壓：middle voltage 高壓側(cè) high side,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯2,穩(wěn)定 stability 功角穩(wěn)定 angle stability 電壓穩(wěn)定 voltage stability 暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定 transient stability 靜態(tài)穩(wěn)定 steady stability 電廠 power plant 能量輸送 power transfer 交流 AC (alternating current) 直流 DC (direct current)電網(wǎng) power

35、grid 落點 drop point 開關(guān)站 switch station 調(diào)節(jié) regulation 高壓并聯(lián)電抗器 high voltage shunt reactor 并列的：apposable 裕度 margin 故障 fault 三相故障 three phase fault 分接頭：tap 切機(jī) generator tripping 高頂值 high limited value 靜態(tài) static (state) 動態(tài) dynamic (state) 機(jī)端電壓控制 AVR 電抗 reactance 電阻 resistance 功角 power angle 有功（功率） active

36、power,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯3,電容器capacitor 電抗器reactor 斷路器breaker 電動機(jī)：motor 功率因數(shù)：power-factor 定子：stator 功角power-angle 轉(zhuǎn)子：rotor 電壓等級voltage grade 有功負(fù)載: active load 無功負(fù)載：reactive load 阻抗impedance電阻：resistor 電抗：reactance 電導(dǎo)：conductance 電納：susceptance,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯4,上限:upper limit 下限：lower limit 正序阻抗：positive sequence

37、impedance 負(fù)序阻抗：negative sequence impedance零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance 無功（功率） reactive power 功率因數(shù) power factor 無功電流 reactive current 斜率 slope 額定 rating 變比 ratio 參考值 reference value 電壓互感器 PT電流互感器 CT,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯5,仿真分析 simulation analysis 傳遞函數(shù) transfer function 框圖 block diagram 受電端 receive-side 送電端 send

38、ing-side 同步 synchronization異步 asynchronization 搖擺 swing 阻尼 damping 無刷直流電機(jī)：Brushless DC motor機(jī)端 generator terminal 斷路器 circuit breaker 刀閘(隔離開關(guān))：Isolator（disconnector）接地刀閘 earthing disconnector,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯6,變電站 transformer substation 永磁同步電機(jī)：Permanent-magnet Synchronism Motor 異步電機(jī)：Asynchronous Motor 三繞組

39、變壓器：three-column transformer 雙繞組變壓器：double-column transformer 固定串聯(lián)電容補(bǔ)償fixed series capacitor compensation 雙回同桿并架 double-circuit lines on the same tower 單機(jī)無窮大系統(tǒng) one machine - infinity bus system,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯7,勵磁電流：magnetizing current 電磁場Electromagnetic fields 失去同步 loss of synchronization 裝機(jī)容量 installed

40、 capacity 無功補(bǔ)償 reactive power compensation 并聯(lián)電容器：shunt capacitor 線路補(bǔ)償器 line drop compensation 補(bǔ)償度 degree of compensation 故障切除時間 fault clearing time 極限切除時間 critical clearing time 強(qiáng)行勵磁 reinforced excitation 下降特性 droop characteristics 下降率 droop rate,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯8,電機(jī)學(xué) Electrical Machinery 自動控制理論 Automatic

41、 Control Theory 電磁場 Electromagnetic Field 微機(jī)原理 Principle of Microcomputer 電工學(xué) Electrotechnics 電路原理 Principle of circuits,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯9,電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)態(tài)分析 Steady-State Analysis of Power System 電力系統(tǒng)暫態(tài)分析 Transient-State Analysis of Power System 電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)原理 Principle of Power Systems Relay Protection 電力系統(tǒng)元件保護(hù)原理 Prot

42、ection Principle of Power System s Element 電力系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部過電壓 Past Voltage within Power system 模擬電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) Basis of Analogue Electronic Technique 數(shù)字電子技術(shù) Digital Electronic Technique,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯10,電路原理實驗Lab. of principle of circuits 電氣工程講座 Lectures on electrical power production 電力電子基礎(chǔ)Basic fundamentals of power

43、electronics 高電壓工程High voltage engineering 電子專題實踐Topics on experimental project of electronics 電氣工程概論Introduction to electrical engineering 電子電機(jī)集成系統(tǒng)electronic machine system 電力傳動與控制Electrical Drive and Control 電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù) Power System Relaying Protection,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯11,Electric power system(電力系統(tǒng)) generato

44、r(發(fā)電機(jī)), generation(發(fā)電), generating unit(發(fā)電機(jī)組) thermal units, hydro units, boiler, turbine, turbine-generator generating reserve capacity(發(fā)電備用容量), transformer(變壓器), tap-changing , phase-shifting start-and-stand-by auxiliary transformer(起/備變) transducer(變送器), CT( transformer), PT(potential transformer

45、) DC(direct current), AC(alternating current) three-phase ac system(三相交流系統(tǒng)), voltage, current, frequency, phase angle, power (功率) nominal value(標(biāo)稱值) , rating(額定值), per unit value HV(high voltage), EHV(extra-high voltage) transmission system(輸電系統(tǒng)), distribution system(配電系統(tǒng)) asynchronous motor(),synch

46、ronous motor/machine bus, feeder, underground cable,excitation system(勵磁系統(tǒng)), field current(勵磁電流), prime mover field winding(勵磁繞組), rotor(), stator(), resistance(電阻), resistor,capacitance(電容), capacitor reactance(電抗), reactor, conductance(電導(dǎo)), conductor(導(dǎo)體) susceptance(電納B), impedance(阻抗), admittance

47、(導(dǎo)納), synchronous condenser(同步調(diào)相機(jī)), SVC (static var compensator) variable(變量) , function(函數(shù)), constrain(約束), equation disturbance(), overload(過載), outage (停電), blackout shifting(切換) , security dispatch(安全調(diào)度) generator tripping(切機(jī)), load curtailment(削減負(fù)荷), load shedding (甩負(fù)荷) dynamic performance (動態(tài)特

48、性) planning, design, and operation of power system power system operating states,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯12,電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯13,SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) state estimation(狀態(tài)估計) reliability, stability reclosing facility permanent phase-to-ground fault, circuit breaker(斷路器), disconnecting switch(隔離開

49、關(guān)) electromechanical oscillation(機(jī)電振蕩) rotating magnetic field (旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場) mechanical torque/power(機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)矩), electrical torque/power damping torque(阻尼轉(zhuǎn)矩) automatic voltage regulator(自動電壓調(diào)節(jié)) active power, reactive power power flow, load flow, power factor underload tap-changing(ULTC)有載調(diào)節(jié)分接頭 reactive power co

50、mpensation(無功補(bǔ)償),電力系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語詞匯14,magnitude(幅值) short-term or transient: 0 to 10 seconds mid-term: 10 seconds t0 a few minutes long-term: a few minutes to 10s of minutes AGC(automatic generation control) protection, relaying, relay transformer saturation(飽和) coordination of control and protection equipment nonli