哲學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、哲學(xué)專業(yè)英語（the course of philosophical English）西方哲學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯Western philosophy西方哲學(xué)Ancient Greek-Roman philosophy古希臘羅馬哲學(xué)Hellenistic philosophy希臘化哲學(xué)Medieval philosophy中世紀(jì)哲學(xué)Renaissance philosophy文藝復(fù)興哲學(xué)Modern western philosophy西方近代哲學(xué)Contemporary western philosophy西方現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)Jewish philosophy猶太哲學(xué)馬克思主義哲學(xué)Philosophy of M

2、arxism 中國(guó)哲學(xué)Chinese Philosophy 外國(guó)哲學(xué)Foreign Philosophy 邏輯學(xué)Logic 倫理學(xué)Ethics 美學(xué)Aesthetics 宗教學(xué)Science of Religion 科學(xué)技術(shù)哲學(xué)Philosophy of Science and Technology藝術(shù)哲學(xué)Philosophy of artMetaphysics形而上學(xué)Epistemology認(rèn)識(shí)論/知識(shí)論Methodology方法論ontology本體論Cosmology宇宙論/宇宙生成論Theory of value/axiology價(jià)值論Monism一元論Dualism二元論P(yáng)lural

3、ism多元論Cognosciblism可知論Agnosticism不可知論Materialism唯物主義Irrationalism非理性主義abstract/concrete抽象/具體Idealism唯心主義Objective /Subjective idealism客/主觀唯心主義Scepticism懷疑主義Substance實(shí)體macrocosm大宇宙microcosm小宇宙Sensibility/understanding/ reason感性/知性/理性Theism有神論Antitheism 無神論Deism自然神論pantheism泛神論Dialectical materialism辯

4、證唯物主義Historical materialism歷史唯物主義Law of identity同一律Law of contradiction排中律Law of excluded middle排中律teleology目的論mechanism機(jī)械論dialectics辯證法consciousness意識(shí)spirit精神belief信念nature自然reality現(xiàn)實(shí)，實(shí)在possibility可能性Illusion幻想imagination想象力Mysticism神秘主義Spiritualism唯靈論form形式existence存在appearance現(xiàn)象essence本質(zhì)prime mat

5、ter原初質(zhì)料motion運(yùn)動(dòng)Continuity/non-Continuity連續(xù)性/間斷性time and space時(shí)間與空間Past-present-future過去/現(xiàn)在/未來cause and effect原因與結(jié)果subject and object主體與客體occasionalism偶因論Ockhams razor奧康剃刀subjectivity主體性Necessity and contingency必然性與偶然性Universals and individuals個(gè)別與一般/共相與殊相/普遍與個(gè)別relative and absolute相對(duì)與絕對(duì)intuition直覺ide

6、a觀念thought思維perception知覺subsistence潛在knowledge知識(shí)opinion意見Nature自然Actuality/reality現(xiàn)實(shí)Reality實(shí)在Necessity and freedom必然與自由Beginning/first principle/arche（希）本原，始基archetype原型illusion幻象image形像，影像ideology意識(shí)形態(tài)doctrine of correspondence符合說mind-body problem身心問題representative theory of idea表象說finite and infini

7、te有限與無限humanism人道主義，人文主義Natural theology自然神學(xué)substratum基質(zhì)The infinite/boundless/apeiron無定/無限pneuma普紐瑪being存在non-being非存在logos邏各斯mind/nous努斯psyche/pneuma普紐瑪atom原子void虛空element元素four roots四根self-knowledge自知Becoming/decay生成/衰亡bisection兩分法flying arrow is at rest飛矢不動(dòng)stadium運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)becoming生成doctrine of effluen

8、ce流射說Eristic/elenchus論辯術(shù)，詭辯術(shù)art of midwifery/maieutic method助產(chǎn)術(shù)/接生術(shù)irony譏諷Virtue is knowledge美德即知識(shí)world of idea理念世界Infinite regress argument無窮后退證明Simile of the cave洞穴喻Simile of the line線段喻Simile of the sun太陽喻 sense world感性世界，感官世界harmony和諧theory of Participation（sharing）分有說theory of Imitation模仿說copy摹

9、本archetype模型，原型paradigm范式model of universal宇宙模型，世界模型soul of universal宇宙靈魂，世界靈魂P(guān)hilosopher-king哲學(xué)王passion激情Wisdom/courage/temperance/justice智慧/勇敢/節(jié)制/正義（four cardinal virtue四主德） Desire/passion欲望/激情artificer工匠，創(chuàng)造者Genus種primary/secondary substance第一、二實(shí)體form and matter形式與質(zhì)料accident偶性potentiality and actu

10、ality潛能與現(xiàn)實(shí)four causes 四因material cause質(zhì)料因formal cause形式因efficient cause動(dòng)力因final cause目的因ether以太Actuality現(xiàn)實(shí)/entelechy隱德萊希（完全實(shí)現(xiàn)）Good/highest good善/至善Category范疇Peripatetics漫步學(xué)派active reason/active intellect主動(dòng)理性/主動(dòng)理智mean中道，中庸wisdom智慧Practical wisdom實(shí)踐智慧intellectual virtue理智德性the liar說謊者argument of the m

11、easure of grain谷堆論證argument of the baldhead禿頭論證argument of the veiled figure隱藏者論證logos of the universe宇宙理性one太一What-it-is 是什么the third man argument第三者論證Theory of recollection回憶說epoche懸擱判斷=judgement of suspensionataraxy靜觀doctrine of emanation流溢說anthropomorphism神人同形同性論=擬人觀pythagoreanism畢達(dá)哥拉斯主義transmig

12、ration of souls靈魂輪回轉(zhuǎn)世說atomism原子論Mode of cyclical reasoning循環(huán)論證Good being nature善即自然sensation was due to action between the unlikes異類相知說doctrine of like knows like同類相知說doctrine of seeds種子說Doctrine of love and strife愛恨說doctrine of image影像說cynicism犬儒主義platonism柏拉圖主義theory of idea理念論doctrine of the comm

13、union of genera通種論aristotelianism亞里士多德主義syllogism三段論Unmoved mover不動(dòng)的動(dòng)者=prime moverpurification凈化說induction歸納法pyrrhonism皮浪主義Epicureanism伊壁鳩魯主義canonic準(zhǔn)則學(xué)Ionian school伊奧尼亞學(xué)派Milesian school米利都學(xué)派Ephsian school愛菲斯學(xué)派Heraclitean school赫拉克利特學(xué)派Pythagoreans 畢達(dá)哥拉斯學(xué)派Eleatic school愛利亞學(xué)派privation缺失，匱乏Presocratics前

14、蘇格拉底學(xué)派Cynics犬儒學(xué)派Cyrenaics昔蘭尼學(xué)派megarian school麥加拉派sophists智者M(jìn)inor socratics小蘇格拉底學(xué)派academy學(xué)園/柏拉圖學(xué)園/雅典學(xué)園academics學(xué)園派peripatetics漫步學(xué)派stoics畫廊學(xué)派/斯多亞學(xué)派Epicurean school伊壁鳩魯學(xué)派Christianity基督教Christian philosophy基督教哲學(xué)Judaism猶太教Trinity三位一體heresy異端Polytheism多神論eschatology末世論Church fathers教父Providence天意，天命Kingdo

15、m of God上帝之國(guó)theology神學(xué)negative theology否定神學(xué)Positive theology肯定神學(xué)Patristic philosophy/ Patristics教父哲學(xué)/教父學(xué)scholasticism經(jīng)院哲學(xué)revealed religion天啟宗教，啟示宗教Trinity三位一體incarnation道成肉身faith/hope/love信仰/希望/熱愛doctrine of redemption救贖論grace神恩，神惠，恩寵omnipotence全能omniscience全知omnipresence全在Argument a posteriori先天證明A

16、rgument a priori后天證明fideism信仰主義（僧侶主義）hylozoism物活論Original sin 原罪Justification by faith因信稱義Ockhams razor奧卡姆剃刀nominalism唯名論（extreme/moderate）realism唯實(shí)論（ extreme/moderate ）Augustinism奧古斯丁主義ontological argument本體論證明cosmological argument宇宙論證明teleological argument目的論證明Moral argument道德論證明Supreme good argum

17、ent至善性證明Faith hope and charity信望愛doctrine of double-truth雙重真理論Divine illumination神的光照Theological fatalism神學(xué)預(yù)定論Thomism托馬斯主義Averroism阿威洛伊主義Scotism司各脫主義Rationalism唯理論（ materialistic/idealistic ）Empiricism經(jīng)驗(yàn)論（materialistic/idealistic）Social contract theory社會(huì)契約論Geographical determinism地理環(huán)境決定論Classical Ge

18、rman philosophy德國(guó)古典哲學(xué)Apriorism先天論The reformation宗教改革運(yùn)動(dòng)Enlightenment啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)French materialism法國(guó)唯物主義Encyclopaedists百科全書派conceptualism概念論Mechanistic materialism機(jī)械唯物論learned ignorance有學(xué)問的無知maximum極大minimum極小utopia烏托邦universal intellect普遍理智idols假相，偶像theory of four idols四假相說idols of the tribe種族假相idols of the

19、 cave洞穴假相idols of the market-place市場(chǎng)假相idols of the theatre劇場(chǎng)假相property and form性質(zhì)與形式extension廣延first principle第一原理Real/nominal essence實(shí)在/名義本質(zhì)blank tablet白板causality因果性causation因果關(guān)系cause原因/effect結(jié)果experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)dogma教條Material/Spiritual substance物質(zhì)/精神實(shí)體thinking substance思想實(shí)體，思維實(shí)體Innate idea天賦觀念adventit

20、ious ideas外來觀念factitious ideas虛幻觀念dualism of mind and matter心物二元論Animal sprits精氣，元精，動(dòng)物精神psycho-physical interactionism身心交感論pineal gland松果腺extensive substance廣延實(shí)體the theory of social contrast社會(huì)契約論Association of idea觀念的聯(lián)結(jié)（休謨）Cartesianists笛卡兒主義者theory of substance實(shí)體論theory of attribute屬性論theory of mode

21、樣式論（finite/infinite）psycho-physical parallelism心物平行論true idea真觀念attribute屬性Spinozism斯賓諾莎主義experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)（external/internal）sensation and reflection感覺與反省abstraction抽象作用abstract idea抽象觀念Simple/complex idea簡(jiǎn)單/復(fù)雜觀念I(lǐng)mmaterialism非物質(zhì)主義personal identity人格同一性contiguity接近性（休謨）Divine right of kings君權(quán)神授說school of

22、 continental Rationalism大陸理性派British empirists英國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)派Cambridge platonism 劍橋柏拉圖主義Scottish school of common sense蘇格蘭常識(shí)學(xué)派Old Hegelians老年黑格爾派Young Hegelians青年黑格爾派Right Hegelians黑格爾右派Left Hegelians黑格爾左派Speculative philosophy 思辨哲學(xué)Three tables三表法Table of essence/presence本質(zhì)表/具有表Table of absence of proximity接近

23、中的缺乏表Table of degree/comparison程度表/比較表Relative/finite substance相對(duì)的或有限的實(shí)體Absolute/infinite substance絕對(duì)的或無限的實(shí)體Theory of corpuscles 微粒說Theory of vortex 漩渦說Cartesianism笛卡兒主義cosmotheism宇宙神論（斯賓諾莎）Infinite attribute無限的屬性Theory of modes樣態(tài)論Mode 樣態(tài)，樣式Sensation/reflection感覺/反省External/internal experience外部/內(nèi)部經(jīng)

24、驗(yàn)Abstraction抽象作用Psychic force心力（萊布尼茲）Small perception微知覺Principle of continuity連續(xù)性原則Idea of substance/modes/relations實(shí)體/情狀/關(guān)系觀念real/fantastical ideas實(shí)在/幻想觀念I(lǐng)ntuitive/demonstratic/probable直覺/證明/或然知識(shí)primary/secondary/third quality第一/二/三性質(zhì)real/nominal essence實(shí)在/名義本質(zhì)innate human right天賦人權(quán)will of all全體意志

25、monad單子monadology單子論cognition認(rèn)知Complete notion完滿性觀念（萊布尼茲）Best of all possible world可能世界中的最佳者sentiment情感sentimentalismscience of human nature人性科學(xué)human nature/humanity人性Per-established harmony前定和諧pre-established harmony預(yù)定和諧truth of reason/fact理性真理與事實(shí)真理Divine reason 神圣理性theodicy神正論Order of possible coe

26、xistence and order of possibilities which cannot coexist可共存之物的秩序與不可共存之物的秩序existence is to be perceived存在就是被感知immaterialism非物質(zhì)論idea and notion觀念與意念impression and ideas印象與觀念resemblance類似關(guān)系contiguity in time and space接近關(guān)系causal relation因果關(guān)系determinism of geographical environment地理環(huán)境決定論Theory of the omn

27、ipotence of education教育萬能論Apodictic/assertoric必然的/實(shí)然的（康德）Appearance現(xiàn)象（康德）manifold雜多Physico-theological argument自然神論證明critical philosophy批判哲學(xué)dogmatism獨(dú)斷論copernican revolution哥白尼的革命pure reason純粹理性antinomy二律背反thing-in-itself自在之物，物自體appearance現(xiàn)象practical reason實(shí)踐理性good will善良意志schein幻相moral law道德律finali

28、ty apart from an end無目的的合目的性Analytic-synthetic分析-綜合Sensibility/understanding/reason感性/知性/理性category范疇command律令reflective judgement反思的判斷力representation表象Schema圖型/schematism圖型論，圖式論Metaphysical deduction形而上學(xué)演繹Metaphysical exposition形而上學(xué)闡明Metaphysics of morals道德性而上學(xué)Metaphysics of nature自然形而上學(xué)transcenden

29、tal apperception先驗(yàn)統(tǒng)覺Analogies of experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)的類推architectonic建筑術(shù)Autonomy自主性（康德）transcendental idealism先驗(yàn)唯心主義Kantianism康德主義transcendental先驗(yàn)的transcendent超驗(yàn)的transcendental aesthetic先驗(yàn)感性論transcendental analytic先驗(yàn)分析論Transcendental deduction先驗(yàn)演繹Transcendental dialectic先驗(yàn)辯證論Transcendental illusion先驗(yàn)幻象Trans

30、cendental logic先驗(yàn)邏輯Transcendental ideal先驗(yàn)的理想Transcendental paralogism先驗(yàn)謬誤推理Transcendental reflection先驗(yàn)反思A priori and synthetic judgement 先天綜合判斷taste鑒賞力Thing-for-itself為我之物A priori先天A posteriori后天A priori judgement先天判斷A posteriori judgement 后天判斷analytic judgement分析判斷synthetical judgement綜合判斷Quantity

31、of judgement/ category of Quantity判斷的量與量的范疇Qualitaty of judgement/ category of Qualitaty判斷的質(zhì)與質(zhì)的范疇Relation of judgement/ category of relation判斷的關(guān)系與關(guān)系的范疇Mode of judgement/ category of mode 判斷的樣式與樣式的范疇Anthropology 人本學(xué)Absolute religion絕對(duì)宗教Free spirit自由精神Objective spirit客觀精神practical spirit實(shí)踐精神theoretica

32、l spirit理論精神Subjective spirit主觀精神Externalization外化objectification對(duì)象化Position肯定Negation否定sublation揚(yáng)棄identical philosophy同一哲學(xué)in itself自我for itself自為absolute idea絕對(duì)理念absolute spirit 絕對(duì)精神philosophy of mind精神哲學(xué)subjective/objective spirit主/客觀精神these-antithese-synthese正-反-合civil society市民社會(huì)alienation異化dial

33、ectic辯證法actuality現(xiàn)實(shí)Hegelianism黑格爾主義Young Hegellians 青年黑格爾派Natural theology自然神學(xué)（理性神學(xué)）absolute ego （費(fèi)希特的）絕對(duì)自我animatism 物活論animism 泛靈論，萬物有靈論anthropologism 人本主義the Apostles十二使徒 asceticism 禁欲主義 atomism 原子論，原子學(xué)說 atonement 贖罪baptism （基督教）洗禮bourgeoisie 資產(chǎn)階級(jí)causationism 因果論Christianity 基督教 clherentism 貫通論The Decalogue摩西十戒deism 理神論；自然神論；自然神論（natural religion）Judgment Day 上帝的最后審判日，世界的末日Kants nebular hypothesis 康德的星云假說method of exclusion 排除法method of induction 歸納法nativism 先天論，天賦論sense perception 感性知覺sentience 感覺現(xiàn)象；原始感覺theory of reflection 反映論theor