高二語文配套練習 2.3 民為貴（新人教版選修《先秦諸子選讀》） Word版含解析

1、三、民為貴一、夯基訓練1.下列句中加點詞的解釋不正確的一項是()a.犧牲既成既:已經(jīng)b.得其心有道道:道理c.暴之于民而受之暴:顯d.夫然后之中國,踐天子位焉踐:登上,承襲答案:b解析:b項,道:方法,辦法。2.下列各句中加點詞的用法與其他三項不同的一項是()a.于傳有之b.所欲與之聚之c.殘賊之人謂之一夫d.諄諄然命之乎答案:c解析:a、b、d三項中的“之”均為代詞,c項中的“之”為結(jié)構(gòu)助詞。3.下列各組句子中的加點詞意義和用法相同的一項是()a.天與之,人與之與嬴而不助五國也b.得天下有道雖欲無王,不可得已c.祭祀以時以行與事示之者d.是故得乎丘民而為天子而居堯之宮答案:a解析:a項,兩項

2、都是“動詞,親附、幫助”的意思。b項,動詞,得到;動詞,能夠。c項,介詞,按照;介詞,拿,用。d項,連詞,表順承,就;連詞,表假設(shè),如果。4.下列各句中加點的詞語不是古今異義詞的一項是()a.終身憂辱,以陷于死亡b.夫然后之中國c.舜相堯二十有八載d.犧牲既成答案:c解析:c項,不是古今異義詞。a項,死亡,古義:被誅殺或者逃亡。今義:死,失去生命。b項,中國,古義,古人稱中原地區(qū)為中國,這里指國都。今義:指中華人民共和國。d項,犧牲,古義:用來祭祀社稷的牲畜。今義:指為了正義事業(yè)而獻身。二、課內(nèi)閱讀5.閱讀下面的文字,完成第57題。孟子曰:“桀、紂之失天下也,失其民也;失其民者,失其心也。得天

3、下有道:得其民,斯得天下矣;得其民有道:得其心,斯得民矣;得其心有道:所欲與之聚之,所惡勿施,爾也。民之歸仁也,猶水之就下、獸之走壙也。故為淵驅(qū)魚者,獺也;為叢驅(qū)爵者,鹯也;為湯、武驅(qū)民者,桀與紂也。今天下之君有好仁者,則諸侯皆為之驅(qū)矣。雖欲無王,不可得已。今之欲王者,猶七年之病求三年之艾也。茍為不畜,終身不得。茍不志于仁,終身憂辱,以陷于死亡。詩云:其何能淑?載胥及溺。此之謂也。”(孟子離婁上)下列句中加點詞的解釋不正確的一項是()a.所欲與之聚之聚:積聚b.猶水之就下、獸之走壙也壙:原野c.茍不志于人,終身憂辱憂:隱憂d.其何能淑,載胥及溺淑:賢能答案:d解析:d項,淑:善。6.與“得天下

4、有道”一句中的“得”的意思相同的一項是()a.雖欲無王,不可得已b.生亦我所欲,所欲有甚于生者,故不為茍得也c.所識窮乏者得我歟d.茍為不畜,終身不得答案:d解析:d項與例句均為“得到”的意思。a項,能夠;b項,求得;c項,通“德”,感激。7.把下列句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。(1)得其心有道:所欲與之聚之,所惡勿施,爾也。(2)今天下之君有好仁者,則諸侯皆為之驅(qū)矣。答案:(1)(君主)得民心有辦法:百姓想要的東西就設(shè)法為他們積聚,百姓厭惡的東西就不要加在他們身上,如此而已。(2)現(xiàn)在天下諸侯暴虐無道,如果有一位國君喜歡施行仁政的話,那么百姓就會在這些暴君的“驅(qū)使”下歸附他。8.閱讀下面的文字,完成第

5、89題。使之主祭而百神享之,是天受之;使之主事而事治,百姓安之,是民受之也。天與之,人與之,故曰,天子不能以天下與人。舜相堯二十有八載,非人之所能為也,天也。堯崩,三年之喪畢,舜避堯之子于南河之南。天下諸侯朝覲者不之堯之子而之舜,訟獄者不之堯之子而之舜,謳歌者不謳歌堯之子而謳歌舜,故曰天也。夫然后之中國,踐天子位焉。而居堯之宮,逼堯之子,是篡也,非天與也。泰誓曰:“天視自我民視,天聽自我民聽?！贝酥^也。(孟子萬章上)與“舜相堯二十有八載”中“相”的意思相同的一項是()a.兒已薄祿相,幸復得此婦b.煢煢孑立,形影相吊c.至于幽暗昏惑而無物以相之d.操雖托名漢相,其實漢賊也答案:c解析:例句,輔

6、助,扶助。a項,名詞,相貌。b項,副詞,互相。c項,輔助,扶助。d項,官名,宰相。9.將下列句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。(1)使之主事而事治,百姓安之,是民受之也。(2)而居堯之宮,逼堯之子,是纂也,非天與也。答案:(1)讓他主持事情,事情處理得很好,而百姓安于他的治理,是百姓接受了他。(2)如果舜強行住進堯的宮室,逼走堯的兒子,這樣的話就是篡位,而不是天把天下給了舜。三、延伸閱讀10.閱讀下面的文言文,完成第1013題。鄒與魯哄。穆公問曰:“吾有司死者三十三人,而民莫之死也。誅之,則不可勝誅;不誅,則疾視其長上之死而不救,如之何則可也?”孟子對曰:“兇年饑歲,君之民,老弱轉(zhuǎn)乎溝壑,壯者散而之四方者,

7、幾千人矣;而君之倉廩實,府庫充,有司莫以告,是上慢而殘下也。曾子曰:戒之戒之!出乎爾者,反乎爾者也。夫民今而后得反之也。君無尤焉!君行仁政,斯民親其上,死其長矣?！?孟子梁惠王下)注:穆公:鄒國國君。轉(zhuǎn):“棄尸”的意思。下列句中加點詞的解釋不正確的一項是()a.鄒與魯哄哄:爭斗,交戰(zhàn)b.則疾視其長上之死而不救疾:痛恨c.夫民今而后得反之也反:背叛d.君無尤焉尤:責怪,怪罪答案:c解析:c項,“反”通“返”,返回之義。11.對下列句子中加點詞的意義和用法判斷正確的一項是()而民莫之死也有司莫以告壯者散而之四方者夫民今而后得反之也a.相同,相同。b.相同,不同。c.不同,不同。d.不同,相同。答案

8、:b解析:兩個“莫”字都是不定指代詞, “沒有誰”之義。“之”是動詞“到,去”的意思,“之”字是代詞。12.下列各項對文段的理解,不正確的一項是()a.鄒穆公感到不解的是,面對長官被殺,為什么百姓不愿意去救援,為國家赴死盡節(jié)。孟子認為這根子上還是君與民、官與民的關(guān)系問題。b.在古代,下情想要上達,必須以官員為橋梁,因而問題的癥結(jié),就在于有司與百姓的關(guān)系。君主要行仁政,讓官員勤政,善待人民,百姓才愿意為其赴難。c.孟子指出當老百姓災(zāi)荒年歲餓死或逃荒時,國家明明是倉廩充實,而官吏卻乘機巧取豪奪。這種毫不體恤百姓的貪官污吏,是不可能得到百姓的信任的。d.孟子引述曾子的話“出乎爾者,反乎爾者也”,就是

9、要讓鄒穆公知道,事出必有因,若真要追究的話,那么棄百姓于不顧的官員,才是造成惡果的主要原因。答案:c解析:c項中,“而官吏卻乘機巧取豪奪”的說法有誤,原文中沒有“乘機巧取豪奪”的意思,而是強調(diào)官吏在災(zāi)年毫不體恤百姓。13.把下列句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。(1)兇年饑歲,君之民,老弱轉(zhuǎn)乎溝壑,壯者散而之四方者,幾千人矣。(2)戒之戒之!出乎爾者,反乎爾者也。答案:(1)饑荒年頭,您的百姓,年老體弱的餓死棄尸于溝坑里,強壯的逃散到四面八方的,有幾千人。(2)要謹慎啊,要謹慎啊!你怎樣對待別人,別人也會反過來怎樣對待你。參考譯文:鄒國和魯國發(fā)生了戰(zhàn)爭。鄒國國君鄒穆公問孟子:“我手下的官吏戰(zhàn)死了三十三人,而

10、百姓卻沒有人為他們的官員而死。要是殺掉他們,又不能殺那么多;如果不殺他們,又憎恨他們看著長官戰(zhàn)死而不去救助。對他們怎么辦才好呢?”孟子回答說:“饑荒年頭,您的百姓,年老體弱的餓死棄尸于溝坑里,強壯的逃散到四面八方的,有幾千人;而您的糧倉里卻堆滿了米,庫房里堆滿了財物,當官的沒有把上述情況向您報告,這是官吏怠慢國君而殘害人民的做法。曾子說:要謹慎啊,要謹慎啊!你怎樣對待別人,別人也會反過來怎樣對待你。老百姓今后會把官吏原來對待他們的態(tài)度反過來對待官吏的,您不要去責怪他們。只要您實行了仁政,老百姓自然就會愛戴他們的長官,甘心為長官效死的?！?0ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhy

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