高考英語 語法精講精練 專題十三 虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動詞(2021年最新整理)

1、高考英語 語法精講精練 專題十三 虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動詞高考英語 語法精講精練 專題十三 虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動詞 編輯整理：尊敬的讀者朋友們：這里是精品文檔編輯中心，本文檔內(nèi)容是由我和我的同事精心編輯整理后發(fā)布的，發(fā)布之前我們對文中內(nèi)容進行仔細校對，但是難免會有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（高考英語 語法精講精練 專題十三 虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動詞）的內(nèi)容能夠給您的工作和學習帶來便利。同時也真誠的希望收到您的建議和反饋，這將是我們進步的源泉，前進的動力。本文可編輯可修改，如果覺得對您有幫助請收藏以便隨時查閱，最后祝您生活愉快 業(yè)績進步，以下為高考英語 語法精講精練 專題十三 虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動詞的全部內(nèi)容。三大板

2、塊含有條件狀語從句的復合句名詞性從句賓語從句s。+wish（would rather）+賓語從句s.+suggest（demand )+賓語從句主語從句it is + adj./p.p/n。+ that+ s+ (should) +do表語從句s.+ is that +s. + (should) +do同位語從句s。+that +s. +（should） +do定語從句it is high/about time that +s。+ should do sth。(did sth）兩種形式1.時態(tài)后退型用一般過去表示現(xiàn)在用過去完成表示過去用過去將來表示將來2.should+動詞原形型語法專題十三：

3、虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣是高考重要考點，2017年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試大綱附錄語法項目表中列出了虛擬語氣以及情態(tài)動詞.2015年高考全國卷第79題（短文改錯）考查了情態(tài)動詞must后面接動詞原形。2016年高考全國卷沒有考查情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣.2017年高考全國卷沒有考查情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣。知 識 框 架1717虛擬語氣 一. 含有條件狀語從句的復合句（以do為例；s=主語） 時間條件狀語從句主 句現(xiàn)在if +s+did (were)s+would/should/could/might +do過去if +s+had dones+would/should/could/migh

4、t +have done將來 did(were）if+s should do were to dos+would/should/could/might +do例如:if i were you， i would apply for the job. if i had the money， i would buy it。if i were given another chance，i would do it better.if i had taken your advice， i would have made great progress.if it had not been for your

5、help, i wouldnt have finished the work so easily。if it should rain tomorrow，i would stay at home all day.if you were to come tomorrow，i could wait for you at home。注意：在書面語中，條件從句可以不用連詞if，而將謂語中的were,had或 should 等移至主語之前構成倒裝句。例如：were i you， i would apply for the job. had i taken your advice, i would have

6、 made great progress。should it rain tomorrow,i would stay at home all day。二、錯綜時間的條件句 虛擬條件句中的主句和從句涉及的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致,這時主句和從句的謂語形式應按照各自動作發(fā)生的實際時間來表達.例如：if you hadnt watched tv yesterday, you wouldnt be so sleepy now。 （從句yesterday說明過去，主句now說明現(xiàn)在)if they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in h

7、alf an hour. （從句說明過去,主句說明將來.）if you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. (從句說明現(xiàn)在,主句說明將來)三、含蓄條件句非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句.含蓄條件句有三種情況:1條件暗含在單詞短語中：常見介詞有with假如有, without假如沒有， but for要不是因為； 連詞有or/ otherwise（前句用陳述語氣,后句用虛擬)；but（前句為虛擬，后句陳述)例如：he would not get such a result w

8、ithout your help. （條件暗含在介詞短語without your help= if you hadnt helped him中）but for you, i could not be recovered so soon. （條件暗含在but for you= if you hadnt helped me中)he must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.(暗含條件是連詞or；后句為虛擬)i would have been to your place, but i was really too b

9、usy。=i was really too busy， or/ otherwise i would have been to your place. she was ill， otherwise she would have been present at the meeting. (條件通過連詞otherwise/ or表示出來 if she had not been ill.)2條件可根據(jù)上下文推理出they could have won。(條件可能是if they had been patient ）such mistakes could have been avoided。（條件可能是

10、if you had been more careful ）why didnt you tell me about it i should have helped you.（條件可能是if you had told me about it） did you go to see him yesterday？ - i would have， but someone come to visit me。(條件是if no one had come to visit me)3條件用其他形式來表示suppose you were in my shoes, what would you do？ （用supp

11、ose/ supposing/ providing等詞表示if）to talk with her， you would know she could not hear well.（不定式有假設的意思，相當于if you should talk with her.)left to himself， he could not have finished the work。（動詞的ed形式表示條件 if he had been left to himself.。.)二。 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中 sb. did(were）（表現(xiàn)在） 1。 wish+that sb。 had done (表過去) sb

12、。 would/could do（表將來）例如:i wish i knew his address。i wish he hadnt been rude to his parents。he wishes we would go with him。2。would rather后的從句要用虛擬語氣。時 間從 句對現(xiàn)在的虛擬were, did (一般過去時)對過去的虛擬had done (過去完成時)對將來的虛擬were, did （一般過去時)例如：id rather you posted the letter right away。 （現(xiàn)在) id rather i hadnt said such

13、 unkind things to you.（過去）id rather you came here for the answer tomorrow .（將來) 3. 表示“堅持、建議、決定、要求、命令”（“堅決要命”）等主觀意向的動詞之后的賓語從句，謂語用shoulddo，should可省略(注意:被動語態(tài)用should+be+done)。這類詞有:insist，suggest，advise，recommend,propose，decide,determine，demand，request，require，desire，order，command等。例如：the expert proposed

14、 that tv should be turned off at least one hour every day。experiments demand that accurate measurements be made。she insisted that we should take up the matter at the meeting。注意: 1。 suggest 表示“暗示、表明”時,用陳述語氣。 2. insist 表示“堅持說、堅持認為（某個事實）”時，用陳述語氣。例如：your pale face suggests that you are ill.he insisted t

15、hat he hadnt stolen the money。三。 虛擬語氣用在主語從句中it is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等結構的主語從句，謂語動詞用should do,should 可省略。（注意：被動語態(tài)用should+be+done)。it +be可用的詞有三類 thats+（should) dosuggested,ordered，required,proposed,demanded,requested，insisted等（“堅決要命”）important， necessary, natural, strange等a pity, a sh

16、ame, no wonder等例如：it is required that the students should not use mobile phones in their school.its necessary that college students should master at least one foreign language。四虛擬語氣用在同位語從句中。 表示“堅持、建議、決定、要求、命令”(“堅決要命”）等主觀意向的名詞后同位語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達形式為should do，should可以省略（注意：被動語態(tài)用should+be+done)。這類名詞常見的有：ad

17、vice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand,desire，request，requirement，recommendation等.例如：he gave orders that the work (should） be started at once。we are all for your proposal that the discussion （ should ) be put off 五 虛擬語氣用在表語從句中。表示“堅持、建議、決定、要求、命令”(“堅決要命）等主觀意向的的名詞作主語時，表語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達形式為should do,should可

18、省略(注意：被動語態(tài)用should+be+done）這類名詞主要有：advice， suggestion， order， proposal，demand,desire, request， requirement， recommendation等.例如:my suggestion is that the mayor （should） present the prizes。 his plan is that he should pass the exam first.六 虛擬語氣用在定語從句中it is（about/high)timethat sb.did sth/should do sth. （

19、注意：本句型中should不可省略)例如：its about time that we went home.its high time that we should go home。 注:在it/this/that +be+ the first timesecond time that句型中,從句中謂語動詞用完成時態(tài)。例如： this is the first time that i have visited hongkong.that was the third time that he had made the same mistake。 七. 虛擬語氣用在讓步、方式、目的、不用if的條件

20、狀語從句中 1在帶有even if/ even though引導的讓步狀語從句的主從復合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣相同。例如：even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office。 i wouldnt buy it even though i had money. 2.由as if或as though引導的狀語從句表示比較或方式時。從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were）或 “had十過去分詞”。例如： he treated me as if i were a stranger. she

21、talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 3虛擬語氣用在lest（唯恐、免得)，for fear that及in case引導的目的狀語從句中. 在由lest等引導的目的狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表示“以防，以免等意思，其謂語動詞多由“should 動詞原形”構成，should也可省略.例如: he was punished lest he should make the same mistake againhe handled the instrument with care for fear （that) it should be

22、 damaged。take some more money with you in case you should need it。 he can use the car on condition that he should return it tomorrow。 八虛擬語氣用情感語言中 if only sb./sth。 +時態(tài)后退型的謂語。例如:if only you were here now。 if only i had known the result of the examination.九情態(tài)動詞+have done的其他用法1.must have done :肯定/一定做過（某

23、事)。例如：it must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.you must have been mad to speak to such a fool。 his i-phone must have been stolen by someone，he couldt find it anywhere.2.cant/couldnt have done：不可能做過（某事)；一定沒做過(某事）。例如：i didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. she couldnt have atten

24、ded the meeting。he cant have gone abroad，i saw him a moment ago。3.may/might /could have done：可能做過（某事）。例如：he may/could have broken up with his girlfriend。he might have given you help， even though he was busy.4.may/might not have done：可能沒做過（某事）.例如:he may not have seen that film。they may not have known

25、 it beforehand.5.should have done/ought to have done：本來應該做某事(而沒做)。例如：you should have finished your work on time.i ought to have gone home last sunday。6.shouldt have done/oughtt to have done:本不應該做某事（而做了）。例如：you shouldnt have put your book on the bed。he oughtt to have blamed you,its not your fault.7.c

26、ould have done：本來可以做某事(而沒做）。例如:you could have passed the exam,you were too careless。he could have worked in wuhan after graduation,but he decided to work in the remote countryside。8.neednt have done：本來沒必要做某事（而做了）。例如：you neednt have come so early.you neednt have taken my umbrella on such a fine day.9

27、。would have done ：本來會做某事；就已經(jīng)。.。例如：he would have come to help me ，but he was too busy then.if i had taken your advice, i would have made great progress. 高考短文改錯及語法填空分析與訓練虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動詞 考點規(guī)律分析:短文改錯及語法填空對虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞的考查主要涉及情態(tài)動詞的選擇、情態(tài)動詞的否定表達、情態(tài)動詞后面接動詞原形、should+動詞原形構成的虛擬語氣以及時態(tài)后退型的虛擬語氣。 虛擬語氣短文改錯及語法填空真題訓練：1(2016全國，

28、閱讀a)when sandra day oconnor finished third in her class at stanford law school in 1952， she _not find work at a law firm because she was a woman。2(2016全國，短文改錯)we can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.3(2016全國，短文改錯）some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.4(2016北京，

29、31）i love the weekend， because i_get up early on saturdays and sundays。5（2016浙江，17)george _(go) too far .his coffee is still warm.6(2015北京，29）cant you stay a little longer?its getting late。i really _ go now.my daughter is home alone。7（2015浙江，4)it was so noisy that we _ not hear ourselves speak.8(201

30、5重慶,12)you _ be carol。you havent changed a bit after all these years。9（2015陜西，21)you _feel all the training a waste of time，but im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it。10（2015四川，2）you _ be careful with the camera.it costs！11（2015福建，27）sorry， mum! i failed the job interview again

31、。-oh， its too bad.you _ have made full preparations.12（2015天津,7）i _have worried before i came to the new school， for my classmates here are very friendly to me.13(2014北京，27)_ i have a word with you？ it wont take long.14(2014湖南，25）ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.do you mean we_ （not)bri

32、ng anything with us?15(2014江蘇，31）it was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_bring me food。16(2014江西,30)life is unpredictable；even the poorest _become the richest.虛擬語氣短文改錯專項訓練：1。 it is high time that you leave for shanghai.2. she suggests that her brother not goes to college。3。 the judge insisted that the spy was put in prison。4。 how i wish i am as strong as you.5. it is necessary that the patient is sent to hospital right away.6. if he hadnt been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now。 7. if i am you， i would give him a g