不定代詞和It1122

1、不定代詞和 It,英語總復(fù)習(xí),Period I,some any something somebody someone anything anybody anyone everything everybody everyone nothing nobody no one a few few a little little all both neither none,不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞 以下都是不定代詞： some any something somebody someone anything anybody anyone everything everybody every

2、one nothing nobody no one a few few a little little all both neither none one ones onethe other(s) someothers another,不定代詞,不定代詞的用法,some 和 any . 兩者都可以和可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用，但是 常用于 常用于 There is some water in the bottle. There isnt any water in the bottle. Is there any water in the bottle? 注意： 1. Would you like

3、 some tickets? Could I borrow some dictionaries? 如果在提問時期待對方的肯定問答，或鼓勵別人說yes時，用some而不用any.,some,肯定句，,any,否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句。,2. any 用于肯定句中有 “任何一個” 解。常用于比較級句 子中。 Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class. Tom runs faster than any of the other boys in his class. Tom runs faster than any girl in his cl

4、ass. 3. some, any, every, no 可以與 body, thing, one 構(gòu)成合成代詞，這些代詞都作單數(shù)看待，表示人或物： Something is wrong with my bike. Someone is asking to see you. Nobody is absent. If you want anything, call me.,一、構(gòu)成： 由分別加上 構(gòu)成的不定代詞叫復(fù)合不定代詞。,二、用法： 1、復(fù)合不定代詞在句中可以作主語、賓語或表語等。 例如： _ will listen to him. 沒人會聽他的。 He wants _ to eat. 他

5、想吃點(diǎn)東西。 Did you feel _ different? 你沒覺得什么不同？,Nobody,something,anything,some,any,no,every,-body,-thing,-one,復(fù)合不定代詞,nothing,3、用人稱代詞替代復(fù)合不定代詞時，指物用it,指人用he,him。例如： Something is wrong with your car, isnt _? 你的車有點(diǎn)問題，是嗎？ Everyone tries _ best to finish the work in time. 每個人都盡自己最大的努力按時完成這項工作。,his,2、復(fù)合不定代詞作主語,謂

6、語動詞要用單數(shù)。例如： Has _ seen my pen? 有人看見我的鋼筆嗎？ There is _ wrong with the TV set. 這臺電視機(jī)沒問題。,anybody,it,4、some-復(fù)合不定代詞通常用于肯定句中；-any復(fù)合不定代詞多 用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。例如： _ called on her last week. 上周有人拜訪她。 There isnt _ else there. 那里沒有別人。 Is _ over there? 有人在那邊嗎？ If there is _ difficult, please tell me. 如果有什么困難，請告訴我

7、。,Someone,anyone,anybody,anything,、形容詞修飾不定代詞時，通常放在不定代詞之后。例 如： Theres _ with your eyes. 你的眼睛有問題。,something wrong,6、every-復(fù)合代詞與not 連用，表示部分否定；而any-復(fù) 合不定代詞與not 連用，表示完全否定。例如： Not _ likes watching TV. 并非人人都喜歡看電視。 I didnt meet _ on the way.(= I met _ on the way.) 路上我沒有遇到任何人。,everyone,anybody,nobody,anyone/

8、any one；no one/none； 1anyone 和 any one anyone僅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。 2no one 和nonea) none 既可指人又可指物,而no one只單獨(dú)使用,只指人。b) none 作主語,謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可,而no one作主語,謂語動詞只能是單數(shù)。,_ of them know/knows about the plan.,None,_has been to Japan in our class.,No one,Is there anything in the box?,None,指人,指人,指物,注意：all與none用法一樣

9、。跟不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 All of the students are there.所有的學(xué)生都在那。 All (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。,little, a little, few, a few,1. little 與 a little 兩者都用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little 作 “很少”， “幾乎沒有” 解，有否定的意思，a little 作 “少許”、“有一點(diǎn)” 解，有肯定的意思，例如： In this way ,they can make the trip with just a little mon

10、ey. 用這種方法他們只花很少的錢就能旅行。 There is little left, is there? 沒剩多少了，是嗎？ 2. few, a few 用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，前者表示否定，后者表示肯定。 A few of us speak English well. 我們中有幾個人英語講得很好。 There were few eggs is the fridge, so he went to the supermarket and bought some. 冰箱里幾乎沒雞蛋了，所以他去超市買了一些。,3. few 作主語時，謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù) 例如： Few of them know this

11、, do they? 4. 常用詞組有 quite a few (好幾個)，only a few (只有一個)， very few (極少數(shù)) very little (極少數(shù))例如： He has studied Chinese for quite a few years. 他學(xué)漢語已有好幾年了。,小練習(xí),1.Its so cold today, _people are in the streets. 2.Hurry up! There is _time for us. 3.Only _students can understand what he said. 4.There are _ a

12、pples left, well buy some.,few,little,a few,few,both和all both表示兩者的肯定，all表示三個或三個以上 的肯定 ，謂語都用復(fù)數(shù)。 All are wrong. We are both teachers. They all are farmers.,兩個都不在家。,我們兩個都是教師。,他們都是農(nóng)民。,全都錯了。,Both are not at home.,both, either, neither,both為“兩者都”，neither為“兩者都不”，either為“兩者之一”。這三個單詞都用于指兩個人或物，在句中可作主語、賓語和定語。

13、作主語： 1) Both (of them) enjoyed rice. 他們兩人喜歡吃米飯。 2) Neither (of us) is a doctor. 我們倆都不是醫(yī)生。 3) Either (of you) will go. 隨你們哪個去都可以。 注意：作主語時，both后面的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。neither, either后面 的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。,作定語： 1) Both Zhang Huas father and mother work in a hospital, but neither of them is a doctor. 張華的父母親在一所醫(yī)院工作，但都不是醫(yī)生。

14、 2) You may take either apple. 兩個蘋果任你拿一個。,作賓語： 1) I like both of the toys very much. 我非常喜歡這兩件玩具。 2) The boy could find neither of them and went away. 這男孩找不到 他們倆就走開了。 3) There are two apples here, you may take either of them. 這里有兩個蘋果，你可以拿任一個。,both 還可作同位語，它們句中的位置是在動詞be，助動詞或情態(tài)動詞的后面，但在實義動詞前面。 1) They ar

15、e both in good health. 他們兩人身體都很好。 2) They will both go there. 他們兩人都收到那兒去。 3) They both agreed to take part in the birthday party. 他們兩人都答應(yīng)參加生日晚會。,此外，either 可作副詞用于否定句，表示 “也”，相當(dāng)于肯定句中的 “too”。 This is not mine. That is not, either. 這不是我的，那也不是。 neither 表示“也不”的時候，常用在倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)形式中： I dont like to play football.

16、Neither does he. 我不喜歡踢足球，他也不喜歡。 She hasnt got a bike. Neither have I. 他沒自行車，我也沒有。,注意: bothand,表示“兩個都”，連接主語時謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù)。eitheror, “不是就是”；“或或”, neithernor，“既不也不”；“都不” 連接兩個并列主語時謂語動詞的數(shù)一般應(yīng)與靠近謂語動詞的主語保持一致，如： 1) Both Zhang and Wang are good students. 張、王都是好學(xué)生。 2) Either you or he is right. 不是你就是他對的。 3) Neither

17、he nor I am a scientist. 他和我都不是科學(xué)家。,Neither of us is a worker. None of them are/is good at cooking,neither和 none 1. neither/none of + 人稱代詞（賓格） 2. neither of 兩者都不,謂語用單數(shù) 3. none用于三者或三者以上的否定；謂語單復(fù) 數(shù)均可,Period II,one ones onethe other(s) someothers another it,one, another, the other,1. one常用來作代詞,替代前文所出現(xiàn)的可

18、數(shù)名詞單數(shù),表示人或物,以避免重復(fù)。例如： I havent got a ball pen. Ill have to buy one. (= a ball pen) 我沒圓珠筆，我得去買一支。 Which one do you like? The big one. 你喜歡哪一個? 大的一個。 2. the other, another都可解釋為 “另一個”。other加上定冠詞用于兩者中的另一個，another 指三者以上中的另一個。例如： He has two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher. Weve received t

19、wo parcels, one from my uncle and the other from my aunt. I dont like this one, show me another, please. Ive just bought three things. One is a walkman, another is a pocket calculator, the third is a video game.,3. theotherothersthe others theother： 1)特指兩個中的另一個與one搭配構(gòu)成“one，the other”句型。 Hehastwosons

20、Oneisaworkertheotherisadoctor 2)修飾名詞，特指另一個、另一些 Tomlikesswimmingandtheotherboysinhisclasslike swimming，too Others相當(dāng)于other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，泛指其他的人或物，常與some搭 配構(gòu)成“some, others”句型。others 可單獨(dú)作主語或賓語。 如：Heoftenhelpsothers Some like playingbasketball，others likeplayingfootball theothers特指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部人或物 Therearefiftystu

21、dentsinour classTwentyofthemaregirls， theothers areboys。,one表示“一個”，可代替前面提到過的人或物的單數(shù) 形式。 ones可代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 Which dress do you like? The one with the white belt. These shoes are too small, let me try the ones without lace on.,one ones,1.it作人稱代詞 it的最基本用法是作人稱代詞，主要指剛提到的事物，以避免重復(fù): Ningbo is a beautiful city,

22、isnt it? 也可以指動物或嬰兒(未知性別的嬰兒或孩子): Is this your dog？No, it isnt. 也可指抽象事物: It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that 2.非人稱代詞it it有時并不指具體的東西，而泛指自然現(xiàn)象、時間、距離等，稱為非人稱代詞it： 指天氣： It is a lovely day, isnt it?It is a bit windy.,It的用法,指時間: It was nearly midnight when she came back. 指距離： It is hal

23、f an hours walk to the city centre. 3. It is + adj. . 該句型中it 是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的部分。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. It is possible for him to win the first prize. =To win the first prize is possible for him.,4. It作形式賓語,I found it

24、 difficult for her to answer this question,5.It和one It用以指特定的前面提到過的事物，即：it和它替換的是同一個事物，it前無修飾語；而one用于替換與前提事物有共同之處但并不完全一樣的事物，因此，one之前或之后可能有修飾語來加以區(qū)別。 I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using_ now. I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new _soon.,it,one,1._ of th

25、e teachers are kind in our school. A.Every B. Each C.Either D All 2.If you need _money, Ill lend you _. A.one,one B.any，some C.some，any D.any，any 3.He has_ to tell us. A.something important B.important something C.anything useful D. useful nothing 4.Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? _is O

26、K. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 5. Oh, there is someone in the room. _must be my teacher. A. There B. She C. This D. It,Exercise:,6.Neither I nor he_ from USA. A.be B. are C.am D.is 7.Everyone can have a piece of bread,_? A.can,every one B.cant they C.cant it D. c

27、ant she 8.Why dont you get_to read while you are on holiday? A.anything B.everything C.something D.nothing 9.Li Lei is taller than_ in his class. A.anybody B.anybody else C.else anyone D.somebody else 10.Therere more than twenty students in our school, but _of them are from France. A. none B. all C.

28、 neither D. both.,11. _ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret. A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None 12.We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us. A. all ; no B. any ; no C. none ; any D. no one ; any 13.There are trees on _ side of the street. A. every B. all C.

29、 either D. both 14.There is a desk on _ side of the room. A. both B. either C. all D. every 15. Which side can I sit on the boat? If you sit still, you can sit on _. A. every side B. all sides C. both sides D. either side 16.It is said that _ of his parents have gone to Beijing. A. all B. every C. b

30、oth D. either,17.Some students are absent-minded, _ of them heard what the teacher said. A. all B. none C. every D. not all 18. Is _ here? No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 19.They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest. A. any

31、B. some C. none D. neither 20. Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? Im afraid _ day is possible. A. either B. neither C. some D. any 21. If you want to change for a double room, youll have to pay _ 5. A. another B. other C. more D. each,22. Which of the two books do you want? I want _. Please show me

32、_. A. none ; another B. all ; the other C. neither ; the other D. neither ; another 23._ side of the street is lined with different shops, _ of which sell electronic products. A. Both ; both B. Either ; all C. Neither ; either D. Either ; both 24. Do you need anything else? Yes, we still need _ airc

33、rafts. A. more two B. another two C. other two pieces of D. two other pieces of 25.I had no idea which was better, so I took _ of them. A. any B. every C. none D. both 26. The examination was easy, wasnt it? Yes, but I dont think _ could pass it. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody,27.Is t

34、here anyone who can do the job? . A. None B. No one C. Not one D. Not many ones 28.I wanted some water, but there was in the bottle.A. none B. no C. any D. nothing 29.Tom and Mary have arrived, but students in your class arent here yet.A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 30.Do September an

35、d April have thirty days ? A. every B. neither C. each D. all 31. of us is active in English class.A. Every B. Every one C. Everyone D. Anybody 32.We have English classes day, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.A. each other B. every other C. this and other D. all other,33. The room was empty, but Tom

36、felt that was watching him. A. anybody B. nobody C. somebody D. everybody 34. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with . A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 34. On side of the road there are a lot of trees. A. all B. both C. either D. neither 35. Were very busy because

37、 we have so books to read and so_ work to do every day. A. a lot, much B. many, much C. many, a lot D. much, many 36. I usually have eggs and milk for breakfast. A. a few, a few B. a little, a little C. a little, a few D. a few, a little 38. Are your parents interested in Chinese food? A. every B. b

38、oth C. all D. each 39. Dont worry. There is still time left. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few,40. We should do to stop sandstorms from happening again and again. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. some thing 41. Li Lei often talks but does . So everybody says he is a good boy. A. less, more B. few, much C. more, little D. little, many 42. I have three caps. One is red, are black. A. another B. other C. the other D. the others 43. He is a lonely old man. He has friends. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 44. “Would you like some