中考英語常見題型及解題技巧：D+補全對話

1、精品好資料學(xué)習(xí)推薦中考英語補全對話的答題技巧補全對話又稱為情景對話。主要是考查學(xué)生的口語能力和對英語的應(yīng)對習(xí)慣。下面我從以下幾個方面談?wù)勊拿}趨勢和解題技巧。一、補全對話常見的題型有:1.填單詞補全對話;2.寫句子補全對話;3.選句子補全對話;4.選單詞補全對話;5.對話排序。本市以前多采用第3種“選擇式”的客觀題型。但近幾年多采用第一，二種“非選擇式”的主觀題型，來考查學(xué)生靈活運用英語語言的能力。因此,本文著重介紹這類題型的具體做法。二、補全對話的解題要求1.熟讀背誦考生應(yīng)熟讀背誦初中英語教材中出現(xiàn)過的日常交際用語,如:問候、介紹、問路、看病、購物、就餐、祝愿、打電話、談天氣等情境中的固定

2、句式和習(xí)慣表達方式。只有這樣,做題時才能得心應(yīng)手。2. 掌握各交際項目的習(xí)慣用法。平時牢固掌握初中英語教材中出現(xiàn)的30個交流項目以及它們各自特定的習(xí)慣表達方式和慣用句型，答題時就能迅速地回憶起與對話內(nèi)容有關(guān)的日常交際用語及習(xí)慣表達法，并且靈活地進行運用，才能保證所使用的語言符合英語在情景交流中的表達習(xí)慣。3. 答題時要面向整體內(nèi)容，切忌片面理解。答題時，跳過空行，快速把全篇對話通讀一篇，了解對話的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，把握對話的內(nèi)容及語境。語境決定了語言的表達方式、雙方說話人的態(tài)度以及表達的內(nèi)容。如在餐館、圖書館、車站、商店等不同的地點，都有各自的語言表達方式。因而，在做題時，應(yīng)在理解全篇對話內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上

3、，準確地把握語言環(huán)境，把自己“置身”于語境之中， 理解雙方談話的意圖。4. 抓好關(guān)鍵詞，進行推斷，使填詞后組成的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整、合理?？疾榈男问绞茄a全對上句問題的回答或者是補全對下句所要回答問題的提問。因此一定要注意前后照應(yīng)，關(guān)注上下文之間的密切關(guān)系。做題時，可以根據(jù)上句的信息推斷下句的信息，通過下句的信息推斷上句的信息，即：要填前面的空行，看后句的信息，要填后面的空行，看前句的含義。如在打電話時，上句問 “Whos that speaking?” 那么下句所選的就應(yīng)是 “This is” 。如在餐館，下句的內(nèi)容是 “A bottle of beer, please.”那么上句就應(yīng)該是 “Wha

4、t can I do for you?”或 “Can I help you?” 這樣前后對照，才能使上下文相適應(yīng)。5. 注意對話的表達要符合英美人的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。不同的國家有不同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、生活習(xí)慣等等。在語言交際中也有各種不同的差異。在交際語言的選用中 ，由于受到各自的文化背景的影響，表達的方式也就不同。因而，在補全對話過程中，所選的句子要符合英美 人的習(xí)慣。凡有像 “Have you eaten?”； “What do you want to buy?” 這類句子在對話中都應(yīng)避免使用。6. 正確書寫，從容答題。答題時應(yīng)注意單詞的正確拼寫及大小寫的正確運用，書寫應(yīng)工整、規(guī)范。三、補全對話答題步驟

5、： （1）通覽全文、領(lǐng)會大意、揣摩話題。解題時應(yīng)先跳過空格通覽全文，了解對話大意，根據(jù)對大意的把握，判定語境，揣摩話題。 （2） 根據(jù)語境、填寫單詞或句子。在把握話題和語境的基礎(chǔ)上，針對對話的每一空白處，細讀所提供的前后文，認真分析它們之間的異同，依據(jù)對話有關(guān)情景內(nèi)容，填寫相應(yīng)的單詞或者句子。 （3）通盤考慮、前后聯(lián)想、先易后難。要從對話整體理解出發(fā)，依照上、下問答的邏輯順序來考慮所選擇的答案，不可不顧前后順序，孤立地就上句就補下句，這樣可能出現(xiàn)所補句子符合上文而不符合下文的情況。要先解決有把握的、容易的，再回頭補選較難的。 （4）通讀對話、義形結(jié)合、驗證答案。將對話補全之后，再將整段對話通讀

6、一遍，逐一驗證答案。所填的答案不僅語義上要符合語境，而且要保證語言正確，做到說話得體。四、注意事項 （1）所補全的對話內(nèi)容必須能使上、下文連貫一致，因而必須瞻前顧后、全盤考慮，不能僅看上一個問句就填寫下一個答句，或僅根據(jù)下文中的答句就補全它的問句，否則容易造成邏輯錯誤。 （2）做題前應(yīng)注意試題前面有否中文或英語的背景提示。這些背景提示是確是話題內(nèi)容的重要依據(jù)，不可疏忽帶過。 （3）如果是選擇題，則在選擇過程中考生應(yīng)注意把已選出的選項劃去，避免重復(fù)選擇的錯誤。 （4）做題時要先易后難，一時難以確定不要勉強先做，否則易造成連鎖錯誤。例題分析：（一）請仔細閱讀下列對話，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，完成該對話。A

7、: Hello! 1._ ?B: Sorry, 2._.This is Allans mother speaking. 3. _?A: This is Mary. Good evening, Mrs. Black.B: Good evening, Mary. 4._?A: Yes, of course. Please tell Allan that all the dictionaries are sold out. But I can lend her one.B: OK.A: Thanks a lot. Good-bye!B: 5._.答案解析：1. 根據(jù)下文我們知道這是一個電話用語的對話

8、，所以我們就填出了相應(yīng)答案May I speak to Allan。2. 根據(jù)后文“This is Allans mother speaking.” 我們填出：She isnt in / She isnt at home.3. 根據(jù)“This is Mary”，我們填出：Whos that4. 根據(jù)“Yes, of course. Please tell Allan that all the dictionaries are sold out. But I can lend her one” 我們填出：Can I take a message for you5. Goodbye（二）根據(jù)對話內(nèi)

9、容，從下面?zhèn)溥x框中選擇相應(yīng)選項填入對話中，使對話完成，流暢。A: Excuse me, sir? Where is the nearest hotel?B: 1. _. You may ask that policeman over there.A: Thank you all the same. (The man goes to the policeman.)A: Excuse me, 2._?C: No, there isnt a hotel near here, but there is one near the Bank of China.A: 3. _?C: Its about tw

10、o kilometers away.A: 4. _?C: Youd better take a taxi, because its so late and there arent any buses now.A: 5. _.C: Youre welcome.備選答案：A: Im sorry I dont knowB: Is there a hotel near hereC: How far is itD: How can I get thereE: Thank you答案解析：1. A. 根據(jù)后文“You may ask that policeman over there”得知，說話者也不知道

11、哪里有旅館。2. B. 根據(jù)后文的回答，得知前面問的是附近哪里有旅館。3. C. 根據(jù)后文回答的距離而知，前面問的是有多遠。4. D. 根據(jù)后文得知，前面問的是去旅館的方式。5. E. 根據(jù)“Youre welcome.”而知，前面在表達感謝。實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)（1）A: Hello. Could I speak to John?B: 1._.A: Oh! Hi, John. This is Cindy. We met at Jims party.B: How are you, Cindy? A: Great. Would you like to see Titanic on Thursday nigh

12、t? B: 2. _, Cindy, I have to work late this Thursday.A: Thats too bad. 3._?B: Im free on Saturday nightA: OK. How about meeting at about seven?B: No problem. 4._?A: At the Garden Cinema. 5. _.B: See you then.1. This is John2. Im sorry3. Are you free on Saturday night4. Where shall we meet5. See you

13、then(2)A: Hello! May I speak to Lily?B: 1._.C: Hello! 2._.A: Hi, Lily. This is Ann. Would you like to go to the park with me tonight?C: Great! 3._?A: At the gate of our school.C: 4._?A: How about six oclock.C: OK! 5._?A: See you then.1. Hold on , please2. This is Lily3. Where shall we meet4. When sh

14、all we meet5. See you then(3)Fred: Hello! May I speak to Alice, please?Kate: 1._. Alice, its for you.Alice: Hello.Fred: Hi, Alice. 2._. Would you like to go to my uncles farm tomorrow?Alice: 3._.Fred: Good. Ill pick you up at about seven oclock.Alice: Fine. Ill be ready.Fred: Great! Im sure well hav

15、e a good time on the farm.Alice: 4._. See you tomorrow.Fred: 5._.1. Hold on, please2. This is Fred3. Yes ,Id love to .4. I think so5. See you tomorrow（4）A: Excuse me. 1._?B: Sorry, Im new here. You can ask my friend. He may know.C: The Childrens Hospital? Er Its a little far from here.A: 2. _?C: Its

16、 about 5 kilometres away.A: 3. _?C: Yes, the No. 15 bus will take you there.A: Where is the bus stop?C: 4. _ and take the first turning on the right. You can see it on your left. You cant miss it.A: 5. _.C: You are welcome. 1. Which is the way to the Childrens Hospital2. How far is it3. Can I take a

17、 bus4. Go along this road5. Thank you (5) (At Mr. Whites office in a middle school)A: Hello! 1. _?B: Speaking, please.A: Im Peters mother. Id like to ask for leave for my son.B: 2. _?A: He didnt feel well this morning. He has a cold.B: 3. _. Is it serious?A: Not very serious. But the doctor asked hi

18、m to stay in bed and have a good rest.B: Dont worry. 4. _.A: Thank you, sir. GoodbyeB: Bye!1. Can I speak to Mr. White2. Whats wrong with him3. Im sorry to hear that4. I hope he will be all right soon (6)A: Good morning, sir. 1. _?B: Id like to buy a white shirt. Do you have any white shirts?A: Yes.

19、 2. _?B: I want Size M.A: Here you are.B: Can I try it on?A: Sure. Is it all right?B: Yes. I like it very much. 3. _?A: 296 yuan.B: Thats a bit expensive. Do you have any other kind? I want a cheaper one.A: What about this one? It is only 108 yuan.B: OK. 4. _. Here is the money.A: 5. _.Goodbye, sir.1. Can I help you 2. What size do you want3. How much is it4. Ill take it5. Here you are（7）Doctor: Good morning . Whats your trouble?Woman: I dont feel very well.D:1._?W: Yes, I have. My temperature is a littl