考博英語范文35篇

1、考博英語范文35篇博士生入學(xué)英語考試協(xié)作部分試題說明根據(jù)教育部1992年頒布的研究生英語教學(xué)大綱（以下簡稱大綱大綱的要求：“非英語專業(yè)博士研究生英語入學(xué)水平原則上應(yīng)達到或高于碩士生的通過水平?！贝缶V中對碩士生的寫作要求是“掌握基本寫作技能（如文章結(jié)構(gòu)、段落展開和起承轉(zhuǎn)合等），能按具體要求，在一小時內(nèi)寫出250詞左右的短文，正確表達思想，語意連貫，無重大語言錯誤?！薄⒌谝徊糠?寫作文的要求，評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及考試中普遍存在的問題 一 考試要求 1文章內(nèi)容切題。審題準(zhǔn)確,不跑題。2表達清楚。語言簡潔、準(zhǔn)確、說理清楚,讀者能從作文內(nèi)容清楚理解作者寫作意圖。3意義連貫。 文字連貫、層次分明、意義表達完整。要使

2、文章意義連貫必須具有一定的技能，包括較強的語感，遣詞造句能力和文章謀篇布局的組織能力； 4語言規(guī)范。符合英語表達的習(xí)慣、語法錯誤較少、語言基本功扎實，最終避免中式英語。二 作文的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及樣卷介紹 14 分: 內(nèi)容符合要求, 包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中的全部內(nèi)容;語言流暢;層次分明,句式有變化。詞匯豐富,句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞準(zhǔn)確,文章長度符合要求。 11分：內(nèi)容符合要求，包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中的全部內(nèi)容；文字連貫，句式有一定變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無重大錯誤，文章長度符合要求。 8分：內(nèi)容符合要求，包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中多數(shù)內(nèi)容；基本清楚表達的主題的內(nèi)涵；句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞有少量錯誤，個別是大錯。文章長度符合要求。 5 分

3、： 內(nèi)容基本切題，基本表達了標(biāo)題或提綱中的內(nèi)容；文字連貫，語言可以理解，但有較多的結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯誤，且大錯較多。文章長度基本符合要求。 2 分： 基本切題，但語句支離破碎，只有少數(shù)句子可以理解。 0 分： 文不切題。只將預(yù)先背誦的某篇文章默寫下來，或語句混亂，無法理解。附：14 分樣卷Topic： With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face th

4、is new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate(postgraduate) education system. State your opinion aobut this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.With Chinas entry into WTO, she is facing a lot of chances and challenges in many aspect

5、s. As far as talents are concerned, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, especially for higher-level talents. In order to adapt this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate education system. In my opinion, we must make some

6、reform and adjustment in graduate education system in many aspects as follows. First of all, from the view of the government, it must adjust its policy of using talents, especially higher-level talents. For example, it may provide many privileges for them.Secondly, for the viewpoint of the universit

7、ies, they should adjust their constructure of curriculum. They should pay more attention to the cultivation of graduates capability. They should take effective measures to direct their educational goal from exam-oriented education to education for all-round development. Finally, as far as personnel

8、is concerned, a student should pay more attention to the learning of all kinds of knowledge to meet the needs of society. In a word, it is high time that we reformed the graduate education system. If we do not make some changes in the graduate education system, we may be failure in the international

9、 competition. So we must reform our graduate education system. (219 words)點評： 該文緊扣主題，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，內(nèi)容充實，語言流暢，句式變化多樣。雖有個別小錯，但英語表達能力較強，長度符合要求。萬能框架As is implied in the table (or cartoon) and well known to all of us, Take in the table(cartoon) for example, its for the to But whenOn the other hand, there do exist

10、 some that They are making all possible means to and trying their best to Compared with what those , Its a pity that And whats more, with the deepening and furthering of our countrys opening and reforming, more are allowed to With China entering the WTO, are also permitted to If still blind to this,

11、 the is sure to So, its urgent and essential for to analyze more rationally and macroscopically.It must keep in mind that should never be unheard.Although the condition is unsatisfactory now, with the awareness of the in the table (or cartoon) and all the society efforts, improvement and an even bri

12、ghter future are not only possible but also inevitable. 三 歷年考試中存在的典型問題分析1 不會審題，偏離主題。2 漢語思維，逐字翻譯。常見考生用漢語構(gòu)思文章，同時將漢語句子硬譯成英語。3 用詞搭配不當(dāng)。4 詞匯量小，表達困難，拼寫錯誤。5 句法邏輯關(guān)系混亂。例如：Our English class often told stories.正確的應(yīng)是:Stories are often told on our English class. 6不會用關(guān)聯(lián)詞轉(zhuǎn)承上下句和段落。關(guān)聯(lián)詞即過渡詞，使用過渡詞，可使上下句子和段落合理銜接，承上啟下，使表

13、達合乎邏輯，常見過渡詞如as far as, however, well, though, in spite of 。7 語法錯誤。 主要表現(xiàn)為：（1） 分不清及物與不及物動詞，例如：rise， raise； hear, listen（2） 被動語態(tài)和主動語態(tài)的誤用,例如: interesting和 interested（3） 詞類混淆,將動詞或形容詞誤用作名詞,將名詞或動詞誤用作形容詞,例如:benefit 和beneficial; difficult和 difficulty; pleasure 和pleased等。（4） 混淆可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，例如： help，practice等。（5

14、） 冠詞、情態(tài)動詞、介詞、代詞等方面的錯誤，例如： a English book, should did, must done 等。四如何寫出漂亮的文章 文章要內(nèi)容切題，表達清楚，意思連貫，語言比較規(guī)范。這就要求考生在寫作時，把握如下方面：1 統(tǒng)一性（Unity）內(nèi)容切題，實際上就是要求文章統(tǒng)一性。所謂統(tǒng)一性，就是指短文必須圍繞著主題擴展，不能多中心。統(tǒng)一性表現(xiàn)在句子、段落和篇章三個層次上。我們寫漢語文章的要求是首先不能跑題，實際上就是對統(tǒng)一性的要求。2 連貫性 (Coherence)指句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間的銜接要自然通暢，主要體現(xiàn)在文章的邏輯發(fā)展順序和過渡詞語的運用上。1） 邏輯順

15、序按照時間先后，或空間位置的相互關(guān)系，我們可以寫出眉目清晰、符合邏輯的段落或文章。敘述文體多采用時間順序，描寫文體中空間順序更常見。高潮形成系指按照其重要性或嚴(yán)重性安排各個發(fā)展點（指段落）或發(fā)展段（指文章）的順序，這種語篇發(fā)展方法在描寫、敘述、說明和議論文中均常出現(xiàn)。英語語篇的邏輯順序安排一般是先談最次要的內(nèi)容，繼而談較為重要的內(nèi)容，最后再談最重要的內(nèi)容，從而形成文章高潮。2） 過渡詞語的運用 語篇的外在連貫手段有時，單靠邏輯上的連貫對英語語篇來說是很不夠的，因而過渡詞語的運用必不可少。漢語的連貫屬于“意合”，英語的連貫屬“形合”，而借助過渡詞語取得語篇的連貫是形合法最突出的特點。所以，在英語

16、文章內(nèi)，諸如等過渡詞語特別多。它們的運用挑明了句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間的關(guān)系，使文章更加顯得連貫。由于受漢語“意合”的影響，中國學(xué)生常忽略過渡詞語的運用。所以中國學(xué)生在進行英語寫作時必須對此給以足夠的重視。、3 語言規(guī)范語言的規(guī)范涉及面廣。小至遣詞造句，大到語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，無不體現(xiàn)語言使用的質(zhì)量。根據(jù)近年博士生入學(xué)英語考試的作文試卷統(tǒng)計，許多考生未熟練掌握造句技能甚至不能保證單詞拼寫正確、句子無重大語法錯誤。因此要多讀多看英語報刊和原著，從中學(xué)習(xí)語言用法，沒有仔細閱讀過、理解過的東西千萬不要在作文中使用，切忌中國式英語。、 第二部分 35 篇范文 1. Television Program a

17、nd Their Effect on children Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as

18、 beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular childrens programs develop the childs interest in school-type learning by stressing n

19、umbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category. On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials, especially t

20、hose sponsoring the childrens programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a childs mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possib ly harden

21、the child to violence. Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A childs viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs.2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities With the development of modern industryu, more and more p

22、eople are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious. People have offered many solutions to this problem. I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical. The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be appe

23、aling to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc. in the overcrowded city. With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining. The housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved.3. “The younger generaton knows best” Old people are always say

24、ing that the young are not what they were. The same comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than ti is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so depe

25、ndent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one preceded it. Today the differe

26、nce is very marked indeed.The old always assume thaty they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They dont like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their

27、elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldnt people work best if they were given

28、complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? W

29、ho said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their problems? Why are they so un

30、happy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat race? Havent the old lost touch with all that is important in life?There are not questions the older generation can shrug off

31、 lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasnt been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guilance. Today, the situation might reversed. The oldif they are prepared to admit it could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lesso

32、ns they could learn is that enjoyment is not “sinful”. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. T

33、his emphasis on the present is only to be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it ? 4.

34、 Public Transportation As part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China. I can illustrate some examples.There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways. Commuters find it hard to get to work on time due t

35、o overcrowded buses or tubes. Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home. And t

36、ravelers need special arrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy. To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or

37、 trains to the original lines. But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public. There are three sources for fund raising. One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale. The third is to r

38、aise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable. T

39、he third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held. In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated.

40、So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.5. Human Education The other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. In his

41、 lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education. With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese

42、 people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in todays society. I

43、t has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane

44、education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the dross and selecting the es

45、sence”. The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in peoples mind, and will help push

46、forward the growth of economy. To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.6. Criticism on Television A lot of people believe that televis

47、ion has a harmful effect on chldren. A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenagers crimes. For people in the modern worlds share t

48、he views of parents a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence. The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens child

49、ren. The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important. A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, they en

50、counter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a childs paprents should be in real life. There is an adult character who is a coward and liar, but both the children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily. In my view,

51、children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs. When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any

52、 situation.7. The ony thing people are interesed in today is earing more money Once upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man. They were very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married. The young peoples parents shook their heads. “You cant get m

53、arried yet.” They said. Wait till you get a good job with good prospects. So the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married. They were still poor, of course, they didnt have a house to live in or any furniture, but that didt matter. They youn

54、g man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, all the latest electrical appliances and a car. The couple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lves. And so ends another modern romantic fable.We

55、live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earlist years to be acquistive. Our possessions, yours and mine are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surpise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. We

56、spend the whole of ourlives keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses. If we buy a new television set , Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself. The most amusing thing

57、 about this game is that Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc. It is not only affluent societies that people are obsessed w

58、ith the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept turning. Built-in obsolescence provides the means; goods are made to be discarded. Cars get tinnier and tinnier. You no sooner acquire this years model than you are thinking about its replacement. This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and