高考英語專題講解介詞

1、介詞復習介詞又叫前置詞，是種虛詞。介詞分為三種，一種是簡單介詞，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一種是短語介詞，即由兩個以上的詞組組成的短語，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；還有一種叫二重介詞，如until after, from behind等一）介詞的句法功能介詞不能獨立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當一個成份，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。1作定語：the book on the table is mine. 2作狀語：we have bre

2、akfast at seven.（表時間）they were late for meeting because of the rain.（表原因）；they started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）3作表語：my dictionary is in the bag. healthisabovewealth.有些介詞(如becauseof)引出的短語通常只用作狀語，不用作表語： 誤：hisabsenceisbecauseoftherain. 正：hisabsenceisduetotherain.他因雨未來。 但若主語是代詞(不是名詞)，bec

3、auseof引出的短語可用作表語： itisbecauseofhardwork.4作賓語補足語i found him in the office. herillnesskeptherinbedforaweek.用作賓語補足語的介詞短語在相應的被動語態(tài)中則為主語補足語： hewasregardedasahero.他被看成是英雄。 5.用作賓語 amansteppedoutfrombehindthewall.hecannotspareanytimeexceptonsunday.除星期日外他抽不出時間。 6.用作主語 between6and7suitsme.六點到七點對我比較適合。 介詞短語通常不作

4、主語，盡管有時也像上面這樣作主語，但通?？梢暈樵谝欢ㄉ舷挛闹杏兴÷裕?“whenarewegoingtohavethenextmeeting?”“ontuesdaymaybeconvenient.” ontuesday雖作主語，但可視為其前省略meeting： meetingduringthevacationmaybeconvenient.練習1. the teacher is writing _ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing _ink in exercise books. a. with,

5、 in b. in, with c. in, in d. with, with2. the worker can make chairs _ wood, and also can make paper _wood. a. from, of b. of, from c. of. of d. from, from3. mary dropped in _mr smith, but he wasn t at home, so she went to drop in _ mr smiths office.a. on, on b. at, at c. on. at d. at. on4. the teac

6、her is not only strict _ his pupils but also strict _ his own work. a. with, with b.in,inc. in, withd. with, in5. his grandfather died _ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grand-mother died _ hungry and cold.a.from,of b.of,fromc.from,from d.of.of6. if you run _ two hares yo

7、u will catch neither.a.into b.afterc.offd.out of7. this is a common mistake _ students. a. between b.over c. among d. about8. my father began to work _ a bus driver when he was twenty years old. a.for b.toc.atd.as9. _ hearing the news, i was wild _ joy. a. at, in b. on, with c. after, by d. /, over1

8、0.i don t think xiao li is _ the other students _ mathematics.a. after, on b. after, withc. behind, ind. behind, at二）主要介詞區(qū)別1、表示時間的at, in, onat表示片刻的時間：at 8 oclock ，at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at christmas, at new yearin表示一段的時間：in th

9、e morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in october, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the futureon總是跟日子有關(guān)，on monday, on christmas morning, on the following, on may day, on a warm morning等2、表示時間的since和fromsince表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的過程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。from表示從時間的某一點開始，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時連用。如：i hope to d

10、o morning exercises from today./ we have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示時間的in和after：兩者都表示“在（某個時間）之后區(qū)別在于in表示“在（一段時間）之后”， in短語和將來時態(tài)連用而after則表示“在（某一具體時間點之后）”，after短語和過去時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)連用well be back in three days./ after seven the rain began to fall./ what shall we do after graduation?注意：after有時也可表示在一段時間之后（

11、常用在過去時里） after two months he returned.4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。changchun is in the northeast of china.mongolia is on the north of china.japan is to the east of china.11. nobody knows it _ me.a. except for b. except that c. besides d. but12. the window is never opened _ in sum

12、mer. a. but b. exceptc. except ford. but for13. it happened _ the long march.a. during b.in c.at d.for14. we go to school _ a bike. a.in b.on c.by d.ove15. its very kind_ you to repair the bike _ me.a.for.for b.of,ofc.of,ford.for,of16. fresh air is good _ your health.a.at b.for c.of d.to17.the boy i

13、s waiting _ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait _ their sick mother. a.for,on b.on,forc.for,ford.on.on18.the group is made up_five students. and they are studying hard to make up_ the lost time. a.of,of b.for,forc.of,ford.for,of19.the pla man saved the boy _ death.a. of b.from c.to d

14、.on20. he will come _ three days.a.before b.after c. in d. later21. he went to beijing and returned _ three days.a. in b. beforec. laterd. after22. he will return_ three oclock.a.after b.in c.on d.at23. he wrote the article _ three days.a.at b.inc.on d.by24.i agree _ what you said.a.to b.on c.with d

15、.at25. do you agree_ this plan (arrangement)?a.at b.withc.on d.to26. finally they agreed _ the terms of the contract.a.on b.to c.with d.at27. do you often hear_ your brother?a. of b. from c. out of d. about28.1 heard _ the book long ago, but i have never read it.a. out b.from c.of d.with29. the plan

16、e flew _ the city. a. across b.past c. through d.over30. we walked _ the tian an men square to the museum of chinese history.a. across b. through c.by d.past5、表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 there is a book on the piece of paper./ there is an interesting article in the newspaper./ he dug a

17、hole in the wall.6、表示“穿過”的through和across：through表示從內(nèi)部通過，與in 有關(guān)；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過，與on有關(guān)。 water flows through the pipe./ the old man walked across the street.7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的內(nèi)面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是內(nèi)面，也不是外面，而含內(nèi)外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角

18、處”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。the lamp stands in the corner of the room./ i met with him at the street corner./ he sat on the corner of the table.8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“終于”解，可單獨使用，后不接介詞of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到盡頭”，既可指時間，也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨使用；by the end of 作“在結(jié)束時”，“到末為止”解，只能指時間。不

19、可單獨使用。in the end they reached a place of safety. at the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.they decided to have an english evening at the end of this week.by the end of last month he had finished the novel.31.i was wandering _ the streets when i caught sight of a tailors shop.a. acrossb. thro

20、ughc.byd.past32. our bus drove _ the great hall of the people.a. across b. throughc. pastd.over33. _ the sun, nothing would grow.a. for b.withc. underd. without34. the teacher is busy _ teaching.a.with b.for c.on d.of35. the teacher is busy _ correcting papers.a. for b.in c.on d.of36. we left xi an

21、_._ a very hot summer afternoon.a. on b.in c. during d.by37. she felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming_ her.a. but b. except c. except for d. without38. his teacher was angry _ him _ his being late.a.at,with b.at,for c.with,for d.with,about39. my father was disappointed _ the n

22、ews. a. by b. about c. at d. on40. mr wang went to nanjing _ october,1998 and came back home _ the morning of nov. 5.a.at;in b.on;atc.in;ond.by;from9、表示“關(guān)于”的about 和on：兩者都有“關(guān)于”的意思，不過前者為一般用詞，而后者為較正式的“論述”。he came to tell me about something important./ he wrote a book on science.10、between, among：一般說來，b

23、etween表示兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如：you are to sit between your father and me./ he is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有時說的雖然是三個以上的人或東西，如果強調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系，適用于between。如：agreements were made between the different countries. 談到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分居兩邊時用between。如：the little valley lies between high mountains.

24、。談事物間的差別時，總是用between。they dont know the difference between wheat and barley.11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了還有，再加上”。如：all went out besides me.；except指“除了，減去什么”，不能放在句首。如：all went out except me.；but 與except意思近似，表示“除了外”經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如：i never saw him

25、reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示“如無就，只是”表明理由細節(jié)。如：his diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等的“用”，用in。如：he is writing a letter with a pen. he wrote the letter in pencil. we measured it in pounds. read the text in a lou

26、d voice. tell me the story in english.41 .my uncle lives _ 105 huanghe street. his room is _ the fifth floor.a.at;on b.td;atc.on;ind.of;to42. i dont think you can work out the maths problem _ the teachers help.a. since b. unlessc. becaused. without43. he is running _ the wind towards the east of the

27、 station _ tom is running _ the right. a. down; and; on b. against; while; on c.for;with;in d. with; while; to44. in hangzhou mr green was so struck _ the beauty of nature that he stayed _ another night. a.at;on b.with;atc.for;ind.by;for45. many people are still _ the habit of writing silly things _

28、 public places.a.at;at b.in;inc.into;ofd.during;at46. - do you go there _ bus?- no, we go there _ a train.a. in; on b.on;onc.by;ind.by; with47. i made the coat _ my own hands. it was made _ hand, not with a machine.a. in; in b.in; withc. with; byd. with; with48. the trees _ front of the house are _

29、the charge of old li.a. in; in b. at; inc. in; byd. from; in49. the old man died _ cold _ a cold night.a. from; at b.of;inc.of;ond. for; during50. does john know any other foreign languages _ french?a. except b. butc. besidesd. beside13、in charge of和in the charge of：兩者都表示“由誰負責、照顧、管理”。區(qū)別在于：in charge

30、of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面則跟照管的人。如：who is in charge of the project?/ the project is in the charge of an engineer.。14、as, like：as作“作為”、“以地位或身份”解。如：let me speak to you as a father.（事實是父親）；like作“象一樣”解。如：let me speak to you like a father.（事實上不是父親）。15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = befor

31、e，是“在前面”的意思（不在某物內(nèi)）； in the front of則是“在前部”的意思（在某物內(nèi)）。如：there is a desk in front of the blackboard. the boy sat in the front of the car.。16、in, into：into表示動向，不表示目的地或位置。如：we walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：we walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等終止性動詞連用時，也可以表示動向。如：i have put the coin in

32、 (into) my pocket.我把硬幣放進衣袋。51. he looked quite healthy _ he was _ the age of seventy.a. when; at b. because; inc. if; ford. though; at52. - how long has the bookshop been in business?-_1982.a. after b.inc.fromd.since53. did you have any trouble _ the post office?a. to have found b. with finding c. t

33、o find d. in finding54.to tell you the truth, i have nothing to do _ it.a.about b.withc.ford.of55. something must be done to prevent our city _ by thick smoke.a. to be polluted b. from polluting c. from being polluted d. polluting56._ the students likes the paintings. which is wrong?a. the teacher a

34、s well as b. nobody butc. the teacher besides d. all except57. henry,_ mary and tom, is coming to china for a visit. which is wrong?a. together withb. likec. and notd. but in addition to58. taiwan is _ the east of fujian.a. in b.atc.tod.on59. his father will be back from london _ a few days.a.since

35、b.inc.ond.after60. we offered him our congratulations _ his passing the college entrance exams.a.at b.onc.ford.of【要點點撥】a. 要注意理解情景意義：同一介詞可表達多種意義，同一場合意義不同則介詞不同。he hasnt come for a month .(for 持續(xù)時間)the day is warm for april .（for 就而言）b. 要突破幾個關(guān)鍵介詞in , on , at , with , by , from , of , to , for .1 . 表示時間

36、的：at; in ; on , since , from , to , after , within , during , throughout , towards , over , by , till ;2 . 表示穿越的:through , across , over 3表示地理位置的：in ; on; to ;4 表示原因、目的的：for ;with ; from ;5. 表示關(guān)于的:about , concerning , regarding , with regard to , as for ,as to ;6. 表示根據(jù)：on ; according to ;7. in the c

37、orner ;on the corner , at the corner 的區(qū)別8between 和among 9besides ;except ; but ;except for 10in 和with c. 要注意介詞搭配，集中歸納，反復練習。1. 固定與to 構(gòu)成搭配的名詞：key , answer , visit , apology , introduction ,note , etc.2. 與on 有關(guān)的：mercy , congratulations 3. 與at有關(guān)的：angry , good , bad , clever , terrified , surprised ;4. 與

38、of 有關(guān)的：afraid , sure , full , tired , fond , proud , worthy , certain ;5. 與with 有關(guān)的：angry , strict , careful , busy , poplar ;6. 與to 有關(guān)的：next, good , polite , kind , cruel , rude , known , anxious , married , close , near , similar, due ;7. 與for 有關(guān)的：sorry , good , free , fit , unfit , eager, anxious

39、 , hungry ;8. 與from 有關(guān)的：far , different , free, safe , absent , tired .常用介詞短語和固定搭配一相近介詞和介詞短語 1. with the help of 在幫助下 under the leadership / care of 在領導關(guān)心下 2. be strict with sb. 對人要求嚴格 be strict in sth. 對事要求嚴格 3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暫時 4. in the sun/sunshine 在陽光下 under

40、the sun 在世界上 5. lie in 位于之內(nèi) lie on 同接壤 lie to 位于之外 6. at least 至少 in the least 絲毫，一點 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以名義 8. in the air 空中，在流傳 on the air 播出 9. in the way 擋路，障礙，用方法 in a way 在某點上，在某種程度上 get ones own way to do 隨心所欲 give way 讓步，屈服 lose ones way 迷路 by the way 順便說一下 on ones way to 在去的路上 come

41、 this way 這邊走 10. at the corner 在拐角處（外角） in the corner 角落里（內(nèi)角） on the corner 角落上（外角上） 11. judge by / from 根據(jù)來判斷 judge for oneself 由某人自己來判斷 12. at the end (of) 在結(jié)束時 at the beginning of 在開始時 at the back of 在背后，支持 at the age of 歲時 at the foot of 在腳下 at the bottom of 在底部 at the top of 在頂上 at/on the edge

42、 of 在邊上 13. in the course of 在過程中 in the eyes of 從觀點看來，在眼里 in the face of 面對，盡管，縱使 in the middle of 在中間 in the end =at last=finally 最后 14. on the eve of 在前夕 on the side of 在一邊 15. after a time = after some time 過一段時間后 for a time = for some time 一時，有一段時間 16. behind time 遲到，過期 behind the times 落在時代后面

43、17. at no time 決不 in no time 立即，馬上 18. at one time = once time 曾經(jīng) at a time = each time 每次 at times = sometimes 有時 at all times 經(jīng)常，一直，始終 at the same time 同時 at the time 在的時候 by the time 到的時候 19. for a moment 一會兒 for the moment 暫時 at the moment 當時 the moment /minute /instance 正當一剎那 20. once or twice

44、一兩次 more than once 不止一次 once more 重新，又 once upon a time 從前 once in a while 偶爾 二歸類記憶 1. be on show / display / play / sale / strike / duty / trial 2. be of value / importance / use / no use / color / age / size / height / weight / significance 3. to ones joy / surprise / pleasure / astonishment / sor

45、row / delight 4. in surprise / wonder / alarm / terror / horror / delight 5. by air / bicycle / boat / bus / car / letter / post / plane / telephone / train / wire 6. at daybreak / sunrise / dawn / noon/ dark / night 7. out of breath / control / question / sight 8. in fact / reality / substance / na

46、ture / practice / theory / short / brief / a word / detail / all / average / full / time / fashion / existence / turn / vain / haste / appearance / common / sum/ general / particular / public / secret / order / part / power / stock / case / bed / future / name / addition / sight 9. on duty / shift /

47、 holiday / leave / business / purpose / time / sale / show / board / hand / record / request / root / earth / farm / principle 10. for example / instance / all / good / nothing / convenience / short / fear / sale 11. by weight ( volume size number) / profession / definition / rule / turn / chance/ a

48、ccident/ mistake / hand / train ( bus ,taxi ,ship ,boat ) / air / land / force / day / nature / sight 12. at most / least / best / worst / once / first / last / home / school / will ( at will:任意) / work / night / midnight / daybreak / dawn / present / length / large 13. as above / below / following

49、/ over / usual / before / a matter of fact 14. above all / measure / normal 15. before all / long / time / now / then 16. after all / class / school 17. out of action / order / condition / use / operation / step / joint / repair/ gear / balance / range/ doubt / date / danger / hand / shape / place /

50、 question / stock / 18. with caution / interest / difficulty / ease / advantage / effect / reason / vigor / reserve / success / confidence 19. beyond comprehension / conception / description / expression / doubt / control / reach / power / measure / grasp / compare / controversy / dispute / hope / e

51、xample 20. under age / discussion / test / way / repair 三組合記憶 （1）由兩個詞組成的復合介詞 1. 以of結(jié)尾 ahead of , aside of , because of , east of , west of , instead of , short of , lack of , regardless of 2. 以to結(jié)尾 according to , as to , counter to , due to , owing to , next to , previous to , prior to , apostle to

52、, relative to , subject to , subsequent to , on to , thanks to 3. 以with結(jié)尾 along with , together with 4. 以for結(jié)尾 as for , but for , except for , save for 5. 以from結(jié)尾 from above , from below , from among , from between , from beneath , from behind , from over （2）由三個詞組成的復合介詞 1. 以in開頭 in addition to , in

53、advance of , in agreement with , in case of , in charge of , in comparison with in consequence of , in consideration of , in (the) course of , in contrast with , in the face of , in favor of , in front of , in honor of , in (the) light of , in the middle of , in the name of , in need of , in obedience to , in opposition to , in place of , in preference to , in (the) process of in regard to , in reply to , in respect of 2. 以by開頭 by means of , by order of , by reason of , by virtue of , by way of 3. 以at開頭 at the beginning of , at the cost of