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1、分析化學(xué)中常見(jiàn)詞匯的中英對(duì)照第一章緒論分析化學(xué): analytical chemistry定性分析: qualitative analysis定量分析: quantitative analysis物理分析: physical analysis物理化學(xué)分析:physico-chemical analysis儀器分析法: instrumental analysis流動(dòng)注射分析法:flow injection analysis ; FIA順序注射分析法:sequentical injection analysis;SIA化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué): chemometrics第二章誤差的分析數(shù)據(jù)處理絕對(duì)誤差: abs

2、olute error相對(duì)誤差: relative error系統(tǒng)誤差: systematic error可定誤差: determinate error隨機(jī)誤差: accidental error不可定誤差:indeterminate error準(zhǔn)確度: accuracy精確度: precision偏差: debiation , d平均偏差: average debiation相對(duì)平均偏差:relative average debiation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差) : standerd deviation;S相對(duì)平均偏差:relatibe standard deviation;RSD變異系數(shù): c

3、oefficient of variation誤差傳遞: propagation of error有效數(shù)字: significant figure置信水平: confidence level顯著性水平:level of significance合并標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(組合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差): pooled standard debiation舍棄商: rejection quotient ;Q矚慫潤(rùn)厲釤瘞睞櫪廡賴?;瘜W(xué)定量分析第三章滴定分析概論滴定分析法:titrametric analysis滴定: titration容量分析法 :volumetric analysis化學(xué)計(jì)量點(diǎn):stoichiometric

4、point等當(dāng)點(diǎn): equivalent point電荷平衡: charge balance電荷平衡式:charge balance equation質(zhì)量平衡: mass balance1 / 12物料平衡: material balance質(zhì)量平衡式:mass balance equation聞創(chuàng)溝燴鐺險(xiǎn)愛(ài)氌譴凈。第四章酸堿滴定法酸堿滴定法:acid-base titrations質(zhì)子自遞反應(yīng):autoprotolysis reaction質(zhì)子自遞常數(shù):autoprotolysis constant質(zhì)子條件式 :proton balance equation酸堿指示劑:acid-base i

5、ndicator指示劑常數(shù):indicator constant變色范圍: colour change interval混合指示劑:mixed indicator雙指示劑滴定法:double indicator titration殘騖樓諍錈瀨濟(jì)溆塹籟。第五章非水滴定法非水滴定法:nonaqueous titrations質(zhì)子溶劑: protonic solvent酸性溶劑: acid solvent堿性溶劑: basic solvent兩性溶劑 :amphototeric solvent無(wú)質(zhì)子溶劑:aprotic solvent均化效應(yīng): differentiating effect區(qū)分性溶劑

6、:differentiating solvent離子化: ionization離解: dissociation結(jié)晶紫: crystal violet萘酚苯甲醇 :-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol奎哪啶紅: quinadinered百里酚藍(lán): thymol blue偶氮紫: azo violet溴酚藍(lán): bromophenol blue 釅錒極額閉鎮(zhèn)檜豬訣錐。第六章配位滴定法配位滴定法:compleximetry乙二胺四乙酸:ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA螯合物: chelate compound金屬指示劑:metal lo

7、chrome indcator 彈貿(mào)攝爾霽斃攬磚鹵廡。第七章氧化還原滴定法氧化還原滴定法:oxidation-reduction titration碘量法: iodimetry溴量法: bromimetry 溴量法: bromine method鈰量法: cerimetry高錳酸鉀法:potassium permanganate method條件電位: conditional potential溴酸鉀法: potassium bromate method2 / 12硫酸鈰法: cerium sulphate method偏高碘酸: metaperiodic acid高碘酸鹽: periodat

8、e亞硝酸鈉法:sodium nitrite method重氮化反應(yīng):diazotization reaction重氮化滴定法:diazotization titration亞硝基化反應(yīng):nitrozation reaction亞硝基化滴定法:nitrozation titration外指示劑: external indicator外指示劑: outside indicator重鉻酸鉀法:potassium dichromate method 謀蕎摶篋飆鐸懟類蔣薔。第八章沉淀滴定法沉淀滴定法:precipitation titration容量滴定法:volumetric precipitatio

9、n method銀量法: argentometric method 廈礴懇蹣駢時(shí)盡繼價(jià)騷。第九章重量分析法重量分析法:gravimetric analysis揮發(fā)法: volatilization method引濕水(濕存水) : water of hydroscopicity包埋 (藏 )水: occluded water吸入水: water of imbibition結(jié)晶水: water of crystallization組成水: water of composition液 -液萃取法: liquid-liquid extration溶劑萃取法:solvent extration反萃?。?/p>

10、 counter extraction分配系數(shù): partition coefficient分配比: distribution ratio離子對(duì)(離子締合物) : ion pair沉淀形式: precipitation forms稱量形式: weighing forms 煢楨廣鰳鯡選塊網(wǎng)羈淚。分析化學(xué)下冊(cè)儀器分析概述物理分析: physical analysis物理化學(xué)分析:physicochemical analysis儀器分析: instrumental analysis 鵝婭盡損鵪慘歷蘢鴛賴。第十章電位法及永停滴定法電化學(xué)分析:electrochemical analysis電解法: e

11、lectrolytic analysis method電重量法: electtogravimetry庫(kù)侖法: coulometry庫(kù)侖滴定法:coulometric titration電導(dǎo)法: conductometry3 / 12電導(dǎo)分析法:conductometric analysis電導(dǎo)滴定法:conductometric titration電位法: potentiometry直接電位法:dirext potentiometry電位滴定法:potentiometric titration伏安法: voltammetry極譜法: polarography溶出法: stripping met

12、hod電流滴定法:amperometric titration化學(xué)雙電層:chemical double layer相界電位: phase boundary potential金屬電極電位:electrode potential化學(xué)電池: chemical cell液接界面: liquid junction boundary原電池: galvanic cell電解池: electrolytic cell負(fù)極: cathrode正極: anode電池電動(dòng)勢(shì):eletromotive force指示電極: indicator electrode參比電極: reference electroade標(biāo)

13、準(zhǔn)氫電極:standard hydrogen electrode一級(jí)參比電極:primary reference electrode飽和甘汞電極:standard calomel electrode銀氯化銀電極:silver silver-chloride electrode液接界面: liquid junction boundary不對(duì)稱電位:asymmetry potential表觀 PH 值: apparent PH復(fù)合 PH 電極: combination PH electrode離子選擇電極:ion selective electrode敏感器: sensor晶體電極 :crysta

14、lline electrodes均相膜電極:homogeneous membrance electrodes非均相膜電極:heterog eneous membrance electrodes非晶體電極:non- crystalline electrodes剛性基質(zhì)電極:rigid matrix electrode流流體載動(dòng)電極:electrode with a mobile carrier氣敏電極: gas sensing electrodes酶電極: enzyme electrodes金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體場(chǎng)效應(yīng)晶體管:MOSFET離子選擇場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管:ISFET總離子強(qiáng)度調(diào)節(jié)緩沖劑:total i

15、on strength adjustment buffer,TISAB永停滴定法:dead-stop titration雙電流滴定法(雙安培滴定法): double amperometric titration 籟叢媽羥為贍僨蟶練淨(jìng)。4 / 12第十一章光譜分析法概論普朗克常數(shù):Plank constant電磁波譜: electromagnetic spectrum光譜: spectrum光譜分析法:spectroscopic analysis原子發(fā)射光譜法:atomic emission spectroscopy質(zhì)量譜: mass spectrum質(zhì)譜法: mass spectroscopy

16、,MS 預(yù)頌圣鉉儐歲齦訝驊糴。第十二章紫外可見(jiàn)分光光度法紫外可見(jiàn)分光光度法:ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis肩峰: shoulder peak末端吸收: end absorbtion生色團(tuán): chromophore助色團(tuán): auxochrome紅移: red shift長(zhǎng)移: bathochromic shift短移: hypsochromic shift藍(lán)(紫)移:blue shift增色效應(yīng)(濃色效應(yīng)) : hyperchromic effect減色效應(yīng)(淡色效應(yīng)) : hypochromic effect強(qiáng)帶: strong

17、 band弱帶: weak band吸收帶: absorption band透光率: transmitance,T吸光度: absorbance譜帶寬度: band width雜散光: stray light噪聲: noise暗噪聲: dark noise散粒噪聲: signal shot noise閃耀光柵: blazed grating全息光柵: holographic graaing光二極管陣列檢測(cè)器:photodiode array detector偏最小二乘法:partial least squares method ,PLS褶合光譜法:convolution spectrometr

18、y褶合變換: convolution transform,CT離散小波變換:wavelet transform,WT多尺度細(xì)化分析:multiscale analysis供電子取代基:electron donating group吸電子取代基:electron with-drawing group滲釤嗆儼勻諤鱉調(diào)硯錦。第十三章熒光分析法熒光: fluorescence熒光分析法:fluorometryX- 射線熒光分析法:X-ray fulorometry5 / 12原子熒光分析法:atomic fluorometry分子熒光分析法:molecular fluorometry振動(dòng)弛豫: vib

19、rational relexation內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換: internal conversion外轉(zhuǎn)換: external conversion體系間跨越:intersystem crossing激發(fā)光譜: excitation spectrum熒光光譜: fluorescence spectrum斯托克斯位移:Stokes shift熒光壽命: fluorescence life time熒光效率: fluorescence efficiency熒光量子產(chǎn)率:fluorescence quantum yield熒光熄滅法:fluorescence quemching method散射光: scatte

20、ring light瑞利光: Reyleith scanttering light拉曼光: Raman scattering light 鐃誅臥瀉噦圣騁貺頂廡。第十四章紅外分光光度法紅外線: infrared ray,IR中紅外吸收光譜:mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR遠(yuǎn)紅外光譜:Far-IR微波譜: microwave spectrum,MV紅外吸收光譜法:infrared spectroscopy紅外分光光度法:infrared spectrophotometry振動(dòng)形式: mode of vibration伸縮振動(dòng): stretching v

21、ibration對(duì)稱伸縮振動(dòng):symmetrical stretching vibration不對(duì)稱伸縮振動(dòng):asymmetrical stretching vibration彎曲振動(dòng): bending vibration變形振動(dòng): formation vibration面內(nèi)彎曲振動(dòng):in-plane bending vibration,剪式振動(dòng): scissoring vibration,面內(nèi)搖擺振動(dòng):rocking vibration,面外彎曲振動(dòng):out-of- plane bending vibration,面外搖擺振動(dòng):wagging vibration,蜷曲振動(dòng): twisting

22、 vi bration ,對(duì)稱變形振動(dòng):symmetrical deformation vibration ,s不對(duì)稱變形振動(dòng):asymmetrical deformation vibration,as特征吸收峰 :charateristic avsorption band特征頻率: characteristic frequency相關(guān)吸收峰:correlation absorption band雜化影響: hybridization affect環(huán)大小效應(yīng):ring size effect吸收峰的強(qiáng)度:intensity of absorption band環(huán)折疊振動(dòng):ring prcker

23、ing vibration擁締鳳襪備訊顎輪爛薔。6 / 12第十五章原子吸收分光光度法原子光譜法:atomic spectroscopy原子吸收分光光度法:atomic absorption spectrophotometry,AAS原子發(fā)射分光光度法:atomic emmsion spectrophotometry,AES原子熒光分光光度法:atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry,AFS 贓熱俁閫歲匱閶鄴鎵騷。第十六章核磁共振波譜法核磁共振: nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR核磁共振波譜:NMR spectrum核磁共振波譜法:

24、NMR spectroscopy掃場(chǎng): swept field掃頻: seept frequency連續(xù)波核磁共振:continuous wave NMR,CW NMRFourier 變換 NMR :PFT-NMR,FT-NMR二維核磁共振譜:2D-NMR質(zhì)子核磁共振譜:proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR氫譜: 1H-NMR碳 13 核磁共振譜:13C-NMR spectrum,13CNMR自旋角動(dòng)量:spin angular momentum磁旋比: magnetogyric ratio磁量子數(shù): magnetic quantum number,m進(jìn)

25、動(dòng): precession弛豫歷程: relaxation mechanism局部抗磁屏蔽:local diamagnetic shielding屏蔽常數(shù): shielding constant化學(xué)位移: chemical shift國(guó)際純粹與應(yīng)用化學(xué)協(xié)會(huì):IUPAC磁各向異性:magnetic anisotropy遠(yuǎn)程屏蔽效應(yīng):long range shielding effect結(jié)面: nodal plane自旋自旋偶合:spin-spin coupling自旋自旋分裂:spin=spin splitting單峰: singlet,s雙峰: doublet,d三重峰: triplet,t四

26、重峰: quartet五重峰: quintet六重峰: sextet偕偶: geminal coupling鄰偶: vicinal coupling遠(yuǎn)程偶合: long range coupling磁等價(jià): magnetic eqivalence自旋系統(tǒng): spin system一級(jí)光譜: first order spectrum7 / 12二級(jí)光譜(二級(jí)圖譜) : second order spectrumC-H 光譜: C-H correlated spectroscopy,C-H COSY壇摶鄉(xiāng)囂懺蔞鍥鈴氈淚。第十七章質(zhì)譜法質(zhì)譜分析法:mass spectrometry質(zhì)譜: mass

27、spectrum,MS棒圖: bar graph選擇離子檢測(cè):selected ion monitoring ,SIM直接進(jìn)樣: direct probe inlet ,DPI接口: interface氣相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用:gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS高效液相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用: high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS電子轟擊離子源:electron impact source,EI離子峰: quasi-molecular ions化學(xué)離子源:chemical

28、 ionization source,CI場(chǎng)電離: field ionization,FI場(chǎng)解析: field desorptiion,FD快速原子轟擊離子源:fast stom bombardment ,FAB質(zhì)量分析器:mass analyzer磁質(zhì)譜儀: magnetic-sector mass spectrometer四極桿質(zhì)譜儀(四極質(zhì)譜儀) : quadrupole mass spectrometer 原子質(zhì)量單位 :amu離子豐度: ion abundance相對(duì)豐度 ( 相對(duì)強(qiáng)度 ): relative avundance基峰: base peak質(zhì)量范圍: mass rang

29、e分辨率: resolution靈敏度: sensitivity信噪比: S/N分子離子: molecular ion碎片離子: fragment ion同位素離子:isotopic ion亞穩(wěn)離子: metastable ion亞穩(wěn)峰: metastable peak母離子: paren ion子離子: daughter含奇數(shù)個(gè)電子的離子:odd electron含偶數(shù)個(gè)電子的離子:even eletron,EE均裂: homolytic cleavage異裂(非均裂) :heterolytic cleavage半均裂: hemi-homolysis cleavage重排: rearrage

30、ment分子量: MW裂解: -cleavage 蠟變黲癟報(bào)倀鉉錨鈰贅。8 / 12第十八章色譜分析法概論色譜法(層析法) : chromatography固定相: stationary phase流動(dòng)相: mobile phase超臨界流體色譜法:SFC高效毛細(xì)管電泳法:high performance capillary electroporesis,HPEC氣相色譜法:gas chromatography,GC液相色譜法:liquid cromatography,LC超臨界流體色譜法:supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC氣 -固色譜法: GSC氣

31、-液色譜法: GLC液 -固色譜法: LSC液 -液色譜法: LLC柱色譜法: column chromatography填充柱: packed column毛細(xì)管柱: capillary column微填充柱: icrobore packed column高效液相色譜法:high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC平板色譜法:planar平板色譜法:plane chromatography紙色譜法: paper chromatography薄層色譜法:thin layer chromatography,TLC薄膜色譜法 ;thiin film cho

32、matography毛細(xì)管電泳法:capillary electrophoresis,CE分配色譜法:partition chromatography吸附色譜法:adsorpion chromaography離子交換色譜法:ion exchange chromatography,IEC空間排阻色譜法:steric exclusion chromatography,SEC親和色譜法:affinity chromatography分配系數(shù): distribution cofficient狹義分配系數(shù):partition coefficient凝膠色譜法:gel chromatography凝膠滲透

33、色譜法:gel permeation chromatography,GPC凝膠過(guò)濾色譜法:gel filtration chromatography,GFC滲透系數(shù): permeation coefficien;Kp化學(xué)鍵合相色譜法:chemically bonded-phase chromatography分配系數(shù): distribution coefficient靛菁綠: indocyanine氣相色譜傅立葉變換紅外光譜:GC-FTIR 買(mǎi)鯛鴯譖曇膚遙閆擷凄。第十九章經(jīng)典液相色譜法薄層色譜法:TLC吸附: adsorption活化: activation脫活性: deactivation9

34、 / 12交聯(lián)度: degree of cross linking交換容量: exchange capacity薄層板: thin layer plate展開(kāi)劑: developing solvent ,developer臨界膠束濃度:criticak micolle concentration ,CMC相對(duì)比移值:relative Rf, Rr分離度: resolution ,R分離數(shù): separation number,SN煅石膏: Gypsum羧甲基纖維素鈉:CMC-Na吸收光譜聯(lián)用:TLC-UV薄層色譜熒光聯(lián)用:TLC-F薄層色譜紅外吸收光譜聯(lián)用:TLC-IR薄層色譜法:TLC-MS

35、紙色譜法: paper chromatography上行展開(kāi): ascending development下行法展開(kāi):descending development雙向展開(kāi): two dimensional develoooment 綾鏑鯛駕櫬鶘蹤韋轔糴。第二十章氣相色譜法氣相色譜法:gas chromatography前延峰: leading peak拖尾峰: tailing peak對(duì)稱因子: symmetry factor,fs保留時(shí)間: retention time保留體積: retention volume死時(shí)間: dead time調(diào)整保留時(shí)間:asjusted retention

36、time半峰寬: peak width at half height,W1/2 or Y1/2峰寬: peak width,W等溫線: isotherm理論塔板高度:height equivalent to atheoretical plate化學(xué)鍵合相:chemically bonded phase丁二酸二乙二醇聚酯:polydiethylene glycol succinate,PDEGS,DEGS高分子多孔微球:GDX苯乙烯: STY乙基乙烯苯:EST二乙烯苯: DVB涂壁毛細(xì)管柱:wall coated open tubular column,WCOT載體涂層毛細(xì)管柱:supprot

37、coated open tubular column,SCOT熱導(dǎo)檢測(cè)器:thermal conductivity detector,TCD氫焰離子化檢測(cè)器:hydrogen flame ionization detector,FID電子捕獲檢測(cè)器:electron capture detector ,ECD噪聲: noise,N漂移 :drift,d10 / 12靈敏度: sensitivity檢測(cè)限 (敏感度 ): detectability,D,M分離度: resolution歸一化法: normalization method外標(biāo)法: external standardization 驅(qū)躓髏彥浹綏譎飴憂錦。第二十一章高效液相色譜法高效液相色譜法:high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC高速液相色譜法:high speed

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