GM fuel cell

1、GM fuel cellGMs Fuel Cell Programthe Future of Automobility Fuel Cell Commercialization Asia PacificGeneral Motors Asia Pacific (Japan) Ltd.12Current Transportation Outlook and Challenges3Vehicle Park versus GDP010020030040050060070080090005,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,000Gross domestic product (G

2、DP) per capita in V e h i c l e s p e r 1,000 c i t i z e n sUSAJapan NorwaySwitzerlandDenmarkIrelandSwedenUKFinlandNetherlandsAustria Canada Germany France BelgiumAustraliaItalySpainNew ZealandPortugalGreece South KoreaIsraelTaiwanSloveniaMaltaCyprus HungaryLithuania Estonia Czech Rep.Poland Slovak

3、ia LatviaEU-StatesChinaIndia4W o r l d p o p u l a t i o n / b i l l i o n s 246810121416198019902000201020212030World Population and Vehicle ParkV e h i c l e p a r k / m i l l i o n s15.0%8.2%10.5%Vehicle owner ship:17.6%12.7%11.9% 2004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6005Oil Produced and Reserves Produce

4、dReservesNorth America Latin America West Europe and Africa Middle East East Europe Far East and Pacific Source: Comitprofessionel du ptrole6Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Toward a Sustainable Future7GM Fuel and Powertrain Strategy Long-Term Mid-Term Improvedvehiclefuel economyand emissions Near-TermHydrog

5、enFuel CellHybridElectric vehiclesInternal CombustionEngine and TransmissionImprovementsReduced petroleum consumption Petroleum (conventional and alternative sources)BiofuelsHydrogenFuelinfrastructureWhy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells? Energy security, independenceDiversity of feedstocksGeopolitical stabil

6、ity8Hydrogen an Energy Carrier that offers Tremendous Feedstock DiversityConversion ProcessesCrude Oil NG Coal Nuclear Biomass Solar Hydro Wind Geothermal9Why Hydrogen and Fuel Cells? Energy security, independenceDiversity of feedstocksGeopolitical stabilityResource conservationEnvironmental protect

7、ionEconomic growthSustainability1011No pollutantsNo CO 2-emissions High system efficiencyLow energy consumption Quiet systemFuel Cell and Hydrogen the Future Propulsion SystemWell-to-Wheel Studies 1/doc/cd88055d312b3169a451a465.html/pdfs/TA/163.pdf/doc/cd88055d3

8、12b3169a451a465.html/pdfs/TA/164.pdf2www.lbst.de/publications/studies_e/2002gmwtw_e.html3/wtw.html1213DISI Engine, GasolineDICI Engine, DieselSI Engine, CNG, EU NG-mixSI Engine, LH 2, EU NG-mixDICI Engine, BTL, Residual WoodSI Engine, BiogasSI Engine, LH 2, Electrolysis, Wind

9、Energy Consumption (MJ/km)00.52 2.5 3.5 4.51 1.534Well-to-Tank Tank-to-Wheel Hybrid FC, CGH 2, EU NG-mixFC, LH 2, EU NG-mixFC, CGH 2, BiomassFC, CGH 2, Electrolysis, WindFC, LH 2, Electrolysis, WindWell-to-Wheel Energy Consumption14Well-to-Wheel Greenhouse Gas Emissions DISI Engine, GasolineDICI Eng

10、ine, DieselSI Engine, CNG, EU NG-mixSI Engine, LH 2, EU NG-mixDICI Engine, BTL, Residual WoodSI Engine, BiogasSI Engine, LH 2, Electrolysis, WindGreenhouse Gas Emission (CO 2-Equivalent, g/km)-150-10050100200300-500150250Well-to-Tank Tank-to-Wheel Hybrid FC, CGH 2, EU NG-mixFC, LH 2, EU NG-mixFC, CG

11、H 2, BiomassFC, CGH 2, Electrolysis, WindFC, LH 2, Electrolysis, WindWell-to-Wheel Energy ConsumptionJARI WTW Study15Well-to-Wheel CO2 EmissionsJARI WTW Study16Result of Well-to-Wheel StudiesHydrogen powered fuel cell vehicles offer the potential to greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and offer

12、superior fuel efficiency even from a well to wheel perspective17GMs Global Fuel Cell Program18GM Fuel Cell ActivitiesGMs Goal : Design and validate an automotive competitive fuel cell system by 2010 in terms of performance, durability and cost at scale volumes19GM Fuel Cell Activities CentersWarren

13、(MI, USA)Rochester (NY, USA)Mainz-Kastel (Germany)Tokyo (Japan)Torrance (CA, USA) Over US$ 1 Billion invested to date 700 people working on FC technologyShanghai (China)Mesa, Milford, Kapuskasing, Dudenhofen, AZ MI Ontario GermanyHydrogen-Ready Proving Grounds20GMs Fuel Cell Technology21GM Fuel Cell

14、 Vehicles 1966 -2006GM ElectrovanSintra FCEVGM Precept FCEV Chevrolet S-10 FCEVPhoenix FCEV Zafira FCEVGM HydroGen1GM HydroGen3GM AUTOnomyGM Hy-wireHydrogen FCEV (LH2, CGH2)Hydrogen FCEV (MH) Methanol FCEV Gasoline FCEVChevrolet SequelChevrolet Equinox FC2223Cathode4e -AnodeElectric loadHeatH 2H 2O,

15、 Off-gasO 2/Air2 H 24 H + 4 e -4 H + O 2 + 4 e -2 H 2OH +H +H +H +Polymer-Electrolyte-MembraneCatalystCatalystThe Principle of the Fuel Cell2411Bipolar plate (cathode side)22Diffusion medium (cathode side)33Membrane electrode assembly 44Diffusion medium (anode side)5Bipolar plate (anode side)5Coolan

16、t inletsFuel Cell Components Gas inletsAirChemical energyElectricenergyMechanicalenergy Fuel cellH2-tankElectrictraction systemH2OH2Fuel Cell System25The HydroGen Fuel Cell VehiclesHydroGen1The first generation hydrogen fuel cell vehicle served as proof of conceptHydroGen2Pure engineering vehicle fo

17、r fuel cell system developmentand to streamline the fuel cell system integration26HydroGen3 liquidPower: 60 kWTop speed: 160 km/h (100 mph)Fuel: 4.6 kg LH2Range (EDC): 400 km (250 miles)27HydroGen3 liquidAir compressorDC/DC converterAir filterFuel cell stack Recirculation pump Power steering pump Ra

18、diatorCoolant pumpElectric drive motorAir condition compressorHydrogen filler neckDC/DC converter(42 V)DC/DC converter(12 V)Catalytic burnerStarter battery (12 V)Tank control unitLiquid hydrogen storage tank28HydroGen3 compressed 700Power: 60 kWTop speed: 160 km/h (100 mph)Fuel: 3.1 kg CGH2 (700 bar

19、s)Range (EDC): 270 km (170 miles)29HydroGen3 compressed 700Air compressorDC/DC converterAir filterFuel cell stack Recirculation pump Power steering pump RadiatorCoolant pumpElectric drive motorAir condition compressorHydrogen filler neckDC/DC converter(42 V)DC/DC converter(12 V)Starter battery (12 V

20、)Compressed hydrogen storage tank3031 Fuel: 4.6 kg LH 2Range (EDC): 400 km (250 miles) Fuel: 3.1 kg CGH 2 at 700 bars (10,000 psi)Range (EDC): 270 km (170 miles)HydroGen3 liquid HydroGen3 compressed 700HydroGen3Liquid and Compressed Hydrogen StorageAir compressor Compressor inverter Power electronic

21、sElectricdrive motorDrive shaft Heat exchangerDC/DC converter Fuel cell stackRadiator fan module SubframeFuel Cell Propulsion Module32Crashtest with HydroGen3Test configuration:56 km/h OBD-test(offset deformable barrier),40% overlapAccording to European legaldirectives ECE-R94 and 96/67/EGHydroGen3

22、would havepassed the type approval testInhouse requirements(20% higher) fulfilled33Compressed Hydrogen Storage System34Gas outlet solenoid In-tankpressureregulator Pressure relief device Protection layer(impact resistance)In-tank gas temperature sensorFoam dome(impact resistance)Carbon composite she

23、ll(mechanical strength)High density polymer liner(gas diffusion barrier)Compressed Hydrogen Storage System3536Compressed Hydrogen Storage System Pressure relief device Carboncomposite tanks Fill portFilterVehicle interface bracket with stone shieldCheck valve In-tank pressure regulatorGas outlet374,

24、6 kg 4,6 kg Compressed Hydrogen 700 bar 32 L 120 L 200 L30 kg 90 kg 95 kg SystemSystem System 23 kg 4.6 kg 4.6 kg 26 L 68 L 120 L Fuel Fuel FuelDieselLiquid Hydrogen Compressed Hydrogen 700 bars Tank System Weight and Volume Range: 400 kmLiquid Hydrogen RefuelingCollaboration with BMW and Hondaon st

25、andardization of LH2 coupling3839Compressed Hydrogen RefuelingGMs Fuel Cell Partnerships40GMs Fuel Cell PartnershipsCollaboration between all stakeholders is critical to lay the groundwork for hydrogen and fuel cellsGM has been fielding globally its fuel cell vehicles in partnership with different p

26、arties in support of : Government policy developmentPublic educationDialogue with energy companies and other keystakeholdersEarly customer developmentUnderstanding of market requirements41GMs Current HydroGen3 Demo FleetWashington, DC Berlin SeoulTokyoSouthern CaliforniaShanghai42Suzuki FC Collabora

27、tionSince 2001 Combining GMs FC technology with Suzukis expertise in small vehiclesBest fuel cell system packaging achieved in the mini-car class featuring full seating and luggage spaceFirst 700 bar FCV certified in Japan MRwagon FCV(2004)43GMs Partners for Hydrogen Collaboration4445GM s Fuel Cell

28、Vision The Next StageGMs Fuel Cell Vehicle Vision -AUTOnomyAUTOnomyWorlds first vehicle concept tocombine hydrogen fuel cell propulsionand by-wire technologyEntire FC system contained in askateboard chassisHy-wireWorlds first drivablehydrogen fuel cell vehiclewith by-wire technology46GM Hy-wire in C

29、hina4748GM SequelFuel cell stackFront electric motor By-wire systems Compressed hydrogen storage tanksWheel hub motorLithium-ion batteryWheel hub motorGM SequelGMs latest driveable FCVbased on the AUTOnomy philosophy featuring:Steer and brake-by-wire2 Rear wheel hub motors andone front electric moto

30、r for unprecedented acceleration feel (0-100km/h in under 10s)Unprecedented range of 480 km at 700 bar compressed hydrogen storage49GM Sequel Interior50GM is taking fuel cell vehicles to the next stage Project DrivewayGM is deploying the worlds largest fleet offuel cell vehicles to date starting in 2007for market testing3 US markets with diverse climates anddriving environmentsOver 100 vehicles to be deployed tocustomers such as teachers, engineers,firefighters, government officials,business partners and othersMarks another proof