高考英語短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧 共51張

1、短文改錯(cuò)短文改錯(cuò) 命題特點(diǎn) 用來命題的短文內(nèi)容與學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)生 活非常貼近，好像就是學(xué)生的習(xí)作。 長(zhǎng)度均在100詞左右。 這些材料都是記敘文。 新課標(biāo)卷的設(shè)題通常是：1處多1個(gè)詞， 1 處少1個(gè)詞，8處錯(cuò)1個(gè)詞。 1） 短文長(zhǎng)度 依據(jù)高考近兩年全國(guó)卷I和II進(jìn)行分析，特別是2015年，詞 數(shù)都是106，故此題的短文長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)在105- 110個(gè)詞之間。 行數(shù)：7 細(xì)看題目規(guī)范 ? 短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題，每小題一分，滿分10分） ? 文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉 及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 ? 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫出該 加的詞。 ? 刪除：把多余

2、的詞用斜線（）劃掉。 ? 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞 。 ? 注意：1每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞 1. I can go to home now. 2. I like playing piano. 3. I am fond at English. the Wrong word Missing word of Unnecessary word 高考短文改錯(cuò)的考察方式（格式要規(guī)范） 設(shè)疑方式錯(cuò)詞（8）、漏詞（1）、多詞（1） 短文改錯(cuò)應(yīng)注意的問題 四不改: 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改。 大小寫不改。 詞序錯(cuò)誤不改。 在綱外生詞不改。 Steps of correcting a comp

3、osition: 1. Go through the whole passage to get a general idea .( 瀏覽全文，掌握大意） 2. Read the passage sentence by sentence and find the mistakes. （分句閱讀，逐行找錯(cuò)） 3. Read the passage for the third time, check the answers and correct the difficult ones. （檢查核對(duì)，攻克難點(diǎn)） 動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù) 還要注意形和副 非謂語，細(xì)辨別 代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟 A Limerick 介詞

4、、短語要記住 冠詞連詞常光顧 邏輯錯(cuò)誤理清楚 一、動(dòng)詞形 主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。 We must found ways to protect our environment . 2015全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷 find 缺少謂語動(dòng)詞（尤其缺be動(dòng)詞） She afraid of staying at home alone. is ?： ?Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. ?： ?You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines an

5、d the other books, but you are not permit to take them out. wishes permitted Not only the students but also the teacher like the film. likes 二、名詞數(shù) 指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。 ：Personally, I found most lesson rather uninteresting. lessons 錯(cuò)誤類型：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤；名詞所有格錯(cuò)誤。 改正方法： 分析修飾語的單復(fù)數(shù)意義、主謂一致的特點(diǎn)和語境 意義可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。 分析前后兩

6、個(gè)名詞之間有無所屬關(guān)系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改 正名詞所有格錯(cuò)誤。 ?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有 fun, progress, advice, information, equipment, furniture, news 等。 二、名詞數(shù) 在在several, few, many, one of, a couple of, three, one and a half, a large number of, scores of, dozens of 等詞語后，或雖沒有這 些詞但語境提示我們，本應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 的，但文中卻用了單數(shù)。如： For example, we can do reading for one

7、and a half hour and 2014課標(biāo)II hours 像像advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage, luggage, jewellery, clothing 等不可 數(shù)名詞是沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的，但在文中卻用 了復(fù)數(shù)。如： It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. 2011課標(biāo) . (luggages luggage ) 本應(yīng)用名詞的所有格的，但文中沒有用。本應(yīng)用名詞的所有格的，但文中沒有用。 如：

8、如： When I finally arrived at my friendhe lent me lots of clothes. 2011課標(biāo) (my friend my friends ) 例1give me some advices on how to write like a real writer. 例2Christie was one of my best friend at high school. 例3When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. 例4I was playing at my cou

9、sin house. 名詞當(dāng)堂練 advice friends friends cousins 三、還要注意形和副三、還要注意形和副 注意注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用 法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)題的?？键c(diǎn)。形容詞 和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)也是考察的重點(diǎn)。 形容詞在句中作定語,表語，補(bǔ)語 副詞在句中作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，整句 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. less We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 201

10、4課標(biāo)I The fruits are small in size, but juicy （多汁的） and taste. 2014課標(biāo)I Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 2015課標(biāo)I I am awfully tiring. 2013浙江 Dad and I were terrible worried. 2015課 標(biāo)I I wonderful tasty serious tired terribly 四、非謂語，細(xì)辨別四、非謂語，細(xì)辨別

11、這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn) 在分詞、過去分詞，和不定式錯(cuò)誤。 to do 表目的或?qū)?doing 表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行 done 表被動(dòng)完成 一般說來，一般說來，句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，再出，再出 現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，其前面又沒有并列連詞時(shí)，該動(dòng)，該動(dòng) 詞應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。我們應(yīng)根據(jù)該非謂語 動(dòng)詞在句中所作句子成分，以及它與邏輯動(dòng)詞在句中所作句子成分，以及它與邏輯 主語的關(guān)系，來確定用具體的形式。 After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing. 2015全國(guó)卷

12、make their friendship to last long. 2014大綱 A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 2015課標(biāo)卷 I look forward to see her again in the near future. 2010大綱 looking seeing told 五、代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟 1 人 稱 代詞 主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 2 物 主 代詞 形

13、容詞 性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their 名詞性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 3 反身代詞 myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 4 指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some 5 疑問代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever 6 關(guān)系代詞that, which, who

14、, whom, whose, as 7 不定代詞 one/ some/any, each/ every,none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either 上下文的人稱不一致。如： Thank you very much for showingthem around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. (them us ) 2011大綱 上下文的單復(fù)數(shù)不一致。如： both ofthem

15、have similar ideas Otherwise, it is impossible forhim to help each other and to make their friendship last long. (him them ) 2014大綱 上下文的性別不一致。如：上下文的性別不一致。如： Before herleaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him . Shesaid (him her) 2010大綱 人稱代詞格的誤用。如： Li Mings parents invited I to spend t

16、wo wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them (I me) 2007課標(biāo)課標(biāo) 人稱代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞等的 錯(cuò)用。如： He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others ( 從句主語which是指 the voice, 這種聲音使“他”與別人分離, 故改himself為him)2013課標(biāo)I ： ? We must find ways to protect your environment. 2015課標(biāo) Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. 2015全國(guó)

17、卷 our his 主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，其 錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭 配錯(cuò)誤。配錯(cuò)誤。 in Sunday afternoon catch a sight of lose my heart in hurry a on 六、介詞短語要記住六、介詞短語要記住 常用介詞的錯(cuò)用。如：常用介詞的錯(cuò)用。如： Therefore, we have more time with after- school activities. 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)II for 固定詞組中的介詞誤用。如：固定詞組中的介詞誤用。如： and with the help by our father, my

18、sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes 2014課標(biāo)課標(biāo)I of 固定詞組中的介詞漏用。如：固定詞組中的介詞漏用。如： We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. (listen to 聽聽) 2014課標(biāo)II to 冠詞 基本用法：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示“一 個(gè)/段/座/本.”等時(shí)要用a或an；表示特 指時(shí)用the。 固定短語中多用，少用或錯(cuò)用冠詞。如： As result, the plants are growing everywhere. 201

19、4課標(biāo) As a result 七、冠詞、連詞常光顧 例1Besides, a friend is always good listener when you need one. 例2Just before I turned corner of Park Street, I happened to see an accident. 例3 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. a the an 冠詞當(dāng)堂練冠詞當(dāng)堂練 ?？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式有：?？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式有：連詞連詞but, however, and, or, because

20、, so, when, before, after, which, that, what 的用法錯(cuò)誤的用法錯(cuò)誤 連詞連詞 （1） and 與but用混。這是考得最多 的微考點(diǎn)。如： The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, butthe more pleasure we can share together. 2014大綱 ( but and ，前后沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 ) （2） although/though/while 不與but連用； since /as/because 不與so連用。如： Althoug

21、h we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, butwe have never had any disease 2014課標(biāo) I (去掉but或改為yet) and 與與or。 Whats more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week 2012大 綱綱 (and or) which 與what。 That is which other teachers say. 2013遼寧 (which what) so與or。 We were warned

22、 not to cheat againso she would need to see our parents. 2013四川 (so因此or否則) after 與before。 Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient. 2013陜 西 (Before After 邏輯) 多用或少用連詞。如： With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night. 2013遼 寧 So if they had

23、said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. 2010大綱 what 錯(cuò)用錯(cuò)用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 如： Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. 2013課標(biāo)II what 八.邏輯關(guān)系理清楚 錯(cuò)誤類型：否定詞特別是not、never等的漏用； 連詞的多用、少用和誤用； 定語從句中

24、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的誤用，特別是 which與that的誤用； 名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用，特別是what和that的誤 用。 改正方法：在整句理解的基礎(chǔ)上，理清前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，特別注 意and、 or、 but、 after、before、 however、 therefore、 besides、 unless 、if等詞的使用是否正確。另外，考生在理解 句意的基礎(chǔ)上正確判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)和層次，判斷定語從句和名詞性從 句引導(dǎo)詞的使用是否正確。 邏輯關(guān)系當(dāng)堂練 例1 All I had to do was to write a story or present it. 例2 It turned o

25、ut to be her own cup, that shed left on the shelf by mistake. 例3 In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. and which until/till 1. 2015 課標(biāo)卷課標(biāo)卷I When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. and the thought Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has alrea