法學考研必備法律英語單詞匯總(附音標)

1、法律淵源 source of law制定法 statute判例法 case law; precedent prisi:dnt普通法 common law特別法 special law固有法native law; indigenous law nddns繼受法 adopted law實體法substantial law sbstnl程序法procedural law prsi:drl原則法 fundamental law例外法 exception law司法解釋 judicial interpretation nt:pritein習慣法customary law kstmri公序良俗 publi

2、c order and moral自然法 natural law羅馬法Roman Law rmn私法 private law公法 public law市民法 jus civile萬民法 jus gentium dsdentim民法法系 civil law system英美法系 system of Anglo-American law大陸法系 civil law system普通法 common law大陸法 continental law kntnentl羅馬法系 Roman law system衡平法 equity; ekwiti law of equity日爾曼法 Germantic la

3、w dmnk教會法 ecclesiastical law kli:zi:stkl寺院法 canon law knn伊斯蘭法 Islamic law民法法律規(guī)范 norm of civil law授權規(guī)范 authorization norm :rzen禁止規(guī)范 forbidding norm義務性規(guī)范 obligatory norm blitri命令性規(guī)范commanding norm kmnd民法基本原則 fundamental principles of civil law平等原則 principle of equality i:kwliti自愿原則 principle of free w

4、ill公平原則 principle of justice等價有償原則 principle of equal i:kwl value exchange誠實信用原則 principle of good faith fei行為 act作為 act不作為 omission mn合法行為 lawful act違法行為 unlawful act民事權利能力 civil right絕對權 absolute right bslju:t相對權 relative right reltiv優(yōu)先權 right of priority prairiti先買權 preemption pri:empn原權 antecede

5、nt right ntsi:dnt救濟權 right of relief rili:f支配權 right of dominion dminjn請求權 right of claim物上請求權 right of claim for real thing形成權 right of formation撤銷權 right of claiming cancellation knslen否認權 right of claiming cancellation解除權 right of renouncement：rinaunsmnt代位權 subrogated right sbreitid選擇權 right of c

6、hoice承認權 right of admission終止權 right of termination t:mnen抗辯權 right of defense一時性抗辯權 momentary right of defense mmnteri:永久性抗辯權 permanent counter-argument right p:mnnt kaunt不安抗辯權 unstable counter-argument right nstebl同時履行抗辯權 defense right of simultaneous performance simlteinjs既得權 tested right期待權 expe

7、ctant right專屬權 exclusive right非專屬權 non-exclusive right人身權利 personal right人權 human right人格權 right of personality生命健康權 right of life and health姓名權 right of name名稱權 right of name肖像權 right of portraiture p:trt自由權 right of freedom名譽權 right reputation隱私權 right of privacy praivsi私生活秘密權 right of privacy貞操權

8、virginity right vdnti:身份權 right of status親權 parental power; prentl parental right親屬權 right of relative reltiv探視權 visitation right vizitein配偶權 right of spousespauz榮譽權 right of honor權利的保護 protection of right公力救濟 public protection私力救濟 self-protection權利本位 standard of right社會本位 standard of society無責任行為 i

9、rresponsible right rspnsbl正當防衛(wèi) justifiable right; dstfabl ligitimate defence防衛(wèi)行為 act of defence自為行為 self-conducting act緊急避險 act of rescue; necessity nisesiti自助行為 act of self-help不可抗力 force majeure m:意外事件 accident行為能力 capacity for act kpsiti意思能力 capacity of will民事行為 civil act意思表示 declaration of inten

10、tion deklrein意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus knsenss完全行為能力 perfect capacity for act限制行為能力 restrictive capacity for act rstrktv準禁治產人 quasi-interdicted person kw:zi ntdkt保佐 protection自治產人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity keipbl無行為能力 incapacity for act禁治產人 interdicted person自然人

11、 natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile dmisail居所 residence rezidns經常居住地 frequently dwelling place fri:k wntl dwel戶籍 census register senss redist監(jiān)護 guardianship :djnip個體工商戶 individual business ndividjul農村承包經營戶 leaseholding rural household li:shld rurl haushuld合伙 partnership合伙人 partner合伙協議 partnership a

12、greement合伙財產 property of partnership合伙債務 debt of partnership入伙 join partnership退伙 withdrawal from partnership widr:l合伙企業(yè) partnership business establishment個人合伙 partnership法人合伙 partnership of legal person特別合伙 special partnership普通合伙 general partnership有限合伙 limited partnership民事合伙 civil partnership隱名合

13、伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership d:mnt私營企業(yè) private enterprise; proprietorship prpratp法人 legal person企業(yè)法人 legal body of enterprise bdi企業(yè)集團 group of enterprise關聯企業(yè) affiliate enterprise filieit個人獨資企業(yè) individual business establishment國有獨資企業(yè) solely state-owned enterprise sli:中外合資企業(yè) Sino-foreig

14、n joint venture enterprise vent中外合作企業(yè) Sino-foreign contractual enterprise kntrktu:l社團法人 legal body of mass organization財團法人 legal body of financial group聯營 joint venture法人型聯營 association of legal persons合伙型聯營 coordinated management in partnership ku:dineitid協作型聯營 cooperation-type coordinated managem

15、ent kuprein合作社 cooperative kuprtiv民事法律行為 civil legal act單方民事法律行為 unilateral civil legal act ju:nltrl雙方民事法律行為 bilateral civil legal act bailtrl多方民事法律行為 joint act civil legal act有償民事法律行為 civil legal act with consideration無償民事法律行為 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award實踐性民

16、事法律行為 practical civil legal act諾成性民事法律行為 consental civil legal act要式民事法律行為 formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行為 informal civil legal act要因民事法律行為 causative civil legal act k:ztiv不要因民事法律行為 noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行為 principal civil legal act從民事法律行為 accessory civil legal act ksesri附條件民事法律行為 conditi

17、onal civil legal act附期限民事法律行為 civil legal act with term生前民事法律行為 civil legal act before death死后民事法律行為 civil legal act after death準民事法律行為 quasi-civil legal act無效行為 ineffective act nfektv可撤銷民事行為 revocable civil act revkbl違法行為 illegal act; unlawful act侵權行為 tort欺詐 fraud fr:d脅迫 duress djres乘人之危 taking adv

18、antage of others precarious position prikris以合法形式掩蓋非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention knsi:l惡意串通 malicious collaboration mls klbrein 重大誤解 gross misunderstanding顯失公平 obvious unjust bvis誤傳 misrepresentation代理 agency eidnsi本人 principal prinspl被代理人 principal受托人 trustee trsti:代理人 agent eidnt本代理

19、人 original agent法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent sttjutri委托代理人 agent by mandate mndet指定代理人 designated agent dezineit復代理人 subagent再代理人 subagent轉代理人 subagent代理權 right of agency授權行為 act of authorization :rzen授權委托書 power of attorney t:ni代理行為 act of agency委托代理 agency by mandate本代理 original agency復代理 su

20、bagency次代理 subagency有權代理 authorized agency :raizd表見代理 agency by estoppel; istpl apparent agency prnt律師代理 agency by lawyer普通代理 general agency全權代理 general agency全權代理委托書 general power of attorney共同代理 joint agency獨家代理 sole agency居間 brokerage brkrd居間人 broker brk行紀 commission; broker house kmin信托 trust時效

21、time limit; prescription; limitation priskripn時效中止 suspension of prescription/limitation sspenn時效中斷 interruption of limitation/prescriptionntrpn時效延長 extension of limitation ikstenn取得時效 acquisitive prescription kwztv時效終止 lapse of time; lps termination of prescription期日 date期間 term涉外民事關系 civil relatio

22、ns with foreign elementselimnt沖突規(guī)范 rule of conflict knflikt準據法 applicable law; governing law plikbl反致 renvoi; renvi remission rmn轉致 transmission trnzmin識別 identification aidentifikein公共秩序保留 reserve of public order riz:v法律規(guī)避 evasion of law ven國籍 nationality nnliti國有化 nationalization nnlaizein 法律責任 le

23、gal liability民事責任 civil liability/responsibility行政責任 administrative liability/responsibility dmnstretv刑事責任 criminal liability/responsibility違約責任 liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default dif:lt有限責任 limited liability無限責任 unlimited liability按份責任 shared/several liability連帶責任 joint and

24、several liability過失責任 liability for negligence; nelidns negligent liability negldnt過錯責任 fault liability; liability for fault單獨過錯 sole fault f:lt共同過錯 joint fault混合過錯 mixed fault被害人過錯 victims fault viktim第三人過錯 third partys fault推定過錯 presumptive fault przmptv惡意 bad faith; malice故意 deliberate intention;

25、 intention; willfulness dilibrt過失negligence neldns重大過失 gross negligence疏忽大意的過失 careless and inadvertent negligence ,indv:tnt過于自信的過失 negligence with undue assumption損害事實 facts of damage有形損失 tangible damage/loss tndbl無形損失 intangible damage/loss財產損失 property damage/loss人身損失 personal damage/loss精神損失 spi

26、ritual damage/loss spiritual spiritjul民事責任承擔方式 methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害 cease the infringing act si:s nfrnd排除妨礙 exclusion of hindrance; hndrns removal of obstacle rimu:vl bstkl消除危險 elimination of danger lmnen返還財產 restitution of property resttju n恢復原狀 restitution; restitution of origina

27、l state賠償損失 compensate for a loss; kmpenseit indemnify for a loss ndemnfa支付違約金 payment of liquidated damage lkwdet消除影響 eliminate ill effects恢復名譽 rehabilitate ones reputation ri:hbiliteit賠禮道歉 extend a formal apology物權 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right du:s rem物權制度 real right system; right in rem s

28、ystem一物一權原則 the principal of One thing, One Right物權法定主義 principal of legality of right in rem物權公示原則 principal of public summons of right in remsmn物權法 jus rerem物 property生產資料 raw material for production mtiril生活資料 means of livelihood; lavli:hd means of subsistence sbsstns 流通物 res in commercium; a thi

29、ng in commerce ri:z限制流通物 limited merchantable thing m:ttb()l禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce資產 asset set固定資產 fixed asset流動資產 current asset; floating asset krnt flt動產 movables; mu:vblz chattel ttl不動產 immovable; real estate isteit特定物 res certae; a certain thing種類物 genus; di:ns indef

30、inite thing indefinit可分物 res divisibiles; divisible things dvzbl不可分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物 res capitalis; a principal thing從物 res accessoria; an accessory thing ksesri原物 original thing孳息 fruits天然孳息 natural fruits法定孳息 legal fruits無主物 bona vacatia; bun vacant goods; veiknt ownerless

31、goods遺失物 lost property漂流物 drifting object drifti埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property貨幣 currency krnsi證券 securities sikjuriti債券 bond bnd物權分類 classification of right in rem/real right klsifikein自物權 jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有權 dominium; ownership; title所有權憑證 document of title; title of owners

32、hip占有權 dominium utile; equitable ownership使用權 right of use; right to use of收益權 right to earnings; right to yields ji:ld處分權 right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有 possession in good faith惡意占有 malicious possession mls按份共有 several possession共同共有 joint possession他物權 jus in re aliena用益物權 real right for u

33、sufruct ju:sju(:)frkt使用權 right to use; right of use土地使用權 right to the use of land林權 forest ownership frist采礦權 mining ownership man經營權 managerial authority; mndri:l :riti power of management承包經營權 right to contracted management相鄰權 neighboring right; relatedright地上權 superficiessu:pfiii:z永佃權 jus emphyte

34、uticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract p:ptju:ti:地役權 servitude; s:vtju:d easement i:zmnt人役權 servitus personarum; personal servitude擔保物權 real right for security物的擔保 security for thing物的瑕疵擔保 warranty against defect of a thing wrnti抵押權 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to

35、 mortgage m:id抵押權的設定 creation of right to mortgage抵押人 mortgagor m:id抵押權人 mortgagee m:di:抵押標的物 collateral; kltrl estate under mortgage isteit抵押權的效力 deffect of right to mortgage抵押權的次序 sequence of right to mortgage si:kwns抵押權的拋棄 abandonment of right to mortgage抵押權的讓與 alienation of right to mortgage elj

36、nen抵押權的實現 materialization of right to mortgage mtirilaizein抵押權的消滅 extinction of right to kstknmortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登記 registration of estate under mortgage redstren isteit抵押優(yōu)先權 priority of mortgage prairiti留置權 lien li:n一般留置權 general lien特別留置權 special lien質權 hypotheque; ple

37、dge; right of pledge pled佃權 tenant right tennt債權 jus in personam; right to give or procure; prkj,pr- claim; creditors right kredt債權人 creditor債務人 debtor det相對人 counterpart; offeree給付 give; pay kauntp:t債務 debt; liability; obligation債務的償還 payment of debt債務的償清 discharge of debt債務的擔保 guarantee of debt債務的

38、合并 consolidation of debt knslden債務的給付日期 debt maturity mtjrti:債務的免除 exemption of debt gzempn債的分類 obligatio; obligation法定之債 legal obligation任意之債 voluntary obligation簡單之債simple obligation選擇之債 alternative obligation主債 prime/principal obligation praim從債 accessory obligation ksesri單一之債 single obligation按份

39、之債 several obligation連帶之債 joint obligation特定之債 certain obligation種類之債 indefinite obligation indefinit合同之債 contractual obligation kntrktu:l侵權行為之債 tort obligation損害賠償之債 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages人身損害 damage to person精神損害 moral/mental/spiritual damage spiritul醫(yī)藥費 hospi

40、tal treatment expense醫(yī)療費 medical charge撫恤金 pension penn慰問金 consolation money knslen產品瑕疵 defect of productdifekt不當得利 unjust enrichment無因管理 voluntary service svs債的擔保 guarantee of obligation財產擔保 property guarantee信用擔保 credit guarantee讓與擔保 alienation guarantee eljnen, eli:-保證 guaranty明示保證 express guaran

41、ty默示保證implied guaranty保證人 guarantor保證合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship urtiip保證金 guaranty bond; security deposit dipzit押金 deposit; foregift f:ift預付款 advanced payment dv:nst定金 earnest money; deposit違約金 liquidated damages lkwdet法定違約金 liquidated damages by law約定違約金 liquidated damages by agreement債的履行

42、performance of obligation實際履行原則 doctrine of specific performance dktrin情事變更原則 doctrine of change of circumstances不當履行 misfeasance misfi:zns清償 discharge; satisfaction提存 debtors submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority sbmn抵銷 setoff知識產權 intellectual property ntilektjul知識產權

43、國際保護 international protection of intellectual property國民待遇原則 doctrine of national treatment優(yōu)先權原則 a right of priority doctrine自動保護原則 doctrine of automatic protection :tmtik特許權使用費 royalties rilti智力成果 intellectual property著作權 copyright版權 copyright著作權人 copyright owner創(chuàng)作 creation作品 opus; product; work著作人

44、格權 right of personality of copyright發(fā)表權 right of publication pblikein署名權 right of authorship; :ip right of paternity pt:nti:修改權 right of modification; mdfken right of revision rivin完整性保持權 right to maintain integrity meintein interiti不可侵犯權 inviolability invailbilti收回權 right of recall; right of retrie

45、val rtri:vl自費出版 publish a book at the authors own expense著作財產權 property right in work使用收益分享權 right to share usufructju:sju(:)frkt利用權 right to make use of獲得報酬權 right to get payment重播權 right of rebroadcasting ri:br:dk:st錄制權 right of fixation機械復制權 right of mechanograph; meknr:f right of mechanical repr

46、oduction miknikl著作鄰接權 neighboring right of copyright剽竊 plagiary; pleidjri plagiarism pledrzm盜版 pirate pairit盜版VCD pirated VCD偽造 forge f:d工業(yè)產權 industrial propertyindstril專利權 patent right ptnt優(yōu)先權日 priority date prairiti申請在先原則 prior application rule prai plikein使用在先 priority of use新穎性 novelty nvlti創(chuàng)造性

47、creativity kri:etvt實用性 practicability prktikbiliti發(fā)明創(chuàng)造 invention and creation實用新型 utility model jutiliti外觀設計 design; industrial design發(fā)明權 right of invention發(fā)現權 right of discovery diskvri專利申請 patent application專利異議 objection to a patent專利公告 patent gazette zet專利續(xù)展費 renewal fee of patent rnju:l專利許可協議 p

48、atent licensing agreement laisns技術訣竅 know-how專有技術 know-how專利證書 certificate of patent stifikeit專利事務所 patent office專利代理 patent agency中華人民共和國專利局 Patent Office of the Peoples Republic of China商標權 trademark right商標國際注冊 international registration of trademark redstren商品商標 commodity trademark kmditi服務商標 se

49、rvice trademark馳名商標 reputed trademark rpju:td廣告商標 advertisement trademark dv:tismnt近似商標 similar trademark商標評審委員會 trade review and appraisal board preizl b:d商標審查 trademark examination商標侵權 trademark infringement nfrndmnt商標注冊 registered trademark商標公告 trademark gazette注冊商標使用許可 licensing of registered tr

50、ademark redstd注冊商標轉讓 assignment of registered trademark商標使用許可協議 trademark licensing agreement商標事務所 trademark office商標代理 trademark agency婚姻、家庭、繼承、收養(yǎng) marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻法 marital law; marriage law包辦婚姻 arranged marriage財產分割 partition; p:tin dismemberment of property重婚 bigamy bgmi:

51、獨生子女 only child法律婚 legal marriage非婚生子女 illegitimate child ldtmt夫妻共同財產 community property夫妻關系 conjugal relationship kndgl夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board復婚 resumption of marriage rzmpn感情破裂 incompatibilityinkmptbiliti婚后財產公證 notarization of postnuptial properties nutraizein pustnpl婚姻登記 marriage registration redstren婚生子女 legitimate child liditimit計劃生育 birth control結婚 marry離婚 divorce買賣婚姻 mercenary marr