高一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解及練習(xí)(含答案)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解及練習(xí)（含答案）一 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 助動詞 have/has+過去分詞 (done)二句型：否定句：主語 +have/has+not+ 過去分詞 +其他 .一般疑問句： Have/Has+主語 +過去分詞 +其他 .簡略答語 : Yes, 主語+ have/has.(肯定 )No, 主語+ havent/hasnt.( 否定 )三用法（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money (so far). ( 含義是 :現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)Guo zijun has (just/already) come.(含義：

2、郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒)（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作 （用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（ be 動詞表示）常與for（ +時(shí)間段） ,since（ +時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子）連用. for+ 時(shí)段 since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從 以來）since+時(shí)段 +agosince+從句（過去時(shí)） It is+ 時(shí)段 +since+ 從句（過去時(shí)）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四has gone (

3、to),has been (to), has been (in)的區(qū)別Have/Has gone(to) : 去了 (現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)Where is your father ？ He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) : 去過（已不在去過的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一

4、是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義 :* 以 already, just和 yet 為標(biāo)志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film. 他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasnt come back yet. 他還沒有回來。* 以ever和never為標(biāo)志This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing. 他從沒有到過北京。* 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he

5、has been to the USA three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。* 以 so far（到目前為止）為標(biāo)+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the examso far. 到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù) ”的特性和 “時(shí)間 ”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。* for+ 時(shí)段 since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（過去 從句）為標(biāo)志注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過去的時(shí)間狀語連用, 如 yesterda

6、y,last week, three years ago等 ;2)不能與 when 連用3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用六 瞬間動詞（buy,die,join,come ，go ,leave,join）不能直接與for和since連用。要改變動詞buy-haveborrow -keepcome/arrive/reach/get to-be ingo out-be outleave -be awaybegin-be onfinish-be overopen-be openclose -be closeddie-be dead 1.have 代替 buyMy brother ha

7、s had( 不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow 3、用 be 替代 become 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold 5、 a)用 wear 代替 put onb) 用“ be形容詞 ”代終止性動詞1、 be married 代 marry2、 be ill 代 fall (get) ill3、 be dead 代 die4、 be asleep 代 fall (get) asleep5、 be awake 代 wake/wake up6、 be go

8、ne 代 lose,die,sell,leave7、 be open 代 open8、 be closed 代 close/shut9、 be missing(gone,lost) 代 losec)用 “ be副詞 ”代終止性動詞1、 “ be on”代 start,begin2、 “ be up”代 get up3、 “ be back(to) 代”return to,come back to,go back to4、 “ be here (there)代 come(arrive,reach,get)” here 或 go (arrive,reach,get) there 等等d) 用“ b

9、e介詞短語 ”代終止性動詞1、 “ be in/at +地點(diǎn) ”代替 go to /come to2、用 be in the army 代替 join the army3、 “ be in/at +地點(diǎn) ”代替 move to現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . （呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know2、 He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never.ev

10、er . still3、 Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing.wrote .has written5、 Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changedwell . changedgood . has changed better. changedbette

11、r6、 Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . wasstudying . willstudy . hasstudied . are studying7、 We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known. knew8、 Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see. have seen . saw .see9、 These farmers have been to the

12、 United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go. did they go . do they go . have they gone10、 _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did do finished . Have donefinished . Havedonehave finished .will do finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined. was i

13、n . has been in12、 Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、 How long have you _ here ? About two months . been . gone . come. arrived14、 Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began15、 It _ ten

14、 years since he left the army . is. has . will. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone. went.will go . has been17、 My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、 The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so theyB. don t

15、 theyC. have theyD. haven t they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20、 His uncle_for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、 He

16、 has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句）2、 They have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問) _ they been here?3、 The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （動詞填空）4、 This factory opened twenty years ago.( 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ) This factory _ for twenty years.5、 Miss Gao left an hour ago. ( 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 )Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、 H

17、er mother has been a Party member for three years . （同義句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、 The Green Family moved to France two years ago. ( 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 )_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、 The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. ( 把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子)_三、漢譯英。1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2

18、、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父親以前到過長城。4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、 她去過上海。6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？參考答案：一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點(diǎn)在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時(shí)間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just （剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2 應(yīng)選B 。3、 C4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來

19、），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“ last一段+時(shí)間 ”等時(shí)間狀語連用。 因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故 4 應(yīng)選 D 。句中的動作是從過5、 C6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“ for +時(shí)間段或since +過去時(shí)間點(diǎn) ”連用（含從句，從句過去時(shí)）。故6 應(yīng)選 C。7、 C8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次）， twice （兩次）， three times （三次）， several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故8 應(yīng)選 B。9、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭幼鞫及l(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別： 一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動作，它不與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago 等）連用。故 9 的正確答案為B 。10、 B11、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，非延續(xù)性動詞不能與for 和 since 引導(dǎo)的表示一段