word完整版新譯林8Bunit1pastandpresent知識總結(jié)推薦文檔

1、8B unit1 past and present一. 詞匯拓展1. marry v. married (adj.)已婚的2. com muni cate v. com muni cati on (n.)3. north n. northern (adj.)4. wife n. wives(復(fù)數(shù))5. interview v. interviewer (n.) 采訪者6. recent adj. recently (adv.)7. exact adj. exactly (adv.)8. pollute v. pollution(n.)二. 重點短語1. 和玩 play with sb2. 不再

2、not any more=no more3. 不同時期的交通工具 transport at different times4. 陽光鎮(zhèn)的變化 the changes to Sunshine Town5. 非常了解這個地方 know the place well6. 從那時起si nee the n自從2005年以來si nee 2005自從去年以來si nee last year自從三個星期前以來 since three weeks ago7. 搬家 move house搬到南京 move to Nanjing 搬走 move away 搬出 move out of搬進(jìn)一座新公寓 move t

3、o/ into a new flat8. 在南咅E in the southern part of9. 結(jié)婚 get married 已經(jīng)結(jié)婚 have been married for和某人結(jié)婚 be/ get married to sb/ marry sb 把某人嫁給某人 marry sb. to sb.10. 變化很大 change a lot change into 變成changen改變(可數(shù))找零，零錢(不可數(shù))11. 在過去 in the past 在現(xiàn)在 at present12. 這些年以來 over/ during the years13. 把變成turninto翻到tur

4、n to14. 打牌 play cards 下中國象棋 play Chinese chess15. 愉快的假期 pleasant holiday16. 玩得很開心 have a pleasant time17. 水污染 water pollution 噪音污染 noise pollution 減少污染 reduce the pollution18. 過去經(jīng)常做某事 used to do sth19. 像以前一樣經(jīng)常地as often as before20. 把排進(jìn)/倒進(jìn)dumpinto21. 一個很嚴(yán)重的問題 a very serious problem22. 采取行動做某事 take ac

5、tion to do sth23. 在某種程度上 in some ways 順便問一下 by the way在去的路上 on the way to擋路in the way24. 開闊的空間 / 戶外活動場所 open space25. 不時地，偶爾 from time to time26. 一處自然景點地方 a place of natural beauty27. 從借borrow sth from sb借給某人/把借給lend sb sth= lend sth to sb28. 在使用中 be in use= be in service29. 帶去take sb to30. 獨自地 on o

6、nesown= by oneself= alone31. 有同感 have the same feeling32. 青山環(huán)繞 green hills around33. 清新的空氣fresh air34. 良好的環(huán)境 a good environment35. 發(fā)展緩慢 less development36. 離遠(yuǎn) be far (away) from 兩個街區(qū)遠(yuǎn) two blocks away 離近 be close to 37. 給造成許多麻煩 cause many problems for-38. 近期照片 recent photos 在近幾年中 in recent years39. 的

7、反義詞the opposite of40. 有好運(yùn) have good luck41. 把扔掉 throw sth away42. 寫一篇有關(guān)陽光鎮(zhèn)的文章 write an article on Sun shi ne Tow n43. 在過去的一個世紀(jì) over the past century44. 關(guān)于北京的過去和現(xiàn)在 about Beiji ngs p ast and p rese nt45. 感冒 have a cold 患重感冒 have a bad cold46. 受至U某人的來信 hear from sb= receive a letter from47. 乘飛機(jī)旅行 trave

8、l by plane/ by air48. 享受陽光和沙灘 enjoy the sun and the beach49. 走遍城市 go around the city50. 返回 return =get back return to 回到，歸還51. 出國 go abroad 國內(nèi)夕卜 at home and abroad52和保持聯(lián)系keep in touch with三. 重點句子ve just eate n it.1. -Eddie , have you seen my food ? -Yes. I“埃迪，麻看到我的食物了嗎？” “是的，我剛剛把它吃完。”(didn t use to

9、do/used2. The factory used to dumpits waste into the river.not to do )工廠過去常常把廢物倒進(jìn)河里。3.I have known the place since I was very young. 自從我很小時我就知道了這個地方。4. China has changed a lot. = Great changes have happened to China.= Therehave been gr -eat changes in China.5. Many of them have movedto other areas a

10、nd I feel a bit Ionely from time to time.他們中的許多人已經(jīng)搬到其他地方了，我時不時的感到有點孤獨。6. The government realized it was a very serious problem and took actionto reduce the polluti on.后來政府意識到了這個問題，并采取行動改善了這種情況。7. They have gone to the cinema already. Johnhas been to the USAa fewtimes.他們已經(jīng)去了電影院。約翰去過美國幾次。8.1 come to s

11、chool by bus on my own.9. He thi nks he is uni ucky eno ugh to see the chan ges to Sunshine Tow n.他認(rèn)為他不足夠幸運(yùn)看到陽光鎮(zhèn)的改變。10. It no Ion ger pro videsa good en vir onment for wildlife. = It does np rovide a good en vir onment for wildlife any Ion 四. 詞句解析1. justadv.剛才點撥just意為“剛剛，剛才”，強(qiáng)調(diào)最近剛發(fā)生的事情。It does nt ma

12、tter. Weve just begu n our class. 沒關(guān)系。我們剛開始上課。拓展(1)just還可譯為“正好；僅僅；就是”，用來加強(qiáng)語氣。Its just half p ast nine now.現(xiàn)在正好九點半。(2)just意為“剛剛”，與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；just now意為“剛才”，與一般過去 時連用。The shee p have just eate n the grass up.那些綿羊剛剛將草吃光。Amy fini shed her homework just now.埃米剛才完成了家庭作業(yè)。2. married adj.已婚的點撥a married woman 已婚

13、婦女a(chǎn) married man 已婚男子be/get married to 與結(jié)婚They have bee n married for five years.他們結(jié)婚已經(jīng)5年了。拓展marry v.結(jié)婚 marriage n.結(jié)婚， 婚禮我姐姐的婚My sisters marriage will take pl ace at ten oclock today.禮將于今天10點舉行。搭配marry sb嫁給某人，娶了某人，與某人結(jié)婚marry sb to 把某人嫁給I am goi ng to marry Joh n.我要和約翰結(jié)婚了。3. waste n.廢品，廢料點撥(1) vt.& vi

14、 .浪費Dont waste the mon ey. There isnt much left.不要浪費那些錢。沒有多少了。(2) adj .無用的；廢棄的waste paper 廢紙n.浪費；廢品，廢料Its a waste of time.這是浪費時間。It is a waste to throw away good food.把好的食物扔掉是浪費。工廠的廢料被裝上The waste from the factory was take n away in trucks.大卡車運(yùn)走了。4.interviewn.采訪 點撥 interview 作名詞時，意為“面試，會談” ；作動詞時，意為“采

15、訪，會 見”。in terview sb = have an in terview with sb，意為 “采訪某人”。The reporter had an interview with the winner of the competition. 那位記者對這次競賽的獲勝者進(jìn)行了采訪。Peter interviewed Mr White yesterday.彼得昨天會見了懷特先生。She became a member of the company after the job interview. 工作面試結(jié)束之后，她成了公司的一員。5.lonely 和 alone(1) lonely 為

16、形容詞，意為“孤獨的；寂寞的；無人煙的，荒涼的”。live a lonely life 過著孤單的生活a lonely old man 一位孤獨的老人feel lonely 感到孤獨 a lonely island 一座荒島After his wife and two children left him, he was very lonely. 他的妻子和兩個孩子離他而去后， 他很孤獨。(2) alone 作形容詞，意為“單獨的，獨自的；獨一無二的”，只作表語。He was alone in the house.他獨自在家里。I am not alone in thinking so.并非只有

17、我這樣想。(3) alone 還可作副詞，意為“單獨地，獨自地”。He went home alone. 他獨自回家了。She lived alone. 她獨居。6. ha ppen 和 take pl acehappen與take place兩者都作“發(fā)生”講，都不能用于被動語態(tài)，但它們之間也 有差別。(1) happen指“碰巧發(fā)生”，強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性，常指事情在人們無意識、無準(zhǔn)備的情況 下發(fā)生。The accident happened yesterday.這起事故發(fā)生在昨天。What has happened to his family?他家出什么事了？(2) take place 是不及物

18、動詞詞組，意為“發(fā)生” ，指事情按照計劃發(fā)生。Many great changes took place in our village last year. 去年我們村發(fā)生了許多巨大變化。In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China. 一九一九年，中國爆發(fā)了五四運(yùn)動。(3) take place還可作“舉行”講，相當(dāng)于 hold。但take place沒有被動語態(tài)，而 hold 有被動語態(tài)。The Olympic Games take place every four years.奧運(yùn)會每四年舉行一次。When will the weddi

19、ng take place?=When will the weddi ng be held?婚禮將什么時候舉行？7. used to do sth, be/get used to (doing) sth, be used to do sth 和 be used as(1)used to do sth 意為“過去常常做某事”，暗含現(xiàn)在不再這樣做了，其中 to 為不 定式符號。She used to teach history in that school. 她過去在那所學(xué)校教歷史。(2) be/get used to (doing) sth意為 習(xí)慣于(做)某事”其中to為介詞。She has

20、got used to the country life. 她已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了鄉(xiāng)村生活。(3) be used to do sthr be used for doing sth 意為 被用來做某事” Stamps are used to send letters.=Sta mps are used for sending letters.郵票被用來寄信。(4) be used as意為“被用作”。The building is used as a teaching centre. 這棟樓被用作教學(xué)中心。8ve lived here si nee I was born .自從我出生以來，我就住在這兒。

21、點撥since表示自從以來”常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。具體用法如下：(1)si nce+表過去的時間點 Jack has lived in London since 1999.自從 1999年以來，杰克就一直住在倫敦。“since+段時間+ ago”表示“自從前”。David has been famous as a writer since three years ago. 自從三年前，戴維作為一名作家就已經(jīng)出名了。since+從句(從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時)Great changes have taken place in our school since you left. 自從你離開后，

22、我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了很大變化。拓展 (1)since 作連詞，意為“因為，既然，鑒于” 。Since the rain has stopped, lets go for a walk. 既然雨停了，那我們出去散散步吧?！癐t is +時間段+ since/It has beer+時間段+ since”表示“從起已經(jīng)有多長時間了”。It is three years since he began to smoke. 自從他開始吸煙已經(jīng)有三年了。五. 語法現(xiàn)在完成時的 “完成用法 ”和 “未完成用法 ”1.現(xiàn)在完成時的 完成用法 現(xiàn)在完成時的 完成用法 指的是動作發(fā)生在過去某一時刻并已結(jié)束，但該動作對現(xiàn)

23、在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。例如：He has turned off the light. 他已把燈關(guān)了。(動作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。 )現(xiàn)在完成時 完成用法 的特點是動作不延續(xù) ，因此， 該時態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如： already， yet， before， recently 等) 、頻度時間狀語 (如： never，ever，once 等)、包括現(xiàn) 在時刻在內(nèi)的時間狀語 (如： this morning month year.， today 等 )連用。例如：Have you found your pen yet ?你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎?2

24、.現(xiàn)在完成時的”未完成用法”現(xiàn)在完成時的”未完成用法”指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要 繼續(xù)下去。例如：He has lived here si nee 1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。（動作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。）I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。（動作開始于5年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。）此種用法的句中常 需一個表示一段時間的狀語（由since或for引導(dǎo)），或表示與現(xiàn)在時刻相連的時間狀語（如：up to now , so far到目前為止）等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。注意：（1）現(xiàn)在完成時的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動詞，不可用于終止性動詞，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時間很短的動詞。如：come, go, arrive, leave, join , become, die等。即時自測用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. David and Mary got(marry) three mon ths ago.2. There is less air(p ollute) in the coun tryside th