when 引導(dǎo)的從句用法一.doc

1、when 引導(dǎo)的從句用法一、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句 1. 表示當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候,相當(dāng)于at the moment when。例如: When we got to the cinema, the film had been on for half an hour. 當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí),電影已放映半小時(shí)了。 She was writing a letter when I came in. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí),她在寫信。 2. 表示一就,相當(dāng)于as soon as。例如: The students got up when the bell rang. 鈴聲一響,學(xué)生們就起床了。 Ill ring you up when

2、I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就給你打電話。 3. 表示就在這時(shí);當(dāng)時(shí),相當(dāng)于just at the moment或just then .例如: We were about to start out when it began to rain heavily. 我們正要啟程,就在這時(shí),天下起了大雨。 He had just returned from one business trip when he was asked to make another one. 他剛剛出差回來,這時(shí),又叫他再次出差。 4. 表示每當(dāng);每次,相當(dāng)于every time或whenever。例

3、如: She always turns to us for help when she is in trouble.每當(dāng)她遇到困難,她總是向我們求助。 It is freezing cold here when it snows. 每當(dāng)這兒下雪,天氣就十分寒冷。 5. 表示當(dāng)之后;在以后,相當(dāng)于after the time that。例如: We went home when the film was over. 電影結(jié)束以后,我們回家去了。 When she got home, she started to prepare supper. 她回到家后,開始準(zhǔn)備晚飯。 二、引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句 w

4、hen引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句相當(dāng)于if/ in case引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句.例如: When there is no gravity, our feet can no longer stay on the ground. 如果沒有重力,我們的腳就不能夠在地面上站穩(wěn)。Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果機(jī)器發(fā)生故障,就把電閘關(guān)上。 三、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 when引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時(shí),相當(dāng)于since/now that引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。 例如: How can they learn anything when

5、 they spend all their spare time watching television? 他們把所有的空閑時(shí)間都用來看電視了,還能學(xué)到什么東西呢? Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one? 既然你已經(jīng)有了這么好的一份工作,為什么還要再找新的工作呢? 四、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 when引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句相當(dāng)于though或although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。例如: He usually walks when he might ride. 雖然有車可乘,但他通常是步行。 The little girl c

6、an tell right from wrong when she is only twelve. 這個(gè)小女孩雖然只有十二歲,卻能分清是非。 五、引導(dǎo)定語從句 when引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),有時(shí)可用in which或on which來替代。 例如:Well put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我們要把野餐推遲到下周,那時(shí)可能天氣好些。 Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我入黨的那一天。 六、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 1. 引導(dǎo)賓語

7、從句。 例如: Please tell us when his father will return from abroad. 請(qǐng)告訴我們他父親什么時(shí)候從國(guó)外回來。 2. 引導(dǎo)主語從句。例如: When they will leave for Australia hasnt been decided. 他們什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去澳大利亞還沒有決定。 3. 引導(dǎo)表語從句。例如: The question is when they will get so much money to set up the factory. 問題是他們將在什么時(shí)候弄到這么多錢來把這個(gè)工廠辦起來。 when, while 和

8、as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的用法這三個(gè)詞的意思很簡(jiǎn)單，都有“當(dāng)時(shí)候”的意思。但學(xué)生經(jīng)常會(huì)問三個(gè)詞的區(qū)別在哪兒，特別是在做選擇題的時(shí)候。別說是學(xué)生，就我個(gè)人而言，做這樣的選擇題要保證百分之百的正確也是不可能的?，F(xiàn)根據(jù)大量的實(shí)例和個(gè)人的思考，做一點(diǎn)小結(jié)，供大家參考。一、when 的用法 如果只從現(xiàn)象來看，when 從句用的最多的是一般過去時(shí)，而主句的時(shí)態(tài)沒有限制,根據(jù)具體情況而定1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小時(shí)候就常常試驗(yàn)一些新的設(shè)想。 2. When she came into my room, I was

9、just reading a book. 她走進(jìn)我房間時(shí)，我正在看書。3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老師進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，你在寫信嗎？4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 對(duì)不起，你打電話來的時(shí)候我出去了。 5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走，這時(shí)有人敲門。 6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要說話的時(shí)候，我也想到

10、了。7. I had hardlyscarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door. 我剛一閉上眼，就有人在敲門了。 根據(jù)以上的例句，我們可以總結(jié)出一點(diǎn)：when 從句的A事件，相當(dāng)于另一個(gè)事件B發(fā)生的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。也就是說，when 從句的重點(diǎn)不在動(dòng)作本身發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，而只是把它作為一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以when 多數(shù)情況下用的是一般過去時(shí)，則不用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。因?yàn)槿绻谜谶M(jìn)行時(shí)，它表示的就是一段時(shí)間而不是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)了。根據(jù)這一點(diǎn)，有的文章補(bǔ)充說：when 從句的動(dòng)詞大多是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。這種說法也可以參照。實(shí)際上，when 從句也可以有其它的時(shí)態(tài)

11、，但幾乎也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)，因?yàn)樗仓皇亲鳛橐粋€(gè)時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)。例如：1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，客人們已經(jīng)離開了。2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest. 當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會(huì)兒。 3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already? 你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作，為何還想再找新的？4. You shall borrow the book wh

12、en I have finished reading it. 在我讀完這本書后，你可以借閱。 5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week, Ill talk with him about this. 下周，經(jīng)理來這參觀時(shí)，我會(huì)和他談?wù)劥耸隆?二、while 的用法相比于when 來說，while 從句的側(cè)重點(diǎn)就不一樣了。while 從句的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于描述動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，它的意思是：當(dāng)while 事件正在發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一件事如何如何。所以，while 從句一般用的是正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。而另一件事的狀態(tài)沒有硬性的要求，根據(jù)具體情況而定。例如：

13、1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 當(dāng)妻子正在看報(bào)紙的時(shí)候，我正在看電視。2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正當(dāng)吉姆修自行車時(shí)，林濤來看他。3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他們談話的時(shí)候，上課鈴響了。4. You cant do your homework while youre watching TV. 你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業(yè)。 5. While Joh

14、n was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 約翰坐在那里咬指甲時(shí)，我正在制定一個(gè)回家的計(jì)劃。 從時(shí)間的角度來看，while 表示的是一段時(shí)間，是一個(gè)過程。這是while 的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。因此，如果含有“一段時(shí)間”的含義的時(shí)候，就可以用while。6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。這句話中，是說趁著鐵是熱的這段時(shí)間，趕緊打鐵。如果換成 when 意思就變了，相當(dāng)于說鐵只熱了一下，打一下，然后鐵就冷了。這顯然不符合文意。Im going to the post

15、office. While youre there, can you get me some stamps? 三、as 的用法as 從句表示的也是一件事情正在發(fā)生，另一件事也正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中。但與 while 從句不同的是，as 從句用的一般不用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，而只是一般過去時(shí)。as 從句一般可以翻譯成“邊邊”。例如：1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks. 當(dāng)我媽媽唱起那些老歌時(shí)，眼淚順著她的臉頰流了下來。 2. The students took notes as they listened. 學(xué)生們邊聽課邊做

16、筆記。3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我們繼續(xù)往下談的時(shí)候，他越來越興奮。 4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘們一邊走，一邊唱。5. Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound. 當(dāng)他抓住球的時(shí)候，有一種撕裂的聲音。 as 表達(dá)的事件，往往只是主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件時(shí)，as 只是一個(gè)次要的時(shí)間說明，不像while 從句有強(qiáng)調(diào) while 動(dòng)作本身的意思。因此，as 常常翻譯成“隨著”之意。例如：1. As the

17、 time went on，the weather got worse. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，氣候更加糟糕。2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. 隨著高度的增加，大氣越來越稀薄。 3. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer. 隨著時(shí)間一年一年過去，中國(guó)變得越來越富強(qiáng)了。 少數(shù)情況下，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，as 從句也可以用正在進(jìn)行時(shí)。這只能算是特例了。1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shou

18、ting as she was crying. 傷心的媽媽坐在路邊，邊哭邊叫喊。 2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正當(dāng)我們出門時(shí)，雪開始下起來。3. He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡覺，他進(jìn)來了。四、when, while, as 的互換如果從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，并且從句動(dòng)作為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，when，while，as 可以互換使用。這種情況下，它們的細(xì)微區(qū)別恐怕連英、美人自己也說不清了。1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came

19、 in. 當(dāng)我們跳舞時(shí)，一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來。 dance 為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. 當(dāng)她在打電話時(shí)，我正在寫信。 make為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank. 我順著馬路往前走時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)銀行門前停著一輛警車。五、比較while, when, as1）as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。 例如：Just a

20、s / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我剎車后，有一個(gè)人向我走來。 2）當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。 例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 干完活后，你可以休息一下。 3）從句表示“隨時(shí)間推移”連詞能用as，不用when 或while。 例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去，天氣越變?cè)綁摹?2）比較unti

21、l和till 此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际恰白瞿呈轮敝聊硶r(shí)”，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是“直至某時(shí)才做某事”。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6點(diǎn)才到。 Dont

22、get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。 I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才會(huì)做。 區(qū)別：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。 3）until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。例如： -Until when are you staying?你呆到什么時(shí)候？ - Until n