prepare for toffel

1、關(guān)于場景和地點(diǎn)1,in the postoffice send sth to someplace send sth by someway package mailstamp envelop ailmailexpressmail regestered mail weigh(秤重) overweight first class second class2,in the restaurant waiter/waitress servesgroupsnapkin(餐巾) soup dish dessert(甜點(diǎn))salad pie 3,in the hospitalclinic(門診) infirma

2、ry(學(xué)校醫(yī)務(wù)室) medical excuse(病假) emergency room operator room emergency number nusing staff(護(hù)理人員) ambulance(救護(hù)車)4，in the airport flight flght number next flight first class ticket passanger board/boarding delay take off(起飛) wing(機(jī)翼) baggage claim area(取行李處)5，in the museumexhibit/exhibition admission stu

3、dent card art gallary(藝術(shù)畫廊)6，in the bankcas(現(xiàn)金)check(支票)cash a check(兌現(xiàn))open a savings account bankbook(存折) interest(利息)travellerscheck(旅行支票)crdit card deposite money(存錢)draw money from (取錢)7，in the hardwire store machine oil nails(釘子) paint(油漆) can wire hammer tool 8, in the construction sitebulldo

4、zer(推土機(jī)) vacant lot(空地) 0trucks lumber(木材)9，in the photographersfilm(膠卷) a roll of film(一卷膠卷)develop film(沖膠卷)lens(鏡頭)10，in the hairdressersin the back on the top of ears trim the bangs(修剪劉海) cut 11,in the librarylibrarian(圖書管理員) librarycard journal reference book check out book(借書)circulation desk(

5、圖書出納處)12，in the theatre stage actor sreat balcony(樓上的座位) performance13, in the stationary store notebook notecard paper pen 14, in the stadiumgame player seats15, in the book store dictionary book price regular pricesgroupson sale manager16 in the CD store CD, bettles pop rock 關(guān)于動作，行為1，make a phonec

6、allpick up the receiver drop the coins in the slot dial the number busy signal cut offtothe line is busy pedial/try again get throught(接通) hold on hang upoperator(接線員) answer the call call back(回話)2，playing /listening to musicalbum/record(唱片) record palyer(唱機(jī)) turn table(唱機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)盤) stereo (立體聲音響)cassette

7、(盒式錄音帶) loud speaker (喇叭) jazz songs3, riding bicyclemiles tire is flat tire needs air pedal(蹬車)4, asking for direction I wish I could find I wonder how I can get It must be around here somewhere5, greetinghow have you been ? how are you how are you going how are you doing 6, mailing a packagebrown

8、paper(牛皮紙)sting(細(xì)繩)tape(膠帶) scissors(剪子) weigh 關(guān)于職業(yè)1，fix bicyclethe tire is flat the seat needs to be raised brake2, a politicianrun for (競選) senate (參議院) vote(投票)3，a plumber pipe fauset(水龍頭) drain(排水管) clog(堵) leak water all over4, a pharmacist(藥劑師)medicine vitamin prescription 5, a carpenterchair

9、cabinet shelf four feet high and three feet wideBut題型1，第一人說話要聽懂，答案很大程度上依賴于第一個人的話2，第二個人的話以but開頭3，答案特征明顯，即第一個人的話否定掉就是答案(but是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，與前面兩句話的意思相反)but題型1，A人說話無明顯的特征，不重要2，B人說話由2句組成：一個簡單小短句，另一部分but開頭的轉(zhuǎn)折句3，答案內(nèi)容只于第二個人的第二句話，既but之后有關(guān)，與第一人的話及第二人的前半句話無關(guān)，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)某答案與第一句話有關(guān)，則可以立刻排除4，but中部分被弱讀，but不易被考生聽出來，不能根據(jù)技巧來答，應(yīng)培養(yǎng)對but

10、的敏感才不是類型1，第一人沒有明顯聽覺的特征，不重要2，第二個人說話是重點(diǎn)：第二個人的話以一個小反問句開頭，反問內(nèi)容為第一個人的話的一部分，反問句直接接一個陳述句，表明自己的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度3，第一個人的話要聽懂，第二個人的話以反問開頭有兩種意思：一，徹底的不同意，尤其是反問部分，二，認(rèn)為第一個人的話程度不夠4，才不是類型80%答案表示第一個人的說話的程度不夠。Oh,so題型1，第一個人的話無明顯的特征，對作題不是很重要2，第2個人的話比較重要，特征：以oh ,so (懊，這么說.)開頭句中的助動詞，系動詞重讀，表示一種驚訝和出乎意料之外3，提問角度主要是問第2個人本以為怎樣4，答案非常明顯，很少例外

11、，將第2個人的話，尤其是重讀部分否定掉就是答案5，有時開頭不以oh,so開頭，極少樹句中不重讀助動詞，系動詞Say類型1，1人說話無明顯的特征，但必須聽懂，答案有時靠2人說的話2，2人的話一，兩句式，第一句say為中心的小短句，第2句陳述句不太重要二，義舉式，以say為中心的小短句：I will say , I d say , you said it , you might say well say so , you can say that ,we will say that ,say that again3,表示第2個人同意第一個人的話，答案兩種形式一，有明顯的贊同的詞語agree ,al

12、so think , also find二，換了一種形式來復(fù)述一遍，通常將第一句話中的某個重點(diǎn)詞或是短語同意表達(dá)式反意疑問題型1，1人說話無明顯的特征，無太大幫助2，2人說話重點(diǎn)，比較明顯是一個反義疑問句，而且語調(diào)上有自己的特色，增強(qiáng)語感3，答案與1人說話無關(guān)系，不要被迷惑，正確答案應(yīng)根據(jù)2人的反義疑問句提出both/so類型1，2人說話以so開頭，表示.也這樣所以答案中有一個明顯上both開頭的，表示和.都是這樣2，將both/so題型擴(kuò)大話中含有這樣的詞both,so,also,too,either,neither3，both/so題型三種可能一，答案中有agree一詞，表示2人說話同意1

13、人說話二，可能考生聽到both ,so,also,too,either,neither中一個而正確答案中含有都表示也的這組詞同義的另一個三，2人說話將1人說話用另一種形式復(fù)述一遍，表示同意特殊疑問句wh一類題型1，1人說話無明顯的特征，對作題很重要，要聽懂2，2人說話簡單的只有一個詞，即一個特殊疑問詞(wh詞)what,when,where,who,why,how,或者一個由這些詞組成的疑問詞組what time,what placehow much,how long3,分成兩部分來看一，what類型關(guān)鍵在于what一詞的語調(diào)(1)what讀聲調(diào)，表示我沒有聽清你說的是什么(2)what讀降調(diào)

14、，表示對第一個人話的某一具體內(nèi)容發(fā)問答案與1人話有聯(lián)系(3)what語氣更強(qiáng)時，透露說話人的驚訝，憤怒語氣，具體情況看1人話二，其他wh詞(1)其他wh詞不存在語調(diào)變化而改變意思的情況(2)一些wh詞有些同義疑問詞when= what timeswheres= what place why = how come, hows that , what for , how so (3) how how和一些疑問詞組聯(lián)系起來how much/how many多少，問數(shù)量how soon多快，問速度how long多長，問時間how often/how frenquently多經(jīng)常，問頻率how ,意思

15、如何，怎樣讓某人做某事題型1，1人話無明顯的特征，對作題無太大的幫助2，2人說話最明顯的標(biāo)志就是讓某人做某事have sb to do , make sb to do ,let sb do ,get sb to do ,tell sb to do ask sb to do ,send sb to do3,問題方法不同，但都是：到底誰作了什么事情4，特殊結(jié)構(gòu)have sth done答案中常有讓別人去做什么事情建議題型可以分為10種(1)祈使句：you should try,next time try.意為你該.2人說話利用情態(tài)動詞：should can等直接提出建議，直截了當(dāng)，有時加上mayb

16、e probaby might等詞暖和語氣，減少建議句型的強(qiáng)加成分,you might do/need to submit /maybe you should try(2)why ,why not ,why donot you.,干嘛不做/試試.呢？Why not后一定要抓中心詞是動詞詞組，why bother干嗎費(fèi)勁呢？(3)一般疑問句have you try.? Did you?這種方式提建議比較委婉，將其意成you should.(4)反問句：havenot you./hadnt you better./shouldnt you we.有點(diǎn)責(zé)怪的語氣，難道你不會/沒有.(5) how a

17、bout.?what about.?(6) how does it sound.?(7)is there anything wrong with.?(8)虛擬語氣，if I were you ,I should.(9)lets讓我們?nèi)プ霭?10)其他，這類建議沒有明顯的標(biāo)志形式I still dont feel well /I dont know what I am going to do I think 虛擬題型1，不能從2人的話的句型中判斷，只能從1人的話中判斷，題目背景由1人的話中提供，不知道1人的話就很難能知道2人的話的意思，2，答案包含1人的話的內(nèi)容，還有2人話中的明顯的特征，其建議

18、功能由1人的話中判斷。事態(tài)多為過去時，可以為一般現(xiàn)在時，也可以為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時多為情態(tài)動詞3，1人的話內(nèi)容分兩部分A提出疑問或是陳述句B抱怨或訴苦口語小短句1，1人說話無明顯的特征，最好聽懂2，2人說話特征明顯，兩部分中間有停頓一句較短容易聽懂，二句語速很快，有明顯的感情色彩(1)肯定：sure /no problem /of course /certainly /ok /no kidding(2)否定：are you kidding?/joking? You must be joking. Are you serious? Not at all no exactly (3)表示不確定：Im no

19、t sure I doubt it (4)對1人話加以評論：thats too bad great luckly you I donnot wonder 2.1AIntern 實(shí)習(xí)生，Internship實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會, xylem（植）木質(zhì)部, phloem（植）韌皮部2.1 BBattery jumper（電池）接電線, carpool合伙用車, escort護(hù)送, lost and found失物招領(lǐng), rituals儀式/程序, permeate充滿/彌漫, raids襲擊, vision視覺, life insurance壽險, health insurance健康險, property

20、liability insurance財(cái)產(chǎn)責(zé)任險, premium保費(fèi), dune沙丘, gravel礫石, fine細(xì)微/細(xì)小, windward向風(fēng)的, slope坡, endorphin內(nèi)啡肽（一種荷爾蒙）, painkiller止疼藥, chronic長期的，慢性的, placebo effect安慰劑效果, neuro-chemical神經(jīng)化學(xué)的2.1 CCrack裂開/裂口, pop敲擊, inflammation炎癥/狂熱, sheathing覆蓋物/防護(hù)物, tendons腱, tendonitis腱炎, carpal tunnel syndrome腕管綜合癥, pinch捏/

21、夾痛, numb麻木, tingling 感覺刺痛/臉紅2.2 A 無2.2 BMoose麋, beaver河貍, elk駝鹿, snares張網(wǎng)/設(shè)陷阱, clan部落/宗族, animator動畫片制作者, calling做事的沖動/熱情, brainstorming集思廣益2.2 CSea breeze海風(fēng), land breeze陸風(fēng), ascent上升, descent下降, horn號, versatility多用途/多功能, ritual儀式, bugle獵號, tsunamis海嘯, epicenter震中, eruption爆發(fā), pounce猛沖/猛擊, backwash退

22、潮沖刷, wreck失事/沉船2.2 Dpartible inheritance可分割財(cái)產(chǎn), primogeniture長子繼承權(quán), cash reserve現(xiàn)金儲備, inventory存貨/盤存, retail零售, canyon trail峽谷小道, cramp抽筋, ranger護(hù)林員/巡邏隊(duì)員, saltine cracker咸餅干, strenuous緊張艱苦的, lactic acid乳酸, fermentation發(fā)酵, aerobic需氧的2.2 EPigment色素/色質(zhì), tempera蛋彩畫法/廣告原料, dissolve溶解, suspended懸浮, synthet

23、ic合成的, indigo（化）靛藍(lán)色, ochre赫石/赫色, umber棕土色/紅棕色, tinting著色/染色, Tyrian推羅人,Shield volcano盾型火山, vent火山口, cinder火山渣, cone火山錐, magma巖漿, viscosity黏稠, caldera破火山口, depression低洼地/底氣壓, smoldering 無火苗的/陰燃的, geyser間歇泉, hot spring噴泉Quiz 1Eyestrain眼疲勞, skin rashes皮疹, Renaissance文藝復(fù)興, perspective遠(yuǎn)景/透視畫法, vanishing

24、point盡頭/滅點(diǎn), mandatory強(qiáng)制的/命令的1)You are my lifesaver.(你是我的“救命恩人”。)2)You are 100% right.(你“百分之百”的正確。)3)My back killed me.(我的腰痛的厲害。)4)You make me feel guilty. (你讓我感覺像是在犯罪。)5)I havent seen you for ages. (好久不見了呀！)6)I could sleep for a whole year. (我太困了。)7)Were all tired to death. (我們快累死了。)當(dāng)然，除了TOEFL聽力，Hyp

25、erbole(夸張)的修辭手法在英語語言文學(xué)中的經(jīng)典范例不勝枚舉：1)One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters. (George Herbert) (一個父親的作用大于100個教師。) 2)Its a crime to stay inside on such a beautiful day. (今天陽光明媚，躲在家中實(shí)在太遺憾了。)3)A drop of ink may make a million think.(George G Byron)(一滴墨水寫成的文字可讓千萬人思索。) Simile(明喻) 試比較以下兩種TOEFL聽力表達(dá)方式

26、：1)He spent a lot of money.(他花了大筆的錢。)2)He spent a lot of money, like water.(他花錢如流水。)很明顯，第二種表達(dá)方式比第一種更加生動和形象。因?yàn)閘ike water(如流水)使用了Simile(明喻)的修辭手法，這樣以來，無疑使語言更加精彩和完美，聽力考試也不再單純是一門考試，而變成了一種享受。Simile(明喻)一詞源于拉丁語similes,其意為like(象)。他借助人們的想象力，使用一定的比喻詞如：like, as等加以連接，從而清楚的表明兩種事物之間的相似之處，使得表達(dá)更加新鮮有趣。其典型形式是A is like

27、 B. Simile(明喻)的修辭手法在TOEFL聽力中的運(yùn)用可謂爐火純青。比如：(劃線部分為明喻之處) 1.Like引導(dǎo)1) He sweats like a pig.(他像豬一樣流汗。)2) They slept like babies.(他們像嬰兒一樣熟睡著。)3) Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.(John Ruskin)(生活沒有目標(biāo)猶如航行沒有指南針。)4) Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day.(E.B. White)(被打破的記錄猶如刮風(fēng)天成熟的蘋

28、果紛紛墜落。)2.As引導(dǎo)1)She is as beautiful as a flower.(她像花一樣的美麗。)2)“I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as am angel, I am as merry as a school boy. I am as giddy as a drunken man.”(Charles Dickens)(我像羽毛一樣輕，我像天使一樣幸福，我像小學(xué)生一樣快活，我像喝醉了酒的人一樣飄飄然)3)The first time I read an excellent book, it is to me as if I

29、 had gained a new friend. (我頭一回讀到一本好書，對我來說好象交了一位新朋友。)注意：As引導(dǎo)的as.as結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，若能在口語交流或各種作文考試(如：TWE等)中用上一個，定會得到意想不到的效果，常用的as結(jié)構(gòu)有：(as) firm as a rock堅(jiān)如磐石(as) light as a feather輕如鴻毛(as) close as an oyster守口如瓶(as) mute as a fish噤若寒蟬(as) strong as a horse強(qiáng)壯如牛(as) cool as a cucumber泰然自若(as) sober as a ju

30、dge十分清醒(as) sure as a gun千真萬確 1.flying colors-success, victory2.little by little-gradually3.call e into-receive, especially after anothers death5.put off-postpone6.stop by-make a brief visit on ones way elsewhere7.tie up-hinder8.be out for-trying to get9.fill in for-take anothers plac

31、e10.turn down- (1) refuse or reject (2) reduce the loudness of11.go off-begin to ring12.cut down-lessen; reduce; e up with-produce; supply14.make it- (1) achieve a specific goal (2) succeed in general15.catch ones eye-attract ones attention16.care for- (1) like; value (2) look after; take

32、 care of17.head and shoulders above-much better18.catch on-become popular19.on the whole-in general20.fill sb in-tell what sb should know21.in a nutshell-in a few words22.from top to bottom-completely; entirely23.take the plunge-enter with sudden decision upon an unfamiliar course of action24.on the

33、 tip of ones tongue-unable to be recalled25.cheer up-feel happy; stop being sad or discouraged; become hopeful26.hold off-postpone; delay27.on cloud nine-a state of perfect happiness28.back out-withdraw from an undertaking29.grin and bear it-be as cheerful as possible in pain or trouble; do somethin

34、g without complaining30.turn out to be-come to be; prove31.bite off more than one can chew-attempt something that exceeds ones ability32.in the air-uncertain33.get hold off-find a person so you can speak with him34.learn the ropes-acquire thorough or special knowledge of a job35.tear oneself away fr

35、om-depart with great reluctance; force oneself to leave36.tie up-engage or occupy completely 37.touch on-mention a subject briefly or casually39.see to it-take care;take the responsibility;make sure40.get along with-live or work in harmony with41.give away-give as present42.account for-explain43.out

36、 of print-no longer available for purchase from the publisher44.send out-distribute45.in no time-in a very brief time;almost at once46.before long-soon;without much delay47.play by ear-(1)play an instrument without using written music (2)handle a matter without adequate preparation or guidance48.wea

37、r and tear-loss or damage caused by e what may-no matter what happens50.drop by-make a short or unplanned visit51.be short of-not having enough52.cut it out-stop doing sth53.be sick of-be tired of;having a strong dislike of54.look for a needle in a haystack(a bottle)-search for something in

38、 a place where it is hopelessly lost.55.knock oneself out-work very hard;make a great effort56.run up against-encounter57.far from-anything but;not at all58.far from it-by no means;not at all59.hang on to-hold tightly;keep firmly60.get nowhere-be unsuccessful;obtain no result 61.day in and day out-e

39、very day;all the time62.break down-cease to function63.get going-get started;begin to move64.take ones time-not hurry65.boil down to-indicate,especially as a final judgement or analysis66.make up-take a test for the second time67.put up with-bear with patience;tolerate68.by and by-before long69.give

40、 someone a hand-help;assist70.ring a bell-sound familiar71.snap out of it-(1)change ones habits,attitude,etc,suddenly(2)regain ones composure,energy,or good spirits;recover72.raise the roof-make trouble;start a fight or an argument73.get away with-escape without punishment74.on business-with definit

41、e work to do75.look up-search for;as an item of information,in a referance book76.let up-(1)cease;stop (2)slacken;abate77.in any case(or event)-no matter what e out-be published79.look into-investigate;inspect80.fall back on-rely on81.spell out-explain very clearly or in detail82.wrap u

42、p-bring to end,especially a successful conclusion 48 hours two days50% off discounta couple of times twicea little after ten just past ten oclocka waste of money not worth the moneya week from today next weeka week from tomorrow in eight daysage eraagreement contractahead of time in advanceany day n

43、ow soonanything but poor rich / has a lot of moneyapply for a loan borrow moneyapproach sb talk to sbaround nearbyask for a refund get money backastonished surprisedBbackpack knapsackbe crowded be well-attendedbe done completebe free not busybe in one ear and out the other doesnt listenbe onto somet

44、hing promisingbe overwhelmed with be busy withbeach seashorebest score perfect gradebeyond sb. not understandbig sale discountbook reserveboring uninterestingborrow lendbreathe air pollutionbrighten ones spirits make one feel betterbroke no moneybudget money / pricebump into meet / seebuy purchasedb

45、y and by in a short whileby leaps and bounds quicklyCcake / apple pie dessertcan hardly wait to do look forward to doing / cant wait to do / be anxious to docant fit it in too busycant get away with that will get into troublecant put the book down the book is interestingcant recognize looks differen

46、tcant stick around have to gocant turn down an offer be eager to gocarry out the plan implement the plancasual informallychange moneychange of pace diversioncharge pay / finecheck askcheck it out find outcheerful happychop down cut downcirculation desk libraryclean out / a big appetite eat all the f

47、oodclear off reorganizeclever smartcome a long way improvecome in handy useful / benefitcome out publishcome up with findcontest competitioncouldnt make out didnt understandcount sb in sb. wants to go, toocover school expenses pay school feescurrent recentDdelay latedeserted emptydetest strongly dis

48、likedid some shopping bought sthdisagreeable unpleasantdiscard get rid ofdiscount / good deal good pricedo better improvedoesnt figure out doesnt knowdont chew it swallowdrop in on sb. pay sb a visitdouble twicedown jacket warm jacketdrop by visitdrop sb a line write to sbdrowsy sleepydry wetduplica

49、te reproducedust the apartment clean the apartmentEenrage angryerror mistakeexact change right coinsexercise strenuously vigorous exerciseexhausted restexpensive costlyFfall back on a dictionary look up some wordsfamous well-knownfascinating very interestingfeeble weakfeedback opinionferry boatfield

50、 trip class activityfill her shoes take her placefill in for replacefill out the form complete a formfinancial aid moneyfine chargefinish completefinish first winfix repairfloor department storefly by passforget rememberfour oclock that afternoonfreeze coldfurnace heating systemGgas stove cook foodg

51、et a loan borrow moneyget a move on begin to moveget in that line stand in that lineget indigestion stomach hurtsget into shape need exerciseget moving hurryget nervous worryget off the ground advance / go forward / have a good talkget ones signature take a classget out of （doing） sth. be excused/ex

52、empted from （doing） sth.get out of doing ones work avoid workget sb. mixed up confusedget so backed up put off workget sth. right revisionget there on foot walk there?et time off from work be able to take a vacationgift presentgive an extension have extra timegive sb an ultimatum warn sbgive sb. a ride drive/take sb. togo jogging rungo to jazz club entertainmentgo to the movie go to a filmgo up increase / too expensivegrade exams mark testsgrammar book language bookHhalf an hour 30 minuteshand help / assistancehand and shoulders above much better thanhand o