英語語言學試題B卷及答案(重慶三峽學院

1、英語語言學試題B卷及答案（重慶三峽學院）I. Define the following linguistic terms：（2%10=20%）1） government 2） exocentric construction 3） complementary antonym 4） perlocutionary force 5） applied linguistics 6） allophone7） bound morpheme 8） interlanguage 9） arbitrariness 10）assimilationII. Translation （0.5%20=10%）Translate

2、 the following terms into Chinese：（0.5%10=5%）1）lateral 2） linguistic determinism 3） anthropological linguistics 4） locutionary act 5） transformation 6）co-hyponym 7） context of situation 8） allomorph 9）theme 10） primary stressTranslate the following terms into English：（0.5%10=5%）11）語篇功能 12）意義潛勢 13）直接

3、成分分析法 14）最大節(jié)首輔音原則 15）聚合關系 16）音位規(guī)則 17）前綴 18）語境19）皮欽語 20）歷時語言學III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A， B， C or D in the brackets. （1%20=20%）1) The study of language at one point of time i

4、s a _ study.A. synchronic B. historicC. diachronic D. descriptive2）Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which “fall” and “autumn” belong is called _ synonyms. A. stylistic B. dialectal C. emotiveD. collocational3)The sentence “John likes ice-cream” contains _ arguments.A. one B. t

5、woC. none D. three4)Semantics can be defined as the study of _.A. naming B. meaningC. communication D. context5)Once the notion of _ was taken into consideration， semantics spilled into pragmatics.A. meaning B. contextC. form D. content6)Of the three speech acts， linguists are most interested in the

6、 _.A. locutionary act B. perlocutionary actC. illocutionary act D. none of the above7)Most of the violations of the maxims of the Cooperative Principle give rise to _.A. utterance meaning B. speech act theoryC. conversational implicatures D. none of the above8)The significance of Grices CP lies in t

7、hat it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey _ is literally said.A. more than B. less thanC. the same as D. none of the above9)The goal of _ is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech communities and different social situations.A. psycho

8、linguistics B. sociolinguisticsC. historical linguistics D. general linguistics10) Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological， morphological and syntactic systems which are _.A. rule-governed B. systematicC. arbitrary D. both A and B11）As modern linguistics aims to descri

9、be and analyze the language people actually use， and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior， it is said to be _.A. prescriptive B. sociolinguisticC. descriptive D. psycholinguistic12)Language is a system of arbitrary _ symbols used for human communication.A. cultural B. conventionalC.

10、 decoded D. vocal13)A word with several meanings is called _.A. an abnormal word B. a polysemous wordC. a synonymous word D. none of the above14)There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the word “l(fā)earned” is known as a（n） _. A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. in

11、flectional morpheme D. free form 15)The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number.A. large B. smallC. finite D. infinite16)“I bought some roses” _ “I bought some flowers”. A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with 17）The phrase “boys and girls” belongs to the _ co

12、nstruction. A. predicate B. endocentric C. subordinate D. exocentric18)Can I borrow your bike？ _ You have a bike.A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent withC. entails D. presupposes19） Of all the speech organs， the _ is/are the most flexible.A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords20）Chomsky uses

13、 the term _ to refer to the actual realization of a language users knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. A. langue B. competence C. parole D. performanceIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false：（1%15=15%）1)Language is a system of arbitrary vo

14、cal symbols used for human communication. 2) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech； thus there are still many languages in todays world that can only be spoken， but not written.3)The open-class words include prepositions.4) In classifying the English cons

15、onants and vowels， the same criteria can be applied.5)According to semantic triangle， there is no direct link between a symbol and referent， i.e. between a word and a thing it refers to.6)Syntactic categories refer to sentences （S） and clauses （C） only.7)By synchrony we mean to study language change

16、 and development.8)The IC analysis is not able to analyze split verbs like “do sb. in”.9)The relationship of “flower”， “violet”， “rose” and “tulip” is hyponymy.10)A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.11)Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech c

17、ommunity.12)Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studied the sentences patterns of a language.13)Human capacity for language has a genetic basis， i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.14)Only words of the same

18、 parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.15)Sentences are strings of words put together in a random order.V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word， the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only， and you are no

19、t allowed to change the letter given.（1%10=10%）1)The modern linguistics is d_ ，not prescriptive， and its investigations are based on authentic and mainly spoken language data.2)M_ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.3)Langue refers to the language system shared by a community of speaker whil

20、e p_ contrastd with langue is the concrete act of speaking in actual situations by an individual speaker.4)The transformational component has transformational rules， which change the deep structures generated by the phrase structure component into s_ structure.5)In semantic triangle， the relation be

21、tween a word and a thing it refers to is not direct， and it is mediated by c_.6)H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b_ transcription.7)In the cooperative principle， Grice introduced four categories of maxims.They are maxim of quality， maxim of quatity， maxim of r_ and maxim of manner.8)Th

22、e strong version of Sapir-Whorf hopothesis is that language d_s our thinking pattern.9)There are two major approaches to error analysis： c_ and non-contrastive analysis.10)P_ is the study of language in use.VI. The following two are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the differe

23、nt meanings of each expression.（2.5%2=5%）1)Smoking cigar is very harmful.2)The boy saw the man with the telescope.VII. Answer the following questions in English.（4%5=20%）1)What are the four maxims under the cooperative principle？2)What are the design features of language？3)What are the differences b

24、etween modern linguistics and traditional grammar？4)Why do we say that a meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components？5)What do you know about linguistics.參考答案I. Define the following linguistic terms：（2%10=20%）1） government： It is a type of control over the form o

25、f some words by other words in certain syntactic constructions.2） exocentric construction： It is an construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any of its constituents.3） complementary antonym： It is a form of antonym that the assertion of one means the denial of the other， or

26、vice versa.4） perlocutionary force： It is an act which is performed by means of a locutionary act.5） applied linguistics： It is a discipline that links the theories of linguistics with the practice of foreign language teaching.6） allophone： Variants of a phoneme are called its allophones.7） bound mo

27、rpheme： The morphemes that do not occur alone.8） interlanguage： It is formed when the learner attempts to learn a new language， and it has features of both the first language and the second language but is neither. 9） arbitrariness： The forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their

28、 meaning.10)assimilation： A process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighbouring sound.IITranslate the following terms into Chinese：（0.5%10=10%）1）邊音 2）語言決定論 3） 人類語言學 4）發(fā)話行為 5）轉(zhuǎn)換 6）同下義詞 7）情景語境 8）語素變體 9）主位10）主重音Translate the following terms into English：（0.5%10=5%）11）

29、textual function 12）meaning potential 13）immediate component analysis14）maximal onset principle 15）paradigmatic relation 16） phonological structure 17） prefix 18） context 19）pidgin 20） historical linguisticsIII. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices be

30、st completes the statement and put the letter A， B， C or D in the brackets. （1%20=20%）1-5ABBBB 6-10 CCABD 11-15CDBCC 16-20ABDCDIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false：（1%15=15%）1）-5）： TTFFT 6）-10）： FFTTF 11）-15）： FFFFFV. Fill in the blank in each of the following stateme

31、nts with one word， the first letter of which is already given as a clue. （1%10=10%）1） descriptive 2） Morpheme 3） parole 4） surface 5）concept6） broad 7）relation 8）determines 9） contrastive 10） PragmaticsVI. The following two sentences are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the di

32、fferent meanings of each sentence.（2.5%2=5%）1）The cigar that is smoking is very harmful.The act of smoking the cigar is very harmful.2）The boy saw the man who had a telescope.Using the telescope， the boy saw the man.VII. Answer the following questions in English.（4%5=20%）1）A. The maxim of quantity1.

33、 Make your contribution as informative as required （for the current purpose of the exchange） .2. Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.B. The maxim of quality1. Do not say what you believe to be false.2. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.C. The maxim of relationBe relevant.D. The maxim of manner1. Avoid obscurity of expression. 2. Avoid ambiguity.3. Be brief （ avoid unnecessary prolixity） . 4. Be orderly.2）Arbitrariness； Productivity； Duality； Displacement；Cultural transmissi