初中英語(yǔ)不定代詞講解及習(xí)題(二)

1、不定代詞、不定代詞概述不士 7e代 詞定義不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞常見(jiàn) 不定 代詞some 類(lèi)something, somebody, someoneany類(lèi)no類(lèi)every 類(lèi)其他all, each, both, none, one, much, many, (a)few, (a)little, either, neither, other, another充當(dāng) 成分作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等二、常見(jiàn)不定代詞的基本用法1、some和any:都是“一些”的意思，都可與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用。(1) some 一般用于肯定句中，any 一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。eg.(2)在表

2、示請(qǐng)求、建議或希望得到肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中，應(yīng)該用some而不用any。eg. would you please give me some paper?(3)當(dāng)any表示“任何”或“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)”的意義時(shí)，可以用于肯定句，此時(shí) any要重 讀。eg. you may come at any time that is convenient to you.2、表示數(shù)量的不定代詞(1)many, few, a few, 用 以代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。(2)much, little, a little,用以代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。(3)和 表示肯定意義，和 表示否定意義。(4)a lot of和plenty o

3、f等短語(yǔ)既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。3、表小兩者和三者的不定代詞(1)表示兩者:both, either, neither(2)表示三者:all, any, none, every(3)表示肯定：both, all(4)表示否定：none, neither練一練：用以上不定代詞填空。我的父母都是醫(yī)生。街道的兩邊都種了 樹(shù)。there are trees on sides of the street.=there are trees on side of the street.他有兩個(gè)兒子，都不富有。 he has two sons.of them is rich.他有三個(gè)兒子，都

4、不富有。 he has three sons.of them is rich.三、復(fù)合不定代詞的用法(1)復(fù)合不定代詞 somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody 等是由 some , any ,no ,every,加上body, thing構(gòu)成的，叫做復(fù)合不定代詞，在句子中當(dāng)單數(shù)使用。(2)somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中； anything, anybody, anyone 一般用 于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。(3)如果要在疑問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求、建議等肯定的意思或者盼望得到肯定的答

5、復(fù)時(shí)，用somebody, someone 或 something。(4)修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞或不定式應(yīng)放在它們的后面。eg. he has nothing much to do today.他今天沒(méi)有多少事情做。lucy hasnt anything important to do. 露西沒(méi)有任何重要時(shí)做。四、疑難拓展1、few/a few/little/a little(1)后接名詞的不同。 和 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)， 和 后接不可數(shù)名詞。eg. there are new words in the text. 課文中有一些新單詞。can you speak english?你能說(shuō)一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)

6、嗎？(2)表示肯定意義和否定意義的區(qū)另1j。 和 表示肯定， 和 表示否定。eg. i have friends there. i often play with them.there is meat at home. let s buy some.2、other/others/the other/another(1) other表示“另一個(gè)”的意思，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，不獨(dú)立使用，通常修 飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。(2) others可獨(dú)立使用，無(wú)范圍限定。(3) other和others前面加定冠詞the時(shí)表示特指，不加 the表示泛指。the other表示 兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)，常用于句型on

7、ethe other，the others表示全部其余的人或物。eg. i have two brothers.is a doctor;is a teacher.he is always ready to help.five of them are in the classroom. what about?(4) another(另外一個(gè)，又一個(gè)),只能代替或修飾單數(shù)名詞，可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)， 不獨(dú)立使用。前面不加冠詞。eg. dont lose heart. have another try.(5) another后可以跟few或帶數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。eg. just think what

8、our town will be like in another few years.you d better stay in bed for another two weeks.3、部分否定及完全否定not與不定代詞all, both, every等表示全部意義的詞連用時(shí)構(gòu)成部分否定；若要表示完全否定，則需要換用none, neither, no等。練一練：翻譯下列句子。all of the students like the novel.not all of the students like the novel.all of the students don t like the nov

9、el.none of the students like the novel.4、all, both, each等用作同位語(yǔ)若用作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)可以是名詞或代詞；若用作賓語(yǔ)等其他成分的同位語(yǔ)，則賓語(yǔ)等成分必須是人稱代詞，而不能時(shí)名詞。eg. we all have read it.(all修飾的主語(yǔ)是代詞)the village all have been destroyed.(all 修飾的主語(yǔ)是名詞)they told us all to wait here.(all 修飾的賓語(yǔ)是代詞 )5、one和it的區(qū)別使用(1)it指代前面的某物。eg. where is my pen? i c

10、ant find it.(it 指代前面提到的那支筆 )(2)one可以指人，也可以指物。用來(lái)代替上文中提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞以及避免重復(fù)，其 復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。eg. your pen is so nice. i want to buy one like this.課堂演練一、 單選。1. the two fishermen saw in the sky while they were fishing by a river.a. something strange b. anything strange c. strange something d. strange anything2. -

11、is here? -no. bob and tim have asked for leave.a. anybody b. somebody c. everybody d. nobody3. -do you want tea or coffee? -.i really dont minda. both b. none c. either d. neither4. the old man has two sons .one is a soldier,is a worker.a. other b. the other c. others d. another5. there are shops on

12、 side of the street.of them do not close till 12 at night.a. both; all b. every; none c. either; some d. other; many6. there is not meat in my bowl. there is chicken in it.a. some; any b. any; some c. any; any d. some; some7. could you do for me, please?a. everything b. nothing c. something d. anyth

13、ing8. sorry, i cant answer your question. i know about the subject.a. a little b. little c. few d. a few9. -which would you like, a cup of tea or a glass of milk?, thanks. i think ill just have a glass of water.a. none b. neither c. both d. either10. tom shook his head and said to us there was in th

14、e classroom.a. anybody b. nobody c. somebody d. everybody11. could i have bottle of apple juice, please?a. another b. other c. some more d. second12. there are 25 techers in this grade. eight of them are women teachers and are menteachers.a. the other b. the others c. others d. other13. they were al

15、l tired, but of them took a rest.a. none b. all c. both d.either14. -we have red and yellow t-shirts. which colour do you like?-im afraid. i think blue will be ok.a. both b. either c. neither d. none15. -can i come this afternoon o tomorrow morning?-is ok. i m free today and tomorrow.a. either b. ne

16、ither c. both d. none二、按要求完成句子。1. both tom and tim are good at sports.（改為否定句）tom tim good at sports.2. i cant speak much english.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)化） i speak english.3. there is something wrong with his eyes.（改為般疑問(wèn)句） wrong with his eyes?4. this answer is right. that answer is also right （同義句轉(zhuǎn)化） this answer that

17、one are right.5. they havent visited the village. she hasnt visited the village either.（連成一句）三、下列句子中各有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正。1. it is very difficult, and a few people understand it.2. too many work has to be done. 3. why not buy any bread?4. anyone know how to do it.5. there is not nothing wrong with the radio

18、.i（1）tom broke a plate or a gold watch?it was sunday and tom was staying at home. after breakfast he went out into the garden and played quietly by himself. there were no kids around and he was used to （1） playing alone quietly. he played with bobby, the dog. he climbed up and down the tree. sometim

19、es a bird would come down to perch （ 2） on top of the doghouse. then tom would have the greatest fun （ 3） by throwing a stone or something at it. though he never made it, he did like doing this kind of thing.now tom had been in the garden for half an hour. suddenly a crack（ 4） was heard and thelittl

20、e boy began crying.whats the matter, tom? his mother looked through the kitchen （5）window. tom ran into the kitchen.mum, he sobbed （6. i broke bobby s plate. i didn t know it was so fragile （7）.his mother put her arms round him and said, don t feel so sad, tom. we have other plates for bobby. but ho

21、w did you break that one?“i threw it at a bird but missed, and it went straight to the plate.in tom s hand was his father; s gold pocket watch （8） !notes: （1） be used to 習(xí)慣于 （2） perch 停歇 （3） fun愛(ài)好 （4） crack 破碎聲 （5） kitchen 廚房 （6） sob/s抽泣（7） fragile易碎的（8） gold pocket watch 金懷表1 .when did the story ha

22、ppen?a. on a sunday afternoon. b. on a sunday morning. c. at noon. d. in the evening.2 .when a bird perched on top of the doghouse, toma. would like to play with itb. was very interested in it by throwing a stone at itc. would like to give it something to eatd. would smile3.there were no kids around

23、 and he was used to playing alone quietly. here kids means.a.menb.dogsc.childrend.birds4 .how long had tom been in the garden when his mother heard him cry?d.half an hour.a.an hour. b.a day. c.two hours.5 . “though he never made it meansa.though he couldn b. though he couldn c.though he couldn d.tho

24、ugh he couldnt hit a bird with a stone or somethingt catch the birdt have fun from the birdt eat the bird(2) the weatherin winter the weather in england is often very cold. in spring and autumn there are sometimes cold days, but there are also days when the weather is warm. the weather is usually wa

25、rm in summer. it is sometimes hot in summer, but it is not often very hot. there are often cool days in summer.when the temperature is over 27 c , english people say it is hot. when the temperature is about 21 c , they say it is warm.in the north of europe it is very cold in winter. in the south of

26、europe the summer is often very hot. in the south of spain (1) and in north africa (2) the summer is always hot.water freezes (3) at 0c . when water freezes, it changes from a liquid (4) into ice. water boils (5) at 100 c . when water boils, it changes from a liquid into steam ( 6).notes: (1) spain西

27、班牙(2) africa/非洲 (3) freeze結(jié)冰 (4) liquid液體 (5) boil沸騰;(水)開(kāi) (6) steam蒸汽1 .what is the weather like in summer in england?a.very hot. b.warm. c. cool. d.both a and c.2 .what do you think “the north of europe means?a.a part of a country. b. the capital of europe.c.a country in the north of europe. d.a part of europe. 3.when water freezes, it changes from into.a. water, ice b.water, steam c. steam, ice d.ice, water 4.the writer wants to tell us something about.a. the weather in europeb. the weather in englandc. some knowledge of t