2011年高考英語閱讀理解分類匯編之社會生活類

1、2011高考英語閱讀理解分類匯編之社會生活類1. （2011 天津卷）dblind imitation （模仿）is self-destruction.to those who do not recognize their unique worth. imitation appears attractive: to those who know their strenghth. imitation is unacceptable.in the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. when i

2、 first learnedto cook, i used recipes （菜譜）and turned out some tasty dishes. but soon i grew bored. why follow someone else ;s way of cooking when i could create my own? imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balan

3、ce, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.in daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously （ 下意識地 ）hold poor role models. if, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. if you do

4、 not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.in the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. those stars look great on screen.but when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. if you are going to follow someone,

5、focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.blessed is the person willing to act on their sundden desire to create somrthing unique.thinkof the movies,books,teachers,and friends that have affected you most deeply.they touched you because their creations were motivated by

6、 inspiration,not desperation.the world is changed not by those who do what has been done brfore them,but by those who do what has been done inside them.creative people have an endless resource of ideas.the problem a creator faces is not running out of material;it is what to do with the material knoc

7、king at the door of imagination.syudy your role models,accept the gifts they have given,and leave behind what does not server.then you can say,“ stand on the shoulders of my ancestors tragedies and tory ,and know that they are cheering on.51.imitation proves useful when youa.know you are uniqueb.los

8、e the bslance of lifec.begin to learn something newd.get tired of routine practice52 . to avoid the bad result of imitation, we should.a. forget daily fear and painb. choose the right examplec. ask others for decisionsd. stay away from stars53 .acording to the author. the world moves on because of t

9、hose who are .a. desperate to intruence others with their knowledgeb. ready to turn their original ideas into realityc. eager to discover what their ancestors didd. willing to accept others ideas54 .the trouble a creator faces is .a. the lack of strong motivationb. the absence of practical ideasc. h

10、ow to search for more materialsd. how to use imagination creatively55 . what is the author s purpose in writing this passage?a. to highlight the importance of creatively.b. to criticize the characters of role models.c. to compare imitation with creation.d. to explain the meaning of success. cbbda2.

11、（2011 天津卷）can idea that started in seattles public library has spread throughout america and beyond. the concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same tome.in addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit （ 追求）to be enjoyed by al

12、l, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. the idea came from seattle librarian nancy pearl who launched （發(fā)起）the if all of seattle read the same book project in 1998. her origin

13、al program used author visits,study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other american cities, and even to hong kong.in chicago, the mayor（市長）appeared on television to announce the choice of to kill a mockingbird as the firs

14、t book in the one book, one chicago program. as a result, reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city. across the us, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.the only problem arose in

15、new york ,where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. this may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns,where a greater sense of unity（ 致） can be achieved .or it may show that new yorkers rather missed the point ,putting a

16、ll their energyand passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.ultinatel was nancy points out,the level of sucicess is not meastured by how many people read a book,but by how many people are enriched by the process.or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they

17、 would not otherwise have shared a word.46 .what is the purpose of the project launched by nancy?a.to invite authors to guide readers.b.to encourage people to read and share.c.to involve people in communnity service.d.to promote the friendship between cities.47 .why was it difficult for new yorkers

18、to carry out the projict?a.they had little interest in reading.b.they were too busy to read a book.c.they came from many different backgroundsd.they lacked support from the locat government48 .according to the passage,where would the project be more easily carried out?a.in large communities with lit

19、tle sense of unityb.in large cities where libraries are far from homec.in medium-sized cities with a diverse populationd.in large towns where agreement can be quickly reached用心愛心專心-3 -49.the underlined wordsshared a wordin paragraph 5 probably mean用心愛心專心- 7 -a.exchanged ideas with each otherb.discus

20、sed the meaning of a wordc.gamed life experienced.used the same language50.according to nacy,the degree of students of the project is judged bya. the careful selection of a proper bookb. the growing popularity of the writersc.the number of people who benefit from reading.d.the number of books that e

21、ach person reads. bcdac3. （2011 重慶卷）eskeptics are a stange lot. some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. the “ecguilt brou

22、ght on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.perhaps that explain why a new book by bjorn lomborg received so much publicity. that book, the skeptical environmentalist, declares that it measures the “ real s

23、tate of the worldas fine. of” course, another explanation is the deep pockets some big businesses with special intererts. indeed, mr. lomborg s views are similar to those of some industryfunded organizations, which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like global

24、 warming.so it was strange to see mr. lomborg s book go largely unchallenged in the media though hisbeliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. one national newspaper in canada ran a numberof articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that“ after lomboenvironmental

25、 movement will begin to die down.”such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. but only a different review appeared in nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. the review remarked that mr. lomborg s a preference for unexamined materials is incredibet 的 ）”。a cri

26、tical （批判的） eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a waythat could allow people to make informed decisions. unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. people might become half-blind before a world

27、partially exhibited by the media. that as shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.72. according to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as“ skeptics ”?a. people who agree on the popularity of-gu“ilt ec”.ob. people who disb

28、elieve the serious situation of our planet.c. people who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.d. people who spread comforting news to protect our environment.73. which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of lomborg s books?a. some big businesses intend to protect their own

29、interests.b. the book challenges views about the fine state of the wirld.c. the author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.d. industry funded media present confusing information.74. the author mentioned the review in nature in order to.a. voice a different opinionb. find fault with lombor

30、g s bookc. challenge the authority of the mediad. point out the value of scientific views.75. what is the author s main purpose in writing thaegpea?ssa. to encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.b. to warn the public of the danger of half -blindness with reviews.c. to blame the media s lack o

31、f responsibpirlietyseinnting information.d. to show the importance of presenting overall information by the media. baad4. （2011 安徽卷）bthink about the different ways that people use the wind. you can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources （來源） , a

32、s well as one of the oldest. evidence shows that windmills （風車） began to be used in ancient iran back in the seventh centurybc. they were first introduced to europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the middle east with knowledge of using wind power.for many centuries, people used windmill

33、s to grind（磨碎） wheat into flour or pump waterfrom deep underground. when electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. this allowed them to have electric lights and radio. however, by the 1940s, when electricity was available to

34、 people in almost all areas of the united states, windmills were rarely used.during the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. people also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. then,

35、 wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.【文章大意】本文介紹了風能及風能運用的情況。在能源短缺的今天，作為最為潔凈、豐富 的風能，一定會對我們的生活作出極大的貢獻。60. from the text we know that windmills.a. were invented by european armiesb. have

36、 a history of more than 2800 yearsc. used to supply power to radio in remote areasd. have rarely been used since electricity was discovered【解析】選c。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段句子可知，十九世紀末有了電之后，偏僻地區(qū)的人 們就利用風車發(fā)電，于是人們就有了電燈和收音機，因此選擇c項。根據(jù)windmills began tobe used in ancient iran back in the seventh century bc 可知， a 項錯誤， b 項錯

37、在 more than; 根據(jù)末段句子可知，盡管成本較高，人們依然使用風能提供電力，因此 d項錯誤。61. what was a new use for wind power in the late l9th century?a. sailing a boat.b. producing electricity.c. grinding wheat into flour.d. pumping water from underground.【解析】選b。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段句子可知，人們最初利用風車磨面或抽水，十九世 紀末有了電之后，人們又用其發(fā)電，因此選擇b項。62. one of the re

38、asons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is thata. wind power is cleanerb. it is one of the oldest power sourcesc. it was cheaper to create energy from windd. the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs【解析】選ao推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，二十世紀七十年代，人們注重環(huán)保，而且認識到煤和氣的短缺；而風能的特點是潔凈、豐富和歷史悠久，但是成本較高。綜合選擇a 項最佳。63. what

39、would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?a. the advantage of wind power.b. the design of wind power plants.c. the worldwide movement to save energy.d. the global trend towards producing power from wind.【解析】 選 d。 推理判斷題。 根據(jù)末段句子today, there is a global movement to supply more and

40、more of our electricity through the use of wind 可知， 接下來作者應該談論利用風能發(fā)電的情 況，因此選擇 d 項。5. （2011 山東卷）cdiana jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. then her husband lost

41、 his job, and the plan fell apart.“ i have two kids in college, and i want to say come home, but at the same time i want to provithem with a good education, ” says jacobs.the jacobs family did work out a solution: they asked and received more aid from the schools, and each son increased his borrowin

42、g to the maximum amount through the federal loan （貸款 ） program. they will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school.with unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the jacobs. more students are applying for aid, and m

43、ore families expect to need student loans. college administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.at the same time, tuition （學費） continues to rise. a report from the national center for public policy and higher education found that college tuition and fees increas

44、ed 439% from 1982 to 2007,while average family income rose just 147%. student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade,“iwe go on this way for another 25years, we won thave an affordable system of higher education, says patrick m. callan, president of the center. themiddle class families h

45、ave been financing it through debt. they will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt. ”financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. the good news

46、, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.謳 according to paragrapi- did the plan of jacobs family fail? - -a. the twins wastedtoc much mone/rb the father was out of work.c. their saving ran out.d

47、. the family fell apart.67 . how did the jacobs manage to solve their problem?a. they asked their kids to come home.b. they borrowed $20,000 from the school.c. they encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.d. they got help from the school and the federal government.68 . financial aid administ

48、rators believe that.a. more families will face the same problem as the jacobsesb. the government will receive more letters of complaintc. college tuition fees will double soond. america s unemployment will fall69 .what can we learn about the middle class families from the text?a. they blamed the gov

49、ernment for the tuition increase.b. their income remained steady in the last decade.c. they will try their best to send kids to college.d. their debts will be paid off within 25 years.70 .according to the last paragraph, the government will .a. provide most students will scholarshipsb. dismiss some

50、financial aid administratorsc. stop the companies from making student loansd. go on providing financial support for college students【解析】:66-70:bdacd【語篇解讀】本文介紹了今年學生貸款增多給家庭帶來的壓力和大學學費的不斷增加的 社會問題，提出政府對之做出的回應。66.b.推理判斷題。第一段提到diana jacobs的家庭本來有一個可行的計劃可以支付兩個雙胞胎兒子的大學費用，可由于丈夫的失業(yè)計劃瓦解了。67.d.推理判斷題。第三段指出解決方案solu

51、tion是向學校索求更多的援助，每個兒子增力口貸款至u最大額度。如原文 “ they asked and received more aid from the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan （ 貸款）program., 也即 是選項bo68. a。細節(jié)推斷題。由第四段“ expect to hear more families like the jacobs ”可以得知 財政援 助的管理員們預期會看到更多像jacobs一家的情況，同義轉換即

52、選項 a。而bd原文沒有提到，c 從第五段student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade ，可知在過去 10 年里 已經(jīng)長了一倍還多，因此是錯的。69. c。推理判斷題。從第六段最后一句話 they will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.可知，無論需要什么他們都會送孩子去上大學，即使那意 味著大筆的債務。70. d。細節(jié)推斷題。由最后一段可知許多公司做出決定說學生貸款利潤股溝因此不再做貸款，

53、而好消息是聯(lián)邦政府承擔著四分之三的學生貸款。因此推斷是d,政府將繼續(xù)承擔對大學生的資金援助。6. (2011 -江西卷)cthe garden city was largely the invention of ebenezer howard (1850-1928). after immigrating form england to the usa, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city

54、 after the disastrous fire of 1871. in those days, it was nicknamed “ thegarden city “almost certainly the source of howard name for his later building plan of towns. returning to london, howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating

55、 a unique combination of designs.the nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. at the same time, the british countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered f

56、rom agricultural depression（蕭條）and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. howard s idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. howard s idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a

57、garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. they would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also ow

58、ned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. as more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would