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1、1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí) (1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的概念、結(jié)構(gòu)以及用法 一般過(guò)去時(shí)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、 反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式,常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yesterday 昨天、last night 昨晚、last week 上周、last year 去年,等。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在句子中由主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式來(lái)表 達(dá)。 1. He walks to school.( 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) 2. He walked to school.( 一般過(guò)去時(shí)) 例1.中的動(dòng)詞 walks時(shí)現(xiàn)在式,由于主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)he,因此原因的walk必

2、須加上 “ s” ,表示目前習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作??勺g為“他現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常步行上 學(xué)”。 例2.中的動(dòng)詞walked是過(guò)去式,過(guò)去式是敘述過(guò)去事情的動(dòng)詞形式,所以這句話(huà)時(shí) 表示的是過(guò)去的某時(shí),例如昨天、上周或?qū)W生時(shí)代等過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間,這句可譯為“他曾經(jīng) 步行上學(xué)”。 (2) 般過(guò)去時(shí)的幾種結(jié)構(gòu) 1. be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 am與 is的過(guò)去式是 was are的過(guò)去式是 were be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)的句型如下: 肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(was were ) 否定句:主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(was, were ) + not 疑問(wèn)句:be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(was, were ) +主語(yǔ)? OHe was

3、 busy yesterday.( 肯定句)他昨天很忙。 O He was not busy yesterday.( 否定句)他昨天不忙。 OWas he busy yesterday?( 疑問(wèn)句)他昨天忙嗎? (1) be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句 Mike was in the Uni ted States last year.麥克去年在美國(guó)。 be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式:There is (are )的句型用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)需把is , ar e變?yōu)樗鼈兊倪^(guò)去式:There was (were) (2) be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的否定句 He was not in Ca nada last year.他去年不在

4、加拿大。 be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)和現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣,只要在be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(was, were )后 面加上n ot就可以了。否定式的 was not , were n ot大多使用縮寫(xiě)形式 was nt和were n t . I wasn t busy the other day.前幾天我不 忙。 (3) be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句(一般疑問(wèn)句) Was it raining in Beiji ng yesterday? Yes, it was. No, it wasn t. I t was cloudy. 昨天北京下雨了嗎? 是的,下了 不,沒(méi)下雨。昨天北京陰天。 be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)

5、構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣,只要把be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 was, w ere調(diào)到主語(yǔ)前面即可。 was (were ) + 主語(yǔ)?回答時(shí),需要用 Yes,was (were). 或 Ncwasn t (weren t) Was your father free this morning?今天上午你爸爸有空嗎? Yes, he was .是的,他有空。No, he wasn t . 不,他沒(méi)空。 練習(xí)題 一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I at school just now. 2. He at the camp last week. 3. We stude nts two years ago. 4.

6、They on the farm a mome nt ago. 5. Yang Ling eleve n years old last year. 6. There an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There some milk in the fridge on Sun day. 8. The mobile phone on the sofa yesterday evening. 2. 一般動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí) 一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的基本句型如下: 肯定句: 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 否定句: 主語(yǔ)+ did not +動(dòng)詞原形 疑問(wèn)句:Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形 ? 肯定句

7、)他上周打網(wǎng)了。 O He played tennis last week.( O He did not play tennis last week. (否定句) 上周他沒(méi)打網(wǎng)球。 O Did he play tennis last week? (疑問(wèn)句) 上周他打網(wǎng)球了嗎? 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 1一般情況下,在動(dòng)詞原形后面加 look t looked play t played -edo start t started visit t visitedpull-pulled, cook-cook ed 2. 以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加 live t lived use t used t

8、aste-tasted 3. 以輔音字母+ y 纟吉尾的動(dòng)詞,先將y -d。 改為i ,再加-edo study t studied try t tried fly t flied 4. 以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+兀音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞, 要先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母后,再加 -edo stop t stopped plan t planned prefer t preferred 那么什么是重讀閉音節(jié)? 必須是重讀音節(jié) 以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾 元音字母發(fā)短音 總結(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)就是:一元一輔,又重又短 例子:beg drag drop drip (滴下) 5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式需特殊記憶

9、。 (1) 把動(dòng)詞原形中的i改為a,變成過(guò)去式。如: beginbegan , drink drank , give gave, ring rang , sing sang, sitsat, swim swam (2) 把重讀開(kāi)音節(jié) 中的i改為o,變成過(guò)去式。如: drive drove, ride rode,write wrote (3) 改動(dòng)詞原形中的aw /ow為ew,變成過(guò)去式。如: draw drew , grow grew , know knew , throw threw (動(dòng)詞 show 除夕卜, show showed) (4) 動(dòng)詞原形中的e改為o,變成過(guò)去式。如: get

10、 got, forget forgot (5) 動(dòng)詞原形中的ee改為e,變成過(guò)去式。如: feedfed, meet met (6) 動(dòng)詞原形中的eep改為ept ,變成過(guò)去式。如: keep kept , sleep slept , sweep swept (7) 動(dòng)詞原形中的eak改為oke ,變成過(guò)去式。如: breakbroke , speak spoke (8) 動(dòng)詞原形中的ell改為old ,變成過(guò)去式。如: sell sold , tell told (9) 動(dòng)詞原形中的an改為oo,變成過(guò)去式。如: sta nd stood , un dersta ndun derstood

11、(10) 以ought和aught結(jié)尾,且讀音是:t的過(guò)去式。如: bring brought , buy bought , think thought, catch caught , teach taught (11 )以ould結(jié)尾且讀音為ud的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 過(guò)去式。如: can could , shall should , will would (12) 把動(dòng)詞原形中的 o改為a,變成過(guò)去式。如: come came , become became (13) 在動(dòng)詞原形后加 d或t變成過(guò)去式,并且發(fā)生音變。如: hear heard , meanmeant (14) 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與動(dòng)詞原形一

12、樣。如: letlet , must must , putput , read read , costcost , cut cut , hit hit , put put , hurt hurt (15) 不符合上述規(guī)律的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。如: am , is was ,are were ,build built ,do did ,eat ate , fall fell,feel felt, find found , fly flew ,gowent ,have / has had ,hold held ,leave left, make made ,may might, runran ,see s

13、aw ,take took ,say said 昨天我們過(guò)得很愉快。 昨天他過(guò)得很高興。 1. 一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的肯定句 We had a good time yesterday. He had a good time yesterday. 般過(guò)去時(shí)沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。因此,主語(yǔ)即使是單數(shù)、第三人稱(chēng),也和其他人稱(chēng) 一樣化。 OI watched TV for an hour.我看了一個(gè)小時(shí)的電視。 O She studied Russia n two years ago.兩年前他學(xué)俄語(yǔ)。 2. 一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句 We did not have a good time yesterday.昨

14、天我們過(guò)得不好。 一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)夠定句的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,不論主語(yǔ)是第幾人 稱(chēng),還是單、復(fù)數(shù),在主語(yǔ)后面加上 did not(而不是do not ,或does not )就可以了。 否定式did not常用縮寫(xiě)形式didn t 。 OHe didn t have classes this morning.今天上午他沒(méi)課 . OYou didn t do your best to do it.你沒(méi)有盡力去做。 3. 一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句 Did he go there?他去那了嗎? Yes, he did. (No, he didn t .)是的,他去了。(不,他沒(méi)去。) W

15、hen did you get up this morni ng?At six.今天早晨你幾點(diǎn)鐘起床 的?六點(diǎn)鐘。 一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是 第幾人稱(chēng),單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù),在主語(yǔ)前面加上did即可。 O Did Tom go with you?湯姆和你一起去的嗎? Yes, he did . (No, he didn t .)是的。(不,不是的) O How many subjects did you study last term?上學(xué)期你們學(xué)習(xí)幾門(mén)功課? We studied seve n. 我們學(xué)習(xí)七門(mén)課。 比較一般動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí) 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

16、一般過(guò)去時(shí) 肯定句 I go .He goes .I went .He went . 否定句I don t go .He doesn t go .I didn t go .H e didn t go . 疑問(wèn)句 Do you go ? Does he go ? Did you go ? Did h e go ? (3)般過(guò)去時(shí)的幾種用法 1.帶有確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用過(guò)去時(shí) 女口: yesterday ( 昨天),two days ago (兩天前),last year(去年).,the o ther day (前幾天),once upon a time (過(guò)去曾經(jīng)) ,just now(

17、剛才),in the old days (過(guò)去的日子里),before liberation(解放前),when I was 8 years old (當(dāng)我 八歲時(shí)) 2. 表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。常與always, never等連用。 O Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一把傘。(只是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著 傘。) O Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是帶著傘。 (說(shuō)明這是她的習(xí)慣,表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘。) 3. 有些句子,雖然沒(méi)有表

18、示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),但實(shí)際上是指過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存 在的狀態(tài)的話(huà),也要用過(guò)去時(shí),這一點(diǎn),我們要特別注意。 OI didn t know you were in Pairs.我不知道你在巴黎。(因?yàn)樵谡f(shuō)話(huà)時(shí),我已經(jīng) 知道你在巴黎了。這句話(huà)指的是說(shuō)話(huà)前,所以只能用過(guò)去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上,這句話(huà)暗指:B ut now I know you are here. ) OI thought you were ill.我以為你病了呢。(這句話(huà)應(yīng)是在說(shuō)話(huà)前,我以為你病了, 但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒(méi)病。) 練習(xí)題 一、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空 1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. T

19、he cat (eat) a bird last ni ght. 3. We (have) a party last Hallowee n. 4 4. Nancy (pick) up oran ges on the farm last week. 5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE less on. 7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls (da nee) at the party last ni ght. 9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week. 10. you (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 11. he (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he . 12. Gao Shan (put) up the picture last night. 13. I (sweep) the floor yesterday. 14. 14. What she (find) in the garden last mor

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