英語學(xué)習(xí)基本句到復(fù)雜句(定語從句-狀語從句-賓語從句)

1、簡單句和復(fù)合句一、 從簡單詞到復(fù)合句主語 句子充當(dāng)主語 主語從句賓語 句子充當(dāng)賓語 賓語從句 句詞性從句表語 句子充當(dāng)表語 表語從句同位語 句子充當(dāng)同位語 同位語從句 三大類基本從句定語 句子充當(dāng)定語 定語從句狀語 句子充當(dāng)狀語 狀語從句Example:技術(shù)類型：1. I really need to learn how to concentrate/focus on one thing at a time to improve the efficiency of the work The goal of the code change on PE load line was that the

2、re is no code change in the CI package built.2. Assuming that MSRN keeps unchanged as long as it stays in the same VLR area, a copy of MSRN can be held on HLR and only needs to be updated when the UE moves to a new VLR area.3. Calls that were still in the alerting state or on hold were not transferr

3、ed. Calls where the subscriber was the controller of a conference call may still be transferred per the 3GPP procedures, however, the fact that the subscriber may be the controller for a conference was not known to the MSC, so the decision to allow such a call to be transferred would be up to the SC

4、C AS. 4. Upon receipt of a SIP INFO, if the body has the Content-Type header containing application/vnd.3gpp.state-and-event-info+xml and a XML body compliant to the XML schema specified in the TS 24.237 Section D.2 with the state-info XML element containing early and direction XML element containin

5、g initiator, the WCS shall perform the followings.5. She didnt realize the fact.（The girl who was taken care of by her grandmother）I didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.二.賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞有：連詞：that (that ?？墒÷?,whether, if代詞：who, whose, what ,which副詞：when ,where,

6、how, why 等。（一）that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（在非正式場合that可以省略）可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy

7、 believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事項：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。例句：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情況中that不能省略1. 當(dāng)句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，第一個that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to u

8、nderstand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.2. 當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3. 當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that不可省。例句：I cant tell him that his mother died.注意事項：許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，th

9、at引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語。例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.只能用whether，不能用if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1. 在帶t

10、o的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there.2. 在介詞的后面例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.3. 在動詞后面的賓語從句時例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week4. 直接與or not連用時例句：I cant say whether or not thet can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1. if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”例句：The students

11、 will go on a picnic if it is sunny.2. if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.3. 引導(dǎo)狀語從句even if（即使）和as if（好象）時例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.（三）連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out

12、, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。英語中的連接代詞有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?英語中的連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.（四）賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即：連接代詞/副詞+

13、主語+謂語+其他成分。例句如下：1. I dont know what they are looking for.2. Could you tell me when the train will leave?3. Can you imagine what kind of man he is?（五）賓語從句的時態(tài)1. 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)實際情況使用任何時態(tài)。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2. 主句是過去時態(tài)，從句須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her wo

14、rk on time.3. 當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.（六）賓語從句的特點1. 賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。2. 賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。3. 連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句在句中無詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成份，多數(shù)情況下可以省略。4. whether 和 if 都可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但 whether后可緊跟or not；whether從句可作介詞的賓語。5. 如果從句太長，可以用形式賓語it.三

15、 狀語從句用法狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類,分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多,但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點。 現(xiàn)分別列舉如下:1、時間狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引導(dǎo)詞:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the in

16、stant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果園) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it be

17、gan to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2、地點狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:where特殊引導(dǎo)詞:wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3、原因狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:because, since, as, for特殊引導(dǎo)詞:seeing that, now that, in that,

18、 considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much asMy friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no

19、more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4、目的狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:so that, in order that特殊引導(dǎo)詞:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his v

20、oice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5、結(jié)果狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:so that, so that, such that,特殊引導(dǎo)詞:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an de

21、gree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night.6、條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:if, unless,特殊引導(dǎo)詞:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatWell start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that ther

22、e is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7、讓步狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:though, although, even if, even though特殊引導(dǎo)詞: as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal

23、.盡管我很尊敬他, 我卻不同意他的建議。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.8、比較狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞:the more the more ; just as , so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more th

24、an; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,猶如油之于機器。9、方式狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:as, as if, how特殊引導(dǎo)詞:the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she wer

25、e the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.四. 定語從句：定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。 關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。 18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)

26、系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語） 2) Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。 3）which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語） The package