【新上海牛津版】2015-2016初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit4知識(shí)點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法精講精練

1、 世紀(jì)金榜 圓您夢(mèng)想 八年級(jí)下 unit 4 cartoons and comic strips 一、短語(yǔ)歸納：1.comic strip 連環(huán)漫畫(huà)2.pop out 張大，睜大3.decide on 決定4.video camera 攝像機(jī)5.play against 同比賽6.weather forecast 天氣預(yù)報(bào)7.thank goodness 謝天謝地8.make it 獲得成功9.think of 考慮，想起，記得 what do you think of .？ 10.have a good idea 有個(gè)好主意11.think about 思考，考慮

2、12.add.to.把添加到13.sound effects 音響效果14.at the underground station 在地鐵站15.look like 看上去像16.put.together 把放在一起17.the same as 與相同18.be different from 與不同19.a pair of 一雙20.at the top of 在頂部21.look out=take care=be careful 當(dāng)心22.pick up 撿起23.in trouble 在困境中二、重點(diǎn)詞匯：1.appear+(to be )+adj. she appears (to be)

3、happy at the news. 她聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)顯得很開(kāi)心。appear +to do sth you appear to travel quite a lot. 你好像走過(guò)很多地方。2. a bit of = a little 3.be ready to do sth. be/get ready for sth. 4.the same as和一樣 be different from 和不同5.look,sound,taste,smell,feel連系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。6 .in trouble 在困境中 have trouble with sb./sth.某人/某物有毛病 get

4、into trouble 惹上麻煩 have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻煩 take the trouble to do sth. 費(fèi)力做某事7.succeed in doing 做成某事8.laugh at sb.嘲笑某人9.tell sb. sth. 告訴某人某事 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人做某事10.be used to do 被用來(lái)做 used to do 過(guò)去常常做 be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做三、知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解與拓展：1. character：n. 人物、角色yue fei is a great histori

5、cal character.2. think of 考慮、思考im thinking of going to paris for vacation.拓展：think of：想起、記起 i cant think of his name. think of：對(duì)有某種看法，常用于“what do you think of”句型中 what do you think of the book？3. add to& add toadd to把加到上please add some salt to the water.add to添加，增添（歡樂(lè)、困難等抽象名詞）do you have anything to

6、 add to the list?4. record v. 錄音ive recorded the whole concert.拓展：record n. 記錄 set the record創(chuàng)造記錄 break the record打破記錄 hold the record保持記錄5. decide on 決定、選定what made you decide on plan a?6. basic adj. 基礎(chǔ)的，基本的拓展：base basis (n.)基礎(chǔ) basic (adj.)基本的 basically (adv,)基本上7. here it is.以here和there開(kāi)頭的句子，若后面的主

7、語(yǔ)為人稱代詞，主謂不倒裝；若后面的主語(yǔ)為名詞，主謂倒裝。here you are. 給你。here comes the bus. 公共汽車來(lái)了。8. forget v. 忘記forget to do忘記要做某事（動(dòng)作沒(méi)發(fā)生）i forget to turn off the light.forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）i forget opening the door.9. look like 看上去像tom looks like his father.拓展：提問(wèn)長(zhǎng)相： what do/ dose sb. look like? 提問(wèn)性格： what is sb. like?10

8、. appear v. 顯得，看來(lái)，似乎a woman suddenly appeared in the doorway.拓展：appear （to be）+ adj./ n. she appears (to be) happy at the news. appear to do sth. you appear to travel quite a lot.11. a little & a bit1) 兩者都可以作副詞用，用來(lái)修飾形容詞（原級(jí)或比較級(jí)），或動(dòng)詞。 im a little/ bit hungry.2) 用作形容詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而a bit后面加of再加不

9、可數(shù)名詞。 theres a little water.= theres a bit of water.12. be ready to do sth. 已完成某事，準(zhǔn)備好做某事the contract will be ready to sign in two weeks.拓展：be/ get ready for sth. 為做好準(zhǔn)備 are you ready for your teast?13. as well as 并且，還。用來(lái)連接并列成分。連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前一主語(yǔ)保持一致。she is clever as well as beautiful.14. how to do 疑問(wèn)詞

10、+ to doi dont know how to do it.拓展：what to do做什么 where to go去哪里 why to do為什么做15. dont+ 動(dòng)詞原形.否定祈使句，意為“不要，禁止” dont play jokes on me, will you?16. the same as 和一樣the twins look the same as each other.拓展：be different from 與不同 london was different from most european capitals.17. look 連系動(dòng)詞，意為“看起來(lái)，看上去”，厚街形

11、容詞作表語(yǔ)。alice looks happy today.拓展：連系動(dòng)詞還有：:be(是), look(看起來(lái)), feel(摸上去), seem(似乎是), appear(似乎、顯得), prove(證明是), smell(聞起來(lái)), taste(嘗起來(lái)), sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))等18. let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事在let引導(dǎo)的祈使句中，sb可以是名詞，也可以說(shuō)代詞的賓格。 let him go.let是使役動(dòng)詞，常用的使役動(dòng)詞還有：make，have，leave等。 they made me repeat the story.19. a pair of+ 不可數(shù)名詞/

12、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) a pair of shoes20. look out= pay attention to 當(dāng)心、注意look out！there is a car coming！拓展：look out of 向外看 she stopped writing and looked out of the window.21. pick up 撿起，拾起she pick up a flower on the road.拓展：pick up sth. 撿起某物，當(dāng)sth.是人稱代詞的賓格時(shí)，放在pick之后，如：pick it up。當(dāng)sth.是名詞時(shí)，可以放在pick up中間或up之后，如：pic

13、k the pen up= pick up the pen。22. in trouble 在困境中hes in trouble, lets help him.拓展：與trouble相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：get into trouble惹上麻煩 have trouble（in）doing sth.做某事有困難23. success n. 成功i wish you success with your studies.拓展：succeed v. 成功。succeed in doing sth. successful adj. 成功的。 his business is successful.24. tell s

14、b sth. 告訴某人某事 he told me the reason.tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事 the teacher told him to clean the classroom.tell sb. not to do sth. 告訴某人不做某事 he told us not to buy clothes in this store.25. laugh at 嘲笑dont laugh at him, please.練習(xí)：1.whatdoyou_yourhometown?itisverybeautiful.iloveitverymuch.a. lookat b.

15、 talkabout c. thinkof d. thinkover2.wheniwasinthesupermarket,iforgot_moneywithme.a.totake b.totaking c. taking d. bringing3.couldyougivemesomeadvice?idontknow_.whydontyouwearthisredshirt?a.whentowearb.whattowear c.howtoweard.wheretowear4.mostofmyclassmatesdontliketotalktoteirparents,butiam_them.a.di

16、fferentfromb.surprisedat c. thesameasd. proudof5.wheresyourticket?show_,please. a.meit b.itme c.metoit d.ittome6.-tom,_readbookswhileyouarewalkinginthestreet.itsverydangerous.-ok,thankyou.a. dont b. doesnt c. wont d. cant7.he_apieceofwastepaper,andputitintotherubbishbag.a. pickedupb. threwawayc. loo

17、kedford. handedin8.itsureourfootballteamwill_thismatch.werethebest.a. winb. failc. losed. beat9.ourteacheroftentellsus_intheriver.itsdangerous.a. dontswimb. notswimc. nottoswimd. notswimming10.thankstotheinternet,differentkindsofinformation_inashorttime.a.canbelearnedb.hasbeenlearnedc.canlearnd.hasl

18、earned五、語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（2）一. 概念：表示動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系的句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。二. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之間如何轉(zhuǎn)換 we visited that factory last summer 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)that factory was visited by us last summer 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)三. 各種不同時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的對(duì)比時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am / is / are + p.p.（1）do they speak french ?（2）they dont use the room .is french spoken

19、 by them?the room isnt used by them.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was / were + p.p.（1）the hunter killed a tiger .（2）he wrote many stories last year .a tiger was killed by the hunter.many stories was written by him last year.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am / is / are +being +p.p.(1)these workers are building a new bridge. （2）he is mending his car .

20、a new bridge is being built by these workers. his car is being mended by him .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was / were + being + p.p.(1)he was selling books .(2)they were discussing the plan at that time .books were being built by him . the plan was being discussed by them at that time .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have / has + been + p. p.(1)she

21、has learned many english words.(2)he has finished the work.many english words have been learned by her . the work has been finished by him . 過(guò)去完成時(shí)had + been + p.p.(1)they has solved the problem .(2)we had told him the news by then . the problem had been solved by them . the news had been told to him

22、 by us .一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall / will be + p.p.（1）i shall make a plan . (2)they are going to fix the radio in an hour.a plan will be made by me . the radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would be + p.p.was/ were going to be + p.p.（1）he told me they would paint the room . （2）they were going to put

23、 on a play the next week . he told me the room would be painted by them. a play was going to be put by them the next week.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can / may / must / should + be + p.p.（1）we should hand in our homework .（2）you must answer the question in english .our homework should be handed in by us.the question must b

24、e answered in english by you .四. 如何正確使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 有些動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可把其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)留在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)謂語(yǔ)后面。需要注意的是：若把直接賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，需要在間接賓語(yǔ)之間加上介詞“to”。eg. he often tells us interesting stories . （主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 常帶雙賓語(yǔ)的詞有：tell , show , lend , pass等。2. 在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，某些動(dòng)詞之后帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，即賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)充當(dāng)，to被省略，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，這

25、個(gè)to還要還原。eg. i often hear her sing this popular song . （主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） she is often heard to sing this popular song .（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 有這種用法的常用動(dòng)詞有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。3. 有些“be +過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，它們可能是“系表結(jié)構(gòu)（即系動(dòng)詞之后由過(guò)去分詞來(lái)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)）?！?.比較：1. 4. 只有及物動(dòng)詞和可有賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞+介詞詞組才可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。eg： 五、不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1. 不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)

26、語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：appear，rise，die，happen，break out，take place等2. 表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：hold，have，cost，contain，become，look like等3. 某些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示被動(dòng)，如：the meat is cooking. 肉正在煮著。4. 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。1) 某些感官動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞接形容詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義，如：look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等。 eg：her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.2) 動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：wan

27、t，deserve，need，require，take，worth等。the book is worth reading. 這本書(shū)值得讀。the children need looking after. 孩子們需要照顧。3) 某些做表語(yǔ)的形容詞后，用不定式主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。the conversation is hard to understand. 這個(gè)對(duì)話很難理解。the fish is not easy to fish. 魚(yú)不容易上鉤。the passage is difficult to read. 這段文章很難讀懂。練習(xí)：1. the mobile phone has influe

28、nced peoples life a lot since it _.a. invents b. invented c. is invented d. was invented 2. this listening material, together with its cd-roms, _well.a. sellsb. sellc. is soldd. are sold3. the sports meeting _next month.a. will hold b. is going to hold c. will be held4. excuse me. im looking for be

29、the best of yourself. sorry. the book you ask for_ out.a. is selling b. is sold c. was selling d. will be sold5. annie _ to the party. she had a wonderful time with us. a. invites b. is invited c. was invited d. has invited6. many houses _ in the earthquake of april 20, 2013 in yaan.a. is destroyed

30、b. are destroyed c was destroyed d. were destroyed7. han hans books are popular. they _ by many teenagers.a. is read b. was read c. are read d. were read8. teenagers _allowed to drive.a. should not be b. should be not c. not should be9. at present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.

31、 more chances _ to students to learn from each other. a. offer b. are offered c. have offered d. are offering 10. i want to borrow the book, but i dont know how long it may _. for two weeks.a. keepb. be borrowedc. borrowd. be kept11. many trees _ on the streets every years. so the air is very fresh

32、now. a. plant b. are planted c. planted d. were planted12. didnt you see the sign no parking! on the right? sorry, i didnt. but now i know parking _ here.a. wasnt allowed b. isnt allowed c. wont allow d. doesnt allow13. from may 6, pedestrians(行人) _10 yuan if they run red lights, according to beijin

33、g traffic authorities. a. will fine b. were fined c. are fine d. will be fined14.what languages _ in that country? german and englisha. are speaking b. are spoken c. speak d. is spoken15. a year has four seasons and it _ twelve different star signs. a. divided into b. is dividing into c. divided int

34、o d is divided into16. the child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. a. is taken b. are taken c. take d. takes 17. clark, your room is really in a mess. it needs _ sorry, mum. ill do it at once. a. clean b. cleaned c. to clean d. to be cleaned18. “frog”， mo yans la

35、test novel, please! sorry, it _ just now. but it will come out again soon.a. sold out b. is sold out c. has sold out d. was sold out19. do you know earth day? sure. it in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet.a. sets upb. set upc. is set upd. was set up20a lot of trees _around here every year，and we

36、 can enjoy fresher air nowawere planted bare planted cwill plant da能力提升。1. what do you _ your hometown? it is very beautiful. i love it very much. a. look at b. talk about c. think of d. think over 2. when i was in the supermarket, i forgot _ money with me. a.to take b.to taking c. taking d. bringin

37、g 3. could you give me some advice? i dont know _.why dont you wear this red shirt?a. when to wear b. what to wear c. how to wear d. where to wear4. most of my classmates dont like to talk to teir parents, but i am _ them. a. different from b. surprised at c. the same as d. proud of 5. wheres your t

38、icket? show _ , please. a.me it b.it me c.me to it d.it to me 6. -tom, _ read books while you are walking in the street. its very dangerous. -ok, thank you. a. dont b. doesnt c. wont d. cant7. he _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. a. picked up b. threw away c. looked for d. h

39、anded in8. im sure our football team will _ this match. were the best. a. win b. fail c. lose d. beat9. our teacher often tells us _ in the river. its dangerous. a. dont swim b. not swim c. not to swim d. not swimming10. thanks to the internet, different kinds of information _ in a short time. a. ca

40、n be learned b. has been learned c. can learn d. has learned unit 4 cartoons and comic strips 1.comic strip 連環(huán)漫畫(huà)2.pop out 張大，睜大3.decide on 決定4.video camera 攝像機(jī)5.play against 同比賽6.weather forecast 天氣預(yù)報(bào)7.thank goodness 謝天謝地8.make it 獲得成功9.think of 考慮，想起，記得 what do you think of .？ 10.have a good idea 有

41、個(gè)好主意11.think about 思考，考慮12.add.to.把添加到13.sound effects 音響效果14.at the underground station 在地鐵站15.look like 看上去像16.put.together 把放在一起17.the same as 與相同18.be different from 與不同19.a pair of 一雙20.at the top of 在頂部21.look out=take care=be careful 當(dāng)心22.pick up 撿起23.in trouble 在困境中重點(diǎn)詞匯：1.appear+(to be )+adj

42、. she appears (to be) happy at the news. 她聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)顯得很開(kāi)心。appear+to do sth you appear to travel quite a lot. 你好像走過(guò)很多地方。2. a bit of = a little 3.be ready to do sth. be/get ready for sth. 4.the same as和一樣 be different from 和不同5.look,sound,taste,smell,feel連系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。6.in trouble 在困境中 have trouble with s

43、b./sth.某人/某物有毛病 get into trouble 惹上麻煩 have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻煩 take the trouble to do sth. 費(fèi)力做某事7.succeed in doing 做成某事8.laugh at sb.嘲笑某人9.tell sb sth. 告訴某人某事 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人做某事10.be used to do 被用來(lái)做 used to do 過(guò)去常常做 be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：should be 應(yīng)該should not be 不

44、應(yīng)該must be 必須must not be 一定不能can be 可以can not be 不可以現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+have/has been + 過(guò)去分詞after everything has been checked, it is ready to be played for everyone to enjoy. the cartoon characters have been drawn carefully by the artists. 能力提升。1. what do you _ your hometown? it is very beautiful. i love i

45、t very much. a.look at b.talk about c.think of d.think over 2. when i was in the supermarke, i forgot _ money with me. a.to take b.to taking c.taking d.bringing 3. could you give me some advice? i dont know _.why dont you wear this red shirt?a.when to wear b.what to wear c.how to wear d.where to wea

46、r4. most of my classmates dont like to talk to teir parents, but i am _ them. a.different from b.surprised at c.the same as d.proud of 5. wheres your ticket? show _ , please. a.me it b.it me c.me to it d.it to me 6. -tom, _ read books while you are walking in the street. its very dangerous. -ok, tha

47、nk you. a.dont b.doesnt c.wont d.cant7. he _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. a.picked up b.threw away c.looked for d.handed in8. it sure our football team will _ this match.were the best. a.win b.fail c.lose d.beat9. our teacher often tells us _ in the river. its dangerous.

48、a.dont swim b.not swim c.not to swim d.not swimming10. thanks to the internet, different kinds of information _ in a short time. a.can be learned b.has been learned c.can learn d.has learned unit4 cartoons and comic strips詞匯26. character：n. 人物、角色yue fei is a great historical character.27. think of 考

49、慮、思考im thinking of going to paris for vacation.拓展：think of：想起、記起 i cant think of his name. think of：對(duì)有某種看法，常用于“what do you think of”句型中 what do you think of the book？28. add to& add toad to把加到上please add some salt to the water.add to添加，增添（歡樂(lè)、困難等抽象名詞）do you have anything to add to the list?29. record

50、 v. 錄音ive recorded the whole concert.拓展：record n. 記錄 set the record創(chuàng)造記錄 break the record打破記錄 hold the record保持記錄30. decide on 決定、選定what made you decide on plan a?31. basic adj. 基礎(chǔ)的，基本的拓展：base basis (n.)基礎(chǔ) basic (adj.)基本的 basically (adv,)基本上32. here it is.以here和there開(kāi)頭的句子，若后面的主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞，主謂不倒裝；若后面的主語(yǔ)為名詞，

51、主謂倒裝。here you are. 給你。here comes the bus. 公共汽車來(lái)了。33. forget v. 忘記forget to do忘記要做某事（動(dòng)作沒(méi)發(fā)生）i forget to turn off the light.forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）i forget opening the door.34. look like 看上去像tom looks like his father.拓展：提問(wèn)長(zhǎng)相： what do/ dose sb. look like? 提問(wèn)性格： what is sb. like?35. appear v. 顯得，看來(lái)，似乎a woman suddenly appeared in the doorway.拓展：appear （to be）+ adj./ n. she appears (to be) happy at the news. appear to do sth. you appear to travel quite a lot.36. a little& a bit1) 兩者都可以作副詞用，用來(lái)修飾形容詞（原級(jí)或比較級(jí)），或動(dòng)詞。 im a little/ bit hungry.2) 用作形容詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而a bit后面加of再加不可數(shù)名詞。 ther