高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)公開(kāi)課七選五解題思路及技巧課件

1、高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 七 選 五 命題目的：主要考查考生對(duì)文命題目的：主要考查考生對(duì)文 章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏 輯意義的理解和掌握。輯意義的理解和掌握。 短文特點(diǎn)短文特點(diǎn) 卷別卷別 年份年份長(zhǎng)度長(zhǎng)度 體裁體裁題材題材 i 卷卷 2017268記敘記敘 記敘作者露營(yíng)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變記敘作者露營(yíng)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變 2016258說(shuō)明說(shuō)明 介紹密碼的三種類(lèi)型介紹密碼的三種類(lèi)型 2015272說(shuō)明說(shuō)明 如何重建信任如何重建信任 考點(diǎn)分析考點(diǎn)分析 卷別卷別 卷卷 年份年份 201720172016201620152015 主主 旨旨 段落標(biāo)題段落標(biāo)題 主題句主題句 3

2、7,3937,3937,3837,38 38,3938,39 段中過(guò)渡句段中過(guò)渡句 (句際關(guān)系句際關(guān)系) 順承關(guān)系順承關(guān)系3939 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系3737 舉例關(guān)系舉例關(guān)系 卷別卷別 卷卷 年份年份 201720162015 主主 旨旨 總分關(guān)系總分關(guān)系 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系36, 384040 段中過(guò)渡句段中過(guò)渡句 (句際關(guān)系句際關(guān)系) 并列排比并列排比36 重述解釋重述解釋 對(duì)立關(guān)系對(duì)立關(guān)系36 段末總結(jié)句段末總結(jié)句 40 四四. 試題基本類(lèi)型：試題基本類(lèi)型：主旨大意題和主旨大意題和 細(xì)節(jié)分析題細(xì)節(jié)分析題 五五. 解題的基本步驟：解題的基本步驟： （一）通讀全文及選項(xiàng)，理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)及脈（一）

3、通讀全文及選項(xiàng)，理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)及脈 絡(luò)絡(luò) 文章結(jié)構(gòu)： （1）議論文和說(shuō)明文基本結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型 （2）記敘文注意時(shí)間和空間順序 （二）先易后難確定選項(xiàng)（二）先易后難確定選項(xiàng) （三）復(fù)讀檢查，代入核對(duì)（三）復(fù)讀檢查，代入核對(duì) 六、基本解題思路六、基本解題思路 以信息重現(xiàn)或相關(guān)和信息之間的邏以信息重現(xiàn)或相關(guān)和信息之間的邏 輯關(guān)系為依據(jù)來(lái)確定選項(xiàng)。輯關(guān)系為依據(jù)來(lái)確定選項(xiàng)。 七、七選五閱讀主要解題技巧七、七選五閱讀主要解題技巧 （一）信息重現(xiàn)和相關(guān)類(lèi)（一）信息重現(xiàn)和相關(guān)類(lèi) (1) 信息重現(xiàn)信息重現(xiàn)(詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)/同疇同現(xiàn)同疇同現(xiàn)) 詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)：詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)： 就是空格前、后句中與正確選項(xiàng)中含就是空格前、后句中與正

4、確選項(xiàng)中含 有相同的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞，叫原詞或同詞有相同的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞，叫原詞或同詞 復(fù)現(xiàn)；如果前后句與選項(xiàng)中雖然沒(méi)有相復(fù)現(xiàn)；如果前后句與選項(xiàng)中雖然沒(méi)有相 同的詞，但有同義表達(dá)，叫同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。同的詞，但有同義表達(dá)，叫同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。 如：如： (2017全國(guó)全國(guó)卷卷) interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done. 36 , there are several ways to handle things. lets take a look at them now. 解析：

5、解析：根據(jù)空格后的逗號(hào)可知，空格處應(yīng)選一根據(jù)空格后的逗號(hào)可知，空格處應(yīng)選一 個(gè)從句，再根據(jù)后文中提到的幾種避免在工作個(gè)從句，再根據(jù)后文中提到的幾種避免在工作 中被打擾的方法，選項(xiàng)中的中被打擾的方法，選項(xiàng)中的interruption與第與第 一句中的一句中的interruption為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)可知，答案為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)可知，答案 選選b項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。 a. if youre busy, dont feel bad about saying no b. when you want to avoid interruptions at work 應(yīng)選一個(gè)從句應(yīng)選一個(gè)從句原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn) 解析：解析：與空后句中的與空

6、后句中的ingredients(配料配料), pancakes (薄煎餅薄煎餅)可能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的，只可能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的，只 有選項(xiàng)有選項(xiàng)a中的中的cook，故選，故選a項(xiàng)項(xiàng)(鼓勵(lì)孩子鼓勵(lì)孩子 跟你一起烹飪跟你一起烹飪)。 (2014全國(guó)全國(guó)卷卷)your children need to be deeply curious. 37 ask kids, “what ingredients (配配 料料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” a. encourage kids to cook with you. c. we

7、can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. 詞語(yǔ)同現(xiàn)詞語(yǔ)同現(xiàn) (2) 結(jié)構(gòu)重現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)重現(xiàn) 解析：解析：分析語(yǔ)境可知，該處仍在談?wù)撁芊治稣Z(yǔ)境可知，該處仍在談?wù)撁?碼本，由此可鎖定碼本，由此可鎖定a項(xiàng)，該句與空后一項(xiàng)，該句與空后一 句結(jié)構(gòu)相同，可確定為答案。句結(jié)構(gòu)相同，可確定為答案。 (2016全國(guó)全國(guó)卷卷) the message “bridge out” would actually mean “meet me.”40 _a_ however, it is also hard to keep a code book se

8、cret for long. so codes must be changed frequently. a.it is very hard to break a code without the c ode book. c.only people who know the keyword can rea d the message. 二二. 把握句際的邏輯關(guān)系把握句際的邏輯關(guān)系 1. 主旨大意類(lèi)（總主旨大意類(lèi)（總分分 分分總總 因因果）果） （1）主題句（段首或段末）主題句（段首或段末）據(jù)據(jù)“分分”“”“總總”。 (2017全國(guó)全國(guó)卷卷)a better plan for sleep can

9、help. here is how to make one. 37 in order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? once you are clear about your reason, tell your family or roommates abou

10、t the change you want to make. a. get a sleep specialist. b. find the right motivation. 動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)機(jī) 總論總論 解析解析：該句該句“找到正確的動(dòng)機(jī)找到正確的動(dòng)機(jī)”是該是該 段的總論，下文中提到的段的總論，下文中提到的“與家人共與家人共 進(jìn)早餐，做晨練，或者為今天的工作進(jìn)早餐，做晨練，或者為今天的工作 做好準(zhǔn)備做好準(zhǔn)備”都是為早晨起床所找的理都是為早晨起床所找的理 由，即起床的動(dòng)機(jī)，故答案為由，即起床的動(dòng)機(jī)，故答案為b項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。( 總總分關(guān)系分關(guān)系) （2） 結(jié)論句（段末或文章最后一段）結(jié)論句（段末或文章最后一段）

11、 常用詞語(yǔ)有：常用詞語(yǔ)有：in short, in belief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, in conclusion. these steps arent magic, but they do work. and if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster 37 c. different people feel stress in different ways. d

12、ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. 解析解析：根據(jù)根據(jù)and if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster. 如果你再經(jīng)歷困苦的時(shí)候如果你再經(jīng)歷困苦的時(shí)候 保持樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度，你就會(huì)感覺(jué)好得多保持樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度，你就會(huì)感覺(jué)好得多 。等到壓力消失的時(shí)候感覺(jué)就好了，。等到壓力消失的時(shí)候感覺(jué)就好了， 故選故選d。 （3） 小標(biāo)題（段首，短小精悍）小標(biāo)題（段首，短小精悍） it

13、starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. 37 some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. others are concerned about using gardening methods tha

14、t require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料肥料). 18 . however, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. one of them comes from our earliest years. recall(回憶回憶)your childhood memories our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. a. know why

15、 you garden b. find a good place for your own garden 解析解析：a 根據(jù)本段最后一句根據(jù)本段最后一句however， there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to gardenone of them comes from our earliest years“然而，有很多能解然而，有很多能解 釋你為什么想做園藝的原因釋你為什么想做園藝的原因”可知我可知我 們首先要搞清楚為什么要做園藝，故們首先要搞清楚為什么要做園藝，故 選選a 二二. 把握句際的邏

16、輯關(guān)系把握句際的邏輯關(guān)系 2.細(xì)節(jié)分析類(lèi)細(xì)節(jié)分析類(lèi) （1）分述類(lèi)）分述類(lèi) you are a special person a clone most importantly ,good public speaking training should treat you as a special one , with your own personal habits . 5 .your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone youre not . .

17、 a .you arent like anybody else e . whatever the presentation ,public speaking is tough 解析解析：根據(jù)根據(jù)treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits可知，可知， 本段講的是本段講的是“與眾不同與眾不同”，故選，故選a。 (2) 順承關(guān)系：順承關(guān)系：順承是按時(shí)間、空間或邏輯順承是按時(shí)間、空間或邏輯 事理上的順序說(shuō)出連續(xù)的動(dòng)作或相關(guān)的情況，事理上的順序說(shuō)出連續(xù)的動(dòng)作或相關(guān)的情況， 分句之間有先后相承的關(guān)系。如：分句之間有先后相承的關(guān)系。如：

18、 (2016全國(guó)全國(guó)卷卷) a code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. to read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 a. it is very hard to break a code without the code book. f. with a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. 必須要有代碼書(shū)必須要有代碼書(shū) 如果有代

19、碼書(shū)如果有代碼書(shū) 順承關(guān)系順承關(guān)系 解析：解析：前句前句“要讀懂代碼的真實(shí)信息，你必要讀懂代碼的真實(shí)信息，你必 須要有本代碼書(shū)須要有本代碼書(shū)”與選項(xiàng)與選項(xiàng)f“如果有一本代碼如果有一本代碼 書(shū)，你就可以把它們所代表的其他詞寫(xiě)下來(lái)書(shū)，你就可以把它們所代表的其他詞寫(xiě)下來(lái)” 是順承關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)是順承關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)f中的中的a code book與空前與空前 句中的句中的a code book是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選f項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。 (3) 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：選項(xiàng)或空后句中常有選項(xiàng)或空后句中常有but, however, instead等詞。如：等詞。如： (2017全國(guó)全國(guó)卷卷) if anyone h

20、ad told me three years ago that i would be spending most of my weekends camping. i would have laughed heartily. campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. they had nothing in common with me. 36 the friends who introduced me to campin

21、g thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 舉例說(shuō)明（舉例說(shuō)明（參加了露營(yíng)活動(dòng)參加了露營(yíng)活動(dòng)） 前后態(tài)前后態(tài) 度轉(zhuǎn)變度轉(zhuǎn)變 道不同不相為謀道不同不相為謀 i was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. we have done a lot of it since. everyone finds his or her way back to nature. i recommend that you find your way in

22、style. b. things are going to be improved. d. i was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. 轉(zhuǎn)折作用轉(zhuǎn)折作用 解析：解析：空格前句說(shuō)作者與喜歡露營(yíng)的人道空格前句說(shuō)作者與喜歡露營(yíng)的人道 不同不相為謀，后文卻開(kāi)始舉例說(shuō)明作者接不同不相為謀，后文卻開(kāi)始舉例說(shuō)明作者接 受朋友邀請(qǐng)參加了露營(yíng)活動(dòng)，可見(jiàn)空格表示受朋友邀請(qǐng)參加了露營(yíng)活動(dòng)，可見(jiàn)空格表示 作者對(duì)露營(yíng)活動(dòng)有所改觀，因此答案作者對(duì)露營(yíng)活動(dòng)有所改觀，因此答案d項(xiàng)中項(xiàng)中 的的“however”起了轉(zhuǎn)折作用，表明作者從那起了轉(zhuǎn)折作用，表明作者從

23、那 時(shí)起，開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)與露營(yíng)相關(guān)的事。時(shí)起，開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)與露營(yíng)相關(guān)的事。 (4) 因果關(guān)系：因果關(guān)系：空格前后可能有空格前后可能有so, therefore, since, because，consequently，as a result等詞。等詞。 如：如： e. its important that you let them know when youll be available f. it might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you (2017全國(guó)全國(guó)卷卷) when people try to interrupt

24、 you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then. 38 .it can help to eliminate (消除消除) future interruptions. 果果 因因 解析：解析：空格前提到，當(dāng)別人打擾你的時(shí)候，空格前提到，當(dāng)別人打擾你的時(shí)候， 你要安排好時(shí)間，告知他們你在什么時(shí)候有你要安排好時(shí)間，告知他們你在什么時(shí)候有 空，空格后提到這樣做可以幫助你消除日后空，空格后提到這樣做可以幫助你消除日后 的打擾，用選項(xiàng)的打擾，用

25、選項(xiàng)e(讓他們知道你什么時(shí)候有讓他們知道你什么時(shí)候有 空是非常重要的空是非常重要的)代入原文，選項(xiàng)代入原文，選項(xiàng)e與空后句與空后句 存在因果關(guān)系。故選存在因果關(guān)系。故選e項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。 (5) 并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系 常用詞或短語(yǔ)常用詞或短語(yǔ) ：besides, not only.but also., and, at the same time, also, too, some.other., one.another. (2014全國(guó)全國(guó)2卷卷) hopefully that gives you a good start. _40_ and dont let a busy schedule discour

26、age you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live! e. cooking is a burden for many people. f. let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. (6) 解釋關(guān)系：解釋關(guān)系： 用更為明白易懂的話用更為明白易懂的話重述或解釋重述或解釋前面前面 的信息，常用的信息，常用for example (instance),in fact, in other words, that is to say, 等或冒等

27、或冒 號(hào)號(hào)(:)、破折號(hào)、破折號(hào)()等標(biāo)點(diǎn)。如：等標(biāo)點(diǎn)。如： 解析：解析：in other words表示該句是對(duì)空格前一句的解表示該句是對(duì)空格前一句的解 釋?zhuān)裔專(zhuān)襱ake care of your body與與exercise是上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)，是上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)， 還有還有your brain原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選g。 (2011全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷) 2. go for a walk. mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physic

28、al activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. in fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 74 d. so take a few minutes each day to do some reading. g. in other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain. 上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)上下義復(fù)現(xiàn) (7) 相對(duì)或?qū)α㈥P(guān)系相對(duì)或?qū)α㈥P(guān)系 常用詞

29、或短語(yǔ)：常用詞或短語(yǔ)：while, on the contrary, in contrast, in comparison. now, in the past (2017全國(guó)全國(guó)卷卷) keep a record and evaluate it weekly. keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. after youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 if not, take another look at other meth

30、ods you could try. a. get a sleep specialist. e. if the steps you take are working, keep it up. 并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系 相對(duì)關(guān)系相對(duì)關(guān)系 解析：解析：該句該句“如果你所采取的措施是有如果你所采取的措施是有 效的，那么堅(jiān)持下去效的，那么堅(jiān)持下去”與下一句與下一句“如果無(wú)如果無(wú) 效，看看有沒(méi)有你可以嘗試的其他措施效，看看有沒(méi)有你可以嘗試的其他措施” 形成相對(duì)關(guān)系。兩句都是形成相對(duì)關(guān)系。兩句都是“條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句 +祈使句祈使句”的模式，同時(shí)，的模式，同時(shí)，steps與與methods 也構(gòu)成了并列關(guān)系

31、，故答案為也構(gòu)成了并列關(guān)系，故答案為e項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。 (8) 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 常用詞或短語(yǔ)：常用詞或短語(yǔ)：further, furthermore, moreover,whats more, even worse, to make matter worse. 例：its heard , and l was hungry。 40 a . even worse , it was raining b . whats more , it was sunny (9) 順序關(guān)系：順序關(guān)系：指指one / first second (ly) third (ly) (第一第一第二第二第三第三)， first ne

32、xt then (首先首先接下來(lái)接下來(lái)然然 后后)等。如：等。如： (2013全國(guó)全國(guó)卷卷 )one is the establishment (制定制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production, sales, the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies, and accounting. 74 the third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments. e. the secon

33、d aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. f. in the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects. 解析解析：因前有因前有one后有后有the third，這里應(yīng)是，這里應(yīng)是 the second，故選，故選e。 三、語(yǔ)法提示三、語(yǔ)法提示 1、代詞提示 2、標(biāo)點(diǎn)提示 (2017全國(guó)全國(guó)卷卷)if you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 .if someone kno