高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：不定式被動(dòng)(Passive Voice)

1、grammar passive voice 一一. 復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(revise the passive voice) 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(the active voice)和和 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(the passive voice)兩種形式。兩種形式。 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者; 被語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：被語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如： the boss made the workers work long hours. (主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) the workers were made to work long ho

2、urs. (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) music is being taught ( by miss li ) now. 轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則： 用公式表示為用公式表示為:(主動(dòng)主動(dòng)) s+v+o s(o)+v(be+ v-ed)+ by+o(s), 如：如： miss li is teaching music now. 一般一般進(jìn)行進(jìn)行完成完成 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 am/is/are given 過(guò)去過(guò)去 was/were given 將來(lái)將來(lái) shall/will be given 時(shí)時(shí) 式式 二二.常見(jiàn)主被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)變化一覽表常見(jiàn)主被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)變化一覽表 am/is/are being given has/hav

3、e been given was/were being given had been given shall/will have been given 1. english is spoken all over the world. 2. the water is being turned into vapour. 3. those rooms have not been cleaned yet. 4. he was seen to enter the room. 5. at that time they were being shown how to run the machine. 6.

4、radios had just been invented then, and people were talking about sending pictures by electricity. 7. madame curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium. 8. before you come back, the building will have been finished. 不定式被動(dòng)式的用法不定式被動(dòng)式的用法: 不定式與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是不定式與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),

5、要用要用 不定式的被動(dòng)式。不定式的被動(dòng)式。 不定式的不定式的一般被動(dòng)式一般被動(dòng)式即即表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式 動(dòng)作的承受者動(dòng)作的承受者,又表示其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作又表示其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作 同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生; 不定式的不定式的完成被動(dòng)式完成被動(dòng)式即即表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式 動(dòng)作的承受者動(dòng)作的承受者,又表示其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的又表示其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的 動(dòng)作之前。動(dòng)作之前。 e.g. he ordered the bridge to be built within the month. 他命令在月內(nèi)建成這座橋。他命令在月內(nèi)

6、建成這座橋。(一般被動(dòng)式一般被動(dòng)式) she was glad to have been given so much help. 得到如此多的幫助得到如此多的幫助, 她很高興。她很高興。(完成被動(dòng)式完成被動(dòng)式) 三三. 動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變化一覽表動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變化一覽表 一般式一般式進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式完成式完成式 主動(dòng)主動(dòng)to doto be doingto have done 被動(dòng)被動(dòng) to be done to have been done (1)the meeting to be held is of great importance. (2) the bridge to b

7、e built next year is just between the one built last year and the one being built now. (3) this house seems to have been built by a good architect. more examples: 通常在通常在believe, suppose, say, report等動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成等動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成 的句子中可以進(jìn)行主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)以及的句子中可以進(jìn)行主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)以及 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換。如： they say that mike

8、is sick in bed. it is said that mike is sick in bed. mike is said to be sick in bed. 據(jù)說(shuō)麥克臥床不起據(jù)說(shuō)麥克臥床不起. people believe that he was killed. it is believed that he was killed. he is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被殺了大家相信他被殺了. 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的 承受者時(shí)承受者時(shí), 不定式一般要采用被動(dòng)形式。不定式一般要采用被

9、動(dòng)形式。 一、一、 不定式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法不定式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法: 1. 作主語(yǔ)：作主語(yǔ)： it is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. 2. 作賓語(yǔ)：作賓語(yǔ)： she asked to be sent to work in xinjiang. 3. 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)： he wanted the letter to be typed at once. she didnt like herself to be praised like that. 4. 構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)： the books are not all

10、owed to be taken out of the room. 5. 作定語(yǔ)：作定語(yǔ)： are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office? 6. 作狀語(yǔ)：作狀語(yǔ)： she was too young to be assigned such work. 二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式, 在句中作在句中作 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ), 或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)等。或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)等。 it is a good thing for him to have bee

11、n criticized. (主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)) she preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)) he thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. (復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)) the book is said to have been translated into many languages. (復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)) she was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)) 三、不定式的主動(dòng)

12、形式表示被動(dòng)三、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng) 1. 在在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如： there is a lot of homework to do. (也可用也可用to be done) there is no time to lose (to be lost). 2. 在在“npron + be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。 常用的形容詞有常用的形容詞有easy, difficult, hard, impossible， nice, pleasant, light, heavy, fit, interesting， important, expensive,

13、cheap, dangerous等。等。如：如： he is hard to convince. he is an impossible person to work with 3. 在在“tooto do; enoughto”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：如： the problem is too difficult to work out/ (to be worked out) the house is big enough to live in. 4. 在在“with+n+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如： with nothing to do, he lay in bed with so

14、many exercises to do, i cant go to the cinema 5. 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。如：如： i have a letter to type today(i是是to type的邏輯主語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)) do you have anything to say? (you是是to say的邏輯主語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)) 6. 當(dāng)不定式隱含在當(dāng)不定式隱含在for sb to do結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)。例如：例如： this is the best book to read (=for usyou to read) the importan

15、t thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house 7. 一些作表語(yǔ)用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)一些作表語(yǔ)用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi) 動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et(出租出租), rent, hire, blame等。等。例如：例如： the house is to let i felt l was to blame. notice 動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用要比被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用要比被動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用普遍語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的使用普遍, 有時(shí)有時(shí)(尤其在口語(yǔ)中尤其在口語(yǔ)中) 雖然意思上是被動(dòng)的雖然意思上是被動(dòng)的, 也往往用主

16、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也往往用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 形式來(lái)表示。形式來(lái)表示。 i have three motors to repair today. the task is difficult to finish on time. 1. the purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (met99) a. not make b. not to make c. not making d. do not make 2. ive worked with children before, so i know what _ i

17、n my new job. (met2000) a. expected b. to expect c. to be expecting d. expects 3. having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (met2001) a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen 不定式與高考題不定式與高考題 b b b 4. charles babbage is generally considere

18、d _ the first computer. (met1993) a. to invent b. inventing c. to have invented d. having invented 5. allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (met2003) a. much too heavy b. too much heavy c. heavy too much d. too heavy much c a 6. the boy wanted to ride his bicycle

19、in the street, but his mother told him _. (met95) a. not to b. not to do c. not do it d. do not to 7. there are five pairs _, but im at a loss which to buy. (1999上海高考上海高考) a. to be chosen b. to choose from c. to choose d. for choosing a b 8. _ late in the afternoon, bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北

20、京春季高考年北京春季高考) a. to sleep b. sleeping c. sleep d. having sleep 9. with a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (2002年上海春季高考年上海春季高考) a. settled b. settling c. to settle d. being settled a c 10. she will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a

21、role _ in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考上海春季高考) a. to have played b. to play c. to be played d. to be playing 11. in order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are trying _ their products more competitive. (2002上海春季高考上海春季高考) a. to make b.

22、 making c. to have made d. having made b a 12. the teacher asked us _ so much noise. (2003北京春季高考北京春季高考) a. dont make b. not make c. not making d. not to make 13. all these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for christmas.(05年遼寧卷年遼寧卷) a. in order to have received b. in order to receive c. so

23、as to be received d. so as to be receiving d c 14. i would love _ to the party last night but i had to work extra hours to finish a report. a. to go b. having gone c. going d. to have gone 15. robert is said _ abroad, but i dont know what country he studied in. a. to have studied b. to study c. to b

24、e study d. to have been studying 16. it is said in australia there is more land than the government knows _. a. what to do with it b. what to do it with c. what to do with d. to do what with it d a a 17. quite a few people used to believe that disaster _ if a mirror was broken. a. was sure of striki

25、ng b. was sure of having struck c. was sure to be struck d. was sure to strike 18. john was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. a. to wash b. washing c. wash d. to be washing 19. she reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. a. to have rested b. restin

26、g c. to rest d. rest d a c 20. last summer i took a course on _. a. how to make dresses b. how dresses be made c. how to be made dresses d. how dresses to be made 21. the patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. a. to eat not b. eating not c. not to eat d. not eat 22. the flu is believed

27、_ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (04) a. causing b. being caused c. to be caused d. to have caused a c c 23. to fetch water before breakfast seemed to be a rule _. a. to never break b. never to be broken c. never to have broken d. never to be breakin

28、g 24. the tools in the workshop are not allowed _. a. taking out b. to take out c. to be taken out d. being taken out b c 25. the dam _ by the year 2010, will benefit the whole country. a. being completed b. to complete c. completed d. to be completed 26. here we found little snow, as most of it see

29、med _ blown off the mountain. a. to have been b. to be c. that it was d. that it had been d a 27. he said such a thing ought _ to happen. a. to be not allowed b. not to be allowing c. not to have allowed d. not to be allowed 28. she told me that her proposal needed _ into consideration. a. to take b

30、. to be taken c. to be taking d. to have taken d b 29. the local health organization is reported _ twenty-five years ago when dr. adudon became its first president. a. to be set up b. being set up c. to have been set up d. having been set up c 30. large sums of money _ each year in painting the steelwork of bridges, ships, and other exposed structures. a. have spent b. have to be spent c. have to spen