初中英語語法-非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞 一.定義：非謂語動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動(dòng)詞，即動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。約占中考10%。 二.分類：動(dòng)詞不定式、v-ing形式和過去分詞。 1. 動(dòng)詞不定式 1)構(gòu)成：(not) to do / (not) do 2)句法功能： （1）作主語： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是很難的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味著失敗。 動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式置于句后， 例如上面兩句可用如下形式： It is very hard

2、 to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是很難的。 It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味著失敗。 常用句式： It+be+名詞+to do sth. It takes sb.+some time+to do sth. It+be+形容詞+of /forsb +to do sth. 常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise,等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的形容詞，不定式前的sb.

3、可作其邏輯主語。 區(qū)別：當(dāng)使用for時(shí)，句中形容詞修飾的是不定式； Its necessary for you to study hard . （necessary 修飾 to study hard，表示學(xué)習(xí)努力是有必要的而用of時(shí)，句中形容詞修飾邏輯主語。 Its foolish of him to do it .（foolish 修飾邏輯主語him） （2）作表語： Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打掃大廳。 seem作連系動(dòng)詞，其后的to be 不定式可省。 She seems to be ill today.= She seems ill.= It

4、 seems that she is ill. （3）作賓語： 常與不定式做賓語連用的動(dòng)詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, I hope to get good grades. I want to help you. 注意： 如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面。 I found it difficult to learn math well. 動(dòng)詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介

5、詞賓語。 I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在這里，別無選擇。 He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行車什么也沒干。 動(dòng)詞不定式前有時(shí)可與疑問詞連用。 He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他給了我們一些學(xué)英語的建議。 （4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語： 在復(fù)合賓語中，動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，如下動(dòng)詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語： want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advi

6、se, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 有些動(dòng)詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要加to, I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road. （5）作定語： 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。 He found a good house to live in. （6）作狀語： 表目的： He worked day and

7、night to get the money. 他夜以繼日地工作來賺錢。 She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她賣掉了自己的頭發(fā)來買那條表鏈。 表結(jié)果(往往是與預(yù)期愿望相反的結(jié)果 意料之外)，常位于句尾。 He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他來晚了，只見火車已經(jīng)走了。 I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜訪他，只見他出去了。 表原因：hey were very sad to hear the news. 他們聽到這條新聞非常傷心。 表程度：

8、Its too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了，我們什么也看不見。 表?xiàng)l件：不定式表?xiàng)l件常位于句首。 To be heated，liquid will change into gas.如果受熱，液體就會(huì)變成氣體。 表方式:不定式可接在as if / as though之后 He moved his mouth as if to say something. 他嘴唇動(dòng)了動(dòng)，好像要說什么事。 （7）不定式做獨(dú)立成分 To tell you the truth, I dont like it. 告訴你實(shí)話，我不喜歡它。 （8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do動(dòng)詞。 I

9、f you dont want to do it, you dont need to. 如果你不想做這件事，你就不必做。 （9）不定式的并列：第二個(gè)不定式可省略to。 He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望學(xué)醫(yī)并成為醫(yī)生。 2.v-ing形式 1）分類：v-ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞， 2）句法功能： （1）作主語： Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。 （2）作表語： In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在螞蟻王國(guó)，蟻后

10、的工作是產(chǎn)卵。 （3）作賓語： They havent finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。 要記住如下動(dòng)詞及短語只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語： enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承認(rèn)）， deny（否認(rèn)）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒險(xiǎn)）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help（情不自禁地）, thi